scholarly journals The Activity of N-acetyl-β-hexosaminidase in the Blood, Urine, Cerebrospinal Fluid and Vitreous Humor Died People Due to Alcohol Intoxication

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3636
Author(s):  
Iwona Ptaszyńska-Sarosiek ◽  
Sylwia Chojnowska ◽  
Sławomir Dariusz Szajda ◽  
Michał Szeremeta ◽  
Zofia Wardaszka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Vitreous Humor ◽  
Lower Activity ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Potential Marker ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Group A ◽  
Ethanol Poisoning ◽  
Group B

Background: The article aimed to assess the activity of the hexosaminidase (HEX) and its HEX A and HEX B isoenzymes in persons who suddenly died due to ethanol poisoning and explain the cause of their death. Methods: The research involved two groups of the deceased group A—22 people (20 males, 2 females; the average age 46 years) who died due to alcohol intoxication (with the blood alcohol content of 4‰ and above in all biological materials at the time of death—blood, urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and vitreous humor), and group B—30 people (22 males, 8 females; the average age 54 years), who died suddenly due to other reasons than alcohol. Results: The highest activity of the HEX was found in the serum of A and B groups. A significantly lower activity of HEX, HEX A, and HEX B was observed in the urine of group A in comparison to the sober decedents. Conclusion: The lower activity of HEX and its isoenzymes in the dead’s urine due to ethanol poisoning may suggest its usefulness as a potential marker of harmful alcohol drinking. Damage done to the kidneys by ethanol poisoning may be one of the possible mechanisms leading to death. Kidneys may be damaged intravitally via the inflammatory agent. Thus, it is necessary to conduct further research to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of exoglycosidases while determining the death mechanisms of people who lost their lives due to ethanol poisoning.

scholarly journals Anti-Pseudomonas aeruginosa antibody detection in patients with bronchiectasis without cystic fibrosis

Thorax ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 56 (9) ◽  
pp. 669-674
Author(s):  
E Caballero ◽  
M-E Drobnic ◽  
M-T Pérez ◽  
J-M Manresa ◽  
A Ferrer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Pseudomonas Aeruginosa ◽  
Outer Membrane ◽  
Outer Membrane Proteins ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Individual Bands ◽  
Diagnostic Usefulness ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

BACKGROUNDPseudomonas aeruginosa is a frequent cause of infection in patients with bronchiectasis. Differentiation between non-infected patients and those with different degrees of P aeruginosainfection could influence the management and prognosis of these patients. The diagnostic usefulness of serum IgG antibodies againstP aeruginosa outer membrane proteins was determined in patients with bronchiectasis without cystic fibrosis.METHODSFifty six patients were classified according to sputum culture into three groups: group A (n=18) with no P aeruginosain any sample; group B (n=18) with P aeruginosa alternating with other microorganisms; and group C (n=20) with P aeruginosa in all sputum samples. Each patient had at least three sputum cultures in the 6 months prior to serum collection. Detection of antibodies was performed by Western blot and their presence against 20 protein bands (10–121 kd) was assessed.RESULTSAntibodies to more than four bands in total or to five individual bands (36, 26, 22, 20 or 18 kd) differentiated group B from group A, while antibodies to a total of more than eight bands or to 10 individual bands (104, 69, 63, 56, 50, 44, 30, 25, 22, 13 kd) differentiated group C from group B. When discordant results between the total number of bands and the frequency of P aeruginosa isolation were obtained, the follow up of patients suggested that the former, in most cases, predicted chronic P aeruginosacolonisation.CONCLUSIONIn patients with bronchiectasis the degree of P aeruginosa infection can be determined by the number and type of outer membrane protein bands indicating which serum antibodies are present.

scholarly journals Influence of the cerebrospinal fluid laboratory parameters in the ELISA test for neurocysticercosis using a total cysticerci antigen

2006 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiane S. Casanova ◽  
Maria José S.P. Ribeiro ◽  
Reizer R. Gonçalves ◽  
Luiz Cláudio Faria ◽  
José Mauro Peralta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
Protein Concentration ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Csf Analysis ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Group A ◽  
Etiological Agents ◽  
Group B

