scholarly journals Non-Destructive Characterization of Mechanically Processed Waste Printed Circuit Boards: X-ray Fluorescence Spectroscopy and Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akira Otsuki ◽  
Pedro Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
Christian Stieghorst ◽  
Zsolt Révay
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Processed Waste

This work aimed to characterize the deportment/concentration and liberation/association of the metals and light elements within mechanically processed waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) that hold the complex and heterogeneous structure and distribution of different material components. Waste PCBs passed through a series of mechanical processing (i.e., comminution and sieving) for metal recovery and were then characterized without further destroying the particles in order to capture their heterogeneity. The characterizations were performed in a laboratory and large-scale neutron facility. The results obtained with a portable X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and prompt gamma activation analysis were compared and confirmed the good agreement and complementarities in general. The advantages and disadvantages of the two different methods were identified and discussed in this paper, in relation to their application to the analysis of mechanically processed PCB particles.

Major and Trace Elements in the Humic Acid

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Katalin Gméling ◽  
Tímea Kocsis ◽  
János Osán ◽  
Mihály András Pocsai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Humic Acid ◽  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Precise Analysis

We present precise analysis of major and trace elements of the humic acid. We used three different element analytical techniques in our investigations as prompt-gamma activation analysis (PGAA), neutron activation analysis (NAA) and X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis was carried out. We identified 42 elements in our sample.

scholarly journals Determination of Liberation Degree of Mechanically Processed Waste Printed Circuit Boards by Using the Digital Microscope and SEM-EDS Analysis

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pedro Pereira Gonçalves ◽  
Akira Otsuki
Keyword(s):  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Image Acquisition ◽  
Target Component ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
Characterization Methods ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Digital Microscope ◽  
Processed Waste

Characterization of heterogeneous materials, such as particles from mechanically processed waste printed circuit boards, is a challenging task. The majority of characterization methods either give average information or information that is very limited and in a tiny area of specific interest. That said, capturing such heterogeneity is significantly important for any kind of processes. Degree of liberation, indicating how much the target component is liberated from the non-valuable components, is a key property to determine the success of subsequent process for valuable material recovery. This work analyzed the degree of liberation of metals within the products of hammer milling process via the combination of image acquisition and analysis. The digital microscope and a scanning electron microscope (SEM) coupled with the energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) were used for image acquisition and elemental mapping, in order to evaluate the selective liberation under different milling conditions (i.e., feed mass, milling time) for different metals (mainly Cu and Al) and particle size fractions. The obtained liberation degree was also modelled and determined the liberation parameters that were compared. The results showed that the degree of liberation significantly depend on the milling conditions and metals we analyzed, and well correlated with the selective metal enrichment behavior. Results between the two methods showed some similarities and discrepancies. The advantages and disadvantages of the above two methods were identified and discussed in the paper, in addition to their methodological developments.

scholarly journals An Archaeometallurgical Investigation on Metal Samples from the Chiaravalle Cross

Heritage ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 836-847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniela Di Martino ◽  
Enrico Perelli Cippo ◽  
Antonella Scherillo ◽  
Zsolt Kasztovszky ◽  
Ildikó Harsányi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Unknown Origin ◽  
Mineralogical Composition ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
13Th Century ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Manufacturing Techniques

The production and manufacturing techniques of metals involve expertise, and the study of ancient artifacts relies on interdisciplinary skills. Metalworking processes used in the production of jewelry masterpieces can, for example, give indications on the provenance of an ancient object of an unknown origin and the techniques used. In this regard, metallic samples from the Chiaravalle Cross (a beautiful processional cross with a complex structure, dating to the 13th century) have been studied, combining bulk and point measurements. Neutron-based experiments (like Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis and neutron diffraction) provide the bulk of the elemental and mineralogical composition, while particle induced X-ray emission analyses evidenced important details on its manufacturing techniques.

Revealing hidden features of a Japanese articulated iron lobster via non-destructive local element analysis and 3D imaging

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Szentmiklósi ◽  
Zoltán Kis ◽  
Manako Tanaka ◽  
Boglárka Maróti ◽  
Masato Hoshino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
3D Imaging ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Neutron Imaging ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Local Element ◽  
Non Destructive

We present a workflow to non-destructively determine the elemental compositions of internal volumes of interest enclosed within complex-shaped objects, by combining 3D X-ray or neutron imaging, prompt-gamma activation analysis, and...

Distribution of chlorine in quartz determined by neutron beam focusing prompt gamma activation analysis and micro-x-ray fluorescence

2003 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 2486-2493 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Heather Chen-Mayer ◽  
William J. Heward ◽  
Rick L. Paul ◽  
Frederic J. Klug ◽  
Yan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Activation Analysis ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation Analysis ◽  
Prompt Gamma ◽  
Distribution Analysis ◽  
Gamma Activation ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Beam Focusing ◽  
Ideal System ◽  
Prompt Gamma Activation

This paper describes two spatially resolved analytical techniques for chlorine distribution analysis in high-purity quartz glass. The first, prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA), to which most of this paper is devoted, is emphasized because a new neutron focusing technique has made this study feasible. Despite the low concentration of chlorine, the neutron absorption cross section for Cl is about 200 times greater than for Si, making Cl in Si an ideal system for PGAA. The second technique described is micro-x-ray fluorescence using a laboratory-based spectrometer. The results from each technique and their ability to quantify low levels of chlorine (400–1800 μg Cl/g SiO2) are described.

Experimental Study on Impact Mechanical Properties of Waste Printed Circuit Boards

2010 ◽  
Vol 113-116 ◽  
pp. 1123-1127
Author(s):  
Nian Xin Zhou ◽  
Ya Qun He ◽  
Chen Long Duan ◽  
Shu Ai Wang
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
Impact Load ◽  
Circuit Board ◽  
Circuit Boards ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Printed Circuit ◽  
Waste Printed Circuit Boards ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Scanning Electron

Comminution is a key part of the reutilization of discarded circuit board. In order to find out the most appropriate method of crushing, the characteristics of the materials and the mechanical properties of resistance impact of discarded circuit boards were studied. The substrate of circuit boards, slots of ISA and PCI were adopted as the specimen. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) and energy disperse X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) were used to characterize and analyze the combined state of the fracturing materials on the specimen surfaces after comminution. Results showed that the metals and nonmetals in the slots were crushed and dissociated easily.At the same time, the metal and nonmetal combined interfaces in the substrate have a trend to be broken and separated under the impact effect, which means the crushing circuit board has a favorable break effect under impact load.

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