To evaluate if the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) parameters may influence the cysticercosis immunoreactivity response in the CSF. CSF samples of 109 patients were analyzed and classified in three groups, according to the neurological manifestations and the reactivity in antibody-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (Ab-ELISA) testing in CSF for neurocysticercosis (NC): group A, 18 patients with neurological disorders compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC; group B, 50 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and reactive Ab-ELISA for NC; group C, 41 patients with neurological disorders non-compatible with NC and non-reactive Ab-ELISA in CSF for NC. The CSF analysis in group A was compatible with NC. The group B in comparison to the groups A and C presents higher frequency and intensity of hypercytosis, presence of red blood cells in CSF, protein concentration and immunological reactive test for other etiological agents (p<0.05). Based on the present data, we suggest that the inflammatory process and high protein concentration may determine false positive reactions in the Ab-ELISA test for NC in the CSF.

Predictive factors for dural tear and cerebrospinal fluid leakage in patients undergoing lumbar surgery

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 224-227 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony H. Sin ◽  
Gloria Caldito ◽  
Donald Smith ◽  
Mahmoud Rashidi ◽  
Brian Willis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fat Graft ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Dural Tear ◽  
Lumbar Surgery ◽  
History Of Surgery ◽  
Csf Leakage ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

Object A dural tear resulting in a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak is a well-known risk of lumbar spinal procedures. The authors hypothesized that the incidence of CSF leakage is higher in cases involving repeated operations and those in which the surgeon performing the surgery is less experienced; however, they postulated that the overall outcome of the patient would not be adversely affected by a dural tear. Methods An institutional review board–approved protocol at Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, was initiated in August 2003 to allow prospective comparison of data obtained in patients in whom a CSF leak occurred (Group A) and those in whom no CSF leak occurred (Group B) during lumbar surgery. Basic demographic information, descriptive findings regarding the tear, history of other surgeries, hospital length of stay (LOS), and immediate disposition at the time of discharge were compared between the two groups. Seventy-seven patients were eligible for this study. One patient refused to participate. In 12 (15.8%) of 76 patients CSF leakage developed. In three patients the presence of a tear was questioned, and the patients were clinically treated as if a tear were present. The patients in Group A were older than those in Group B (59.8 ± 16.9 and 49.4 ± 13.6 years of age, respectively; p = 0.02, Fisher exact test). In terms of those with a history of surgery, there was no significant difference between patients with and patients without a CSF leak (three [25%] of 12 patients [Group A] compared with 28 [43.8%] of 64 patients [Group B]; p = 0.34, two-sample t-test). In the 12 patients with dural tears, nine (75%) were caused by a resident-in-training, and the Kerrison punch was the instrument most often being used at the time (55%). This is significantly greater than 50% at the 5% level (p = 0.044, binomial test). The authors were able to repair the tear primarily with suture in all but one patient, whose tear was along the nerve root sleeve. In all cases fibrin glue and a muscle/fat graft were used to cover the tear, and all patients were assigned to bed rest from 24 to 48 hours after the operation. In Group A one patient required rehabilitation at discharge. The LOS in Group A was greater than that in Group B (median 5 days compared with 3 days), but no additional complication was noted. Conclusions The incidence of CSF leakage was 16% in 76 patients, and there were no other complications. Older patient age and higher level of the surgeon’s training were factors contributing to the incidence, but the history of surgery was not.

scholarly journals Clinical and Radiological Predictors of Ventriculoperitoneal Shunt Insertion in Myelomeningocele Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (B) ◽  
pp. 522-532
Author(s):  
Ahmed M. F. El Ghoul ◽  
Ahmed Hamdy Ashry ◽  
Mohamed Hamdy El-Sissy ◽  
Ibrahim Mohamed Ibrahim Lotfy
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Surgical Repair ◽  
Shunt Insertion ◽  
Vp Shunt ◽  
Shunt Placement ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Population ◽  
Group B ◽  
Increased Icp

BACKGROUND: Myelomeningocele (MMC) is one of the most common developmental anomalies of the CNS. Many of these patients develop hydrocephalus (HCP). The rate of cerebrospinal fluid diversion in these patients varies significantly in literature, from 52% to 92%. MMC repair conventionally occurs in the post-natal period. With the technological advances in surgical practice and fetal surgeries, intra uterine MMC repair IUMR is adopted in some centers. Cerebrospinal fluid shunting has numerous complications, most notably shunt failure and shunt infection. Studies have suggested that patients with greater numbers of shunt revisions have poorer performance on neuropsychological testing. There is also good evidence to suggest that the IQs of patients with MMC who do not undergo shunt placement are higher than that of their shunt treated counterparts. AIM: In this study, we are trying to identify strong clinical and radiological predictors for the need of ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion in patients with MMC who underwent surgical repair and closure of the defect initially. This will decrease the overall rate of shunt placement in this group of patients through applying a strict policy adopting only shunt insertion for the desperately needing patient. METHODS: Prospective clinical study conducted on 96 patients with MMC presented to Aboul Reish Pediatric Specialized Hospital, Cairo University. After confirming the diagnosis through clinical and radiological aids, patients are carefully examined, if HCP is evident clinically and radiologically a shunt is inserted together with MMC repair at the same session after excluding sepsis or cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) infection, (GROUP A). If there are no signs of increased ICP, MMC repair shall be done alone (GROUP B). Those patients shall be monitored carefully postoperatively and after discharge and shall be followed up regularly to early detect and promptly manage latent HCP. Multiple clinical and radiological indices were used throughout the follow-up period and statistical significance of each was measured. RESULTS: Shunt placement was required in 45 (46.88%) of the 96 patients. Eighteen patients (18.75%) needed the shunt as soon as they presented to us (GROUP A), because they were having clinically active HCP. Twenty-seven (28.13%) patients were operated on by MMC repair initially without shunt placement because they did not have signs of increased ICP at the time of presentation. Yet, they developed latent HCP requiring shunt placement during the follow-up period (GROUP B2). Fifty-one patients of the study population (53.13%) underwent surgical repair of the MMC without the need of further VP insertion and they were followed up for 6 months period after the repair without developing latent HCP (GROUP B1). Patients of GROUP B were the study population susceptible for the development of latent HCP. Out of 78 patients in GROUP B, only 27 patients (34.62%) needed a VP shunt. CONCLUSION: In our study, we found that the rate of shunt insertion in patients with MMC is lower than the previously reported rate in the literature. A more thorough evaluation of the patient’s post-operative need for a shunt is mandatory. We suggest that we could accept postoperative (after MMC repair) ventriculomegaly provided it does not mean any deterioration in the patient’s clinical or developmental state. We assume that reduction of shunt insertion rate will eventually reduce what has previously been an enormous burden for a significant proportion of children with MMC.

Platelet Function in Alcoholics Treated with Disulfiram

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-54
Author(s):  
Maria Luigia Randi ◽  
Ilia Zanella ◽  
Piero Pujatti ◽  
Barbara Soini ◽  
Antonio Girolami
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Platelet Function ◽  
Bleeding Time ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Adenosine Diphosphate ◽  
Human Platelets ◽  
Thromboxane Synthetase ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Normal Controls

Disulfiram is usually used in alcoholics as aversion therapy. It binds to various enzymes and pro teins in blood and in tissues. In particular, it inhibits the thromboxane synthetase in human platelets and, for this reason, it has been surmised that disulfiram has a possible effect on platelet function. So far, disulfiram failed to confirm this hypothesis in healthy volunteers. However, it appears able to decrease the threshold collagen concen tration for platelet aggregation. Our aim was to evaluate the effect of disulfiram on the platelet function of alco holics. In this study, 24 alcoholics, divided in group A (12 abstinent patients with disulfiram 200 mg/day), group B (12 abstinent patients without treatment), and 17 normal controls, are reported. Different tests were performed at time 0 (acute alcohol intoxication), time 2, and time 15 after the beginning of abstinence. A significant increase was observed in bleeding time (BT) of group B and in platelet count of both groups. No modification was seen in prothrombin time. In group A, a significant increase of platelet aggregation under adenosine diphosphate (ADP; 2 μ M) stimulus was observed. Whereas no difference was seen in platelet 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), serum 5-HT increased significantly at time 15 in group A. We con clude that the increase in serum 5-HT was probably due to the inhibition of monoamine oxidase (MAO) promoted by disulfiram, followed by an activation of MAO induced by disulfiram.

scholarly journals Penetration of Rufloxacin into the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Patients with Inflamed and Uninflamed Meninges

2000 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Vittoria Moretti ◽  
Sergio Pauluzzi ◽  
Marina Cesana
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Bacterial Meningitis ◽  
Aseptic Meningitis ◽  
Multiple Dose ◽  
Significant Degree ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Plasma Samples ◽  
Multiple Dose Regimen ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B

ABSTRACT Forty-four patients scheduled for lumbar puncture (LP) were recruited to determine the level of penetration of orally administered rufloxacin into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The patients were divided into three clinical groups: those with normal CSF (groups A1d and A7d), those with aseptic meningitis (group B), and those with bacterial meningitis (group C). Members of group A1d received a single 400-mg rufloxacin dose, while group A7d, B, and C constituents had a multiple-dose regimen (one 400-mg dose, followed by one 200-mg dose daily for 6 days). LP was performed on group A1d members 5 h after they had received treatment, while for group A7d it was undertaken 5 h after administration of the last dose. For group B, LP was performed 5 h after the first and the last doses, whereas for group C it was undertaken after the first, fourth, and last doses. Concentrations of rufloxacin in simultaneously collected CSF and plasma samples were determined. Mean CSF/plasma rufloxacin concentration ratios ranged from 0.57 to 0.84, depending on the study group. A higher, but not statistically significant, degree of penetration into CSF was observed in patients with bacterial meningitis than in those with normal CSF or aseptic meningitis. These data indicate that rufloxacin diffuses efficiently into the CSF of patients with either inflamed or uninflamed meninges.

Clinical Outcome of Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting for Communicating Hydrocephalus in Mucopolysaccharidoses I, II, and III: A Retrospective Analysis of 13 Patients

Neurosurgery ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 1476-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamidreza Aliabadi ◽  
Renee Reynolds ◽  
Ciaran J Powers ◽  
Gerald Grant ◽  
Herbert Fuchs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Stem Cell Transplantation ◽  
Cell Transplantation ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Intracerebral Hematoma ◽  
Communicating Hydrocephalus ◽  
Group A ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Shunting ◽  
Group B

Abstract BACKGROUND: Intracranial pathology is a well-documented feature of mucopolysaccharidoses (MPSs), including communicating hydrocephalus (CH). Neither the success nor the complications of cerebrospinal fluid shunting in MPS patients have been well documented. OBJECTIVE: To retrospectively analyze 13 children with communicating hydrocephalus and MPS at our institution between 1998 and 2006. METHODS: Thirteen patients diagnosed with MPS I, II, or III presenting for stem cell transplantation were retrospectively analyzed. Patients underwent a rigorous pretransplantation workup, including magnetic resonance imaging of the brain. If imaging revealed ventriculomegaly, a lumbar puncture was performed. If intracranial pressure was &gt; 20 cm H20 or the patient demonstrated clinical signs of hydrocephalus or evidence of clinical decline with increasing ventricular size on imaging, a ventriculoperitoneal shunt (VPS) was placed. Clinical outcomes were analyzed after dividing the patients into 2 groups: patients who underwent VPS before (group A) and after (Group B) stem cell transplantation. RESULTS: There were 8 patients in group A and 5 in group B. Group B patients developed more severe complications, including 2 patients who required VPS early after transplantation, one who died secondary to intracerebral hemorrhage and another who developed a subdural empyema. Of the 8 patients in group A, 5 had complications, including 2 shunt infections, a punctate intracerebral hematoma, shunt tube migration, and 3 shunt failures. CONCLUSION: This is the largest review of MPS patients with communicating hydrocephalus. It demonstrates that VPS is an effective treatment. MPS patients need to be evaluated for hydrocephalus before stem cell transplantation because pretransplantation shunting appears to have the most favorable risk/benefit ratio.

Cochlear implantation in children with Mondini dysplasia: our experience

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
N M Suri ◽  
A R Prasad ◽  
R K Sayani ◽  
A Anand ◽  
G Jaychandran
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Retrospective Survey ◽  
Mondini Dysplasia ◽  
Cochlear Implant Surgery ◽  
Operative Complications ◽  
Group A ◽  
One Year ◽  
Group B ◽  
Post Implantation

Abstract Objective This study details the intra-operative complications, and compares auditory scales post-implantation of either profoundly deaf young children with radiologically normal inner ears (group A) or children with Mondini dysplasia (group B). Methods A retrospective survey was carried out of 338 patients with severe to profound sensorineural hearing loss who underwent cochlear implant surgery from February 2015 to May 2017. Patients were divided into 2 groups of 27 patients each. Both groups were followed up to three years post-implantation. Results Cerebrospinal fluid ooze developed in 12 patients, and 2 patients had a cerebrospinal fluid ‘gusher’, one of which had to be explored within 24 hours. After implant use for one year, both groups had similar speech perception scores. Conclusion The cerebrospinal fluid gusher in Mondini dysplasia should be anticipated and adequately managed intra-operatively. This study highlights the tailoring of a post-implantation rehabilitation programme according to individual needs.

Cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea: does fibrin glue change the surgical outcome?

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (7) ◽  
pp. 582-585
Author(s):  
P B Ganesh ◽  
B M Basavarajaiah ◽  
B A Rudrappa ◽  
S K Kasaragod
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Fibrin Glue ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Rhinorrhoea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Fluid Leak

AbstractObjectiveCerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea takes place when there is a breakdown of the barriers separating the nasal cavity from the subarachnoid space. The aim of this study was to assess the surgical outcomes of endoscopic transnasal cerebrospinal fluid leak repair with and without fibrin glue.MethodThere were 43 patients with cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhoea who underwent surgery for cerebrospinal fluid leak repair between 2014 and 2018. Patients were divided into group A, where fibrin glue was used, and group B, where fibrin glue was not used.ResultsIt was found that 74.4 per cent of cases were due to spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid leak. The most common site of a leak was the cribriform plate (65 per cent). There was a success rate of 96.1 per cent (25 of 26) in group A and 83 per cent (15 of 17) in group B. There was no statistically significant difference between the results of the two groups (chi-square test: p = 0.31).ConclusionThere was no statistically significant difference in the results of cerebrospinal fluid leak repair with and without fibrin glue.

scholarly journals The Presence of Methanol in Alcoholic Beverages Analyzed Using Qualitative Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diah Navianti ◽  
Muhammad Ihsan Tarmizi ◽  
Sinta Nur Holifah
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Method ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Chromotropic Acid ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Alcohol Content ◽  
Group A ◽  
Alcoholic Drinks ◽  
The Government ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Group B

An alcoholic beverage contains ethyl alcohol or ethanol (C2H5OH)that is produced from fermentation or distillation of sugars. In many cases, either producers or consumers add ethanol with denaturated alcohol containing methanol (CH3OH) as an additive. Methanol can cause blindness and induce comas, and it is deadly in high doses. This study aimed at investigating the presence of methanol or methyl alcohol in alcoholic beverages sold in Palembang, Indonesia. Seventeen samples collected from small shops and supermarkets were taken by accidental sampling. A chromotropic acid method was used to examine the presence of methanol. The results showed that there were 18% of the samples was positive, and 82% was negative. Based on alcohol content, the research showed that all (100%) samples of group A were negative; 33% of group B was positive, and 33% of group C was positive. The study indicated that methanol was still present in alcoholic drinks sold in markets. The government should inform the society that denatured alcohol contains methanol and, therefore, should not be feasible to consume.

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