scholarly journals Longitudinal Asthma Patterns in Italian Adult General Population Samples: Host and Environmental Risk Factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 3632
Author(s):  
Sara Maio ◽  
Sandra Baldacci ◽  
Marzia Simoni ◽  
Anna Angino ◽  
Stefania La Grutta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Persistent Asthma ◽  
Asthma Diagnosis ◽  
Longitudinal Patterns ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Passive Smoke

Background: Asthma patterns are not well established in epidemiological studies. Aim: To assess asthma patterns and risk factors in an adult general population sample. Methods: In total, 452 individuals reporting asthma symptoms/diagnosis in previous surveys participated in the AGAVE survey (2011–2014). Latent transition analysis (LTA) was performed to detect baseline and 12-month follow-up asthma phenotypes and longitudinal patterns. Risk factors associated with longitudinal patterns were assessed through multinomial logistic regression. Results: LTA detected four longitudinal patterns: persistent asthma diagnosis with symptoms, 27.2%; persistent asthma diagnosis without symptoms, 4.6%; persistent asthma symptoms without diagnosis, 44.0%; and ex -asthma, 24.1%. The longitudinal patterns were differently associated with asthma comorbidities. Persistent asthma diagnosis with symptoms showed associations with passive smoke (OR 2.64, 95% CI 1.10–6.33) and traffic exposure (OR 1.86, 95% CI 1.02–3.38), while persistent asthma symptoms (without diagnosis) with passive smoke (OR 3.28, 95% CI 1.41–7.66) and active smoke (OR 6.24, 95% CI 2.68–14.51). Conclusions: LTA identified three cross-sectional phenotypes and their four longitudinal patterns in a real-life setting. The results highlight the necessity of a careful monitoring of exposure to active/passive smoke and vehicular traffic, possible determinants of occurrence of asthma symptoms (with or without diagnosis). Such information could help affected patients and physicians in prevention and management strategies.

scholarly journals Mental health and caregiving experiences of family carers supporting people with psychosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sin ◽  
J. Elkes ◽  
R. Batchelor ◽  
C. Henderson ◽  
S. Gillard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
General Population ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Poor Mental Health ◽  
Mental Wellbeing ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Negative Experience

Abstract Aims Family carers supporting an individual with psychosis often experience poorer mental health, however, little is known about specific risk factors among these carers. We investigated the associations between demographic, caregiving characteristics and mental health outcomes in family carers supporting an individual with psychosis and compared carers' outcomes with general population norms. Methods We analysed baseline data from the COPe-support randomised controlled trial of online psychoeducation and peer support for adult carers supporting an individual with psychosis between 2018 and 2020. We collected carers' demographic and health outcome data, including wellbeing using Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS as primary outcome), quality of life using EQ-5D-5L and caregiving experience assessed with Experience of Caregiving Inventory. We tested associations between carers' demographic and caregiving characteristics for each outcome in turn and meta-analysed carers' WEMWBS and EQ-5D-5L with Health Survey England (HSE) general population data from 2016 and 2017, respectively. Results The 407 carers of people with psychosis had a mean WEMWBS score of 42.2 (s.d. 9.21) and their overall weighted pooled WEMWBS score was 7.3 (95% confidence interval (CI) −8.6 to −6.0, p < 0.01) lower than the HSE general population sample, indicating carers have poorer mental wellbeing by more than double the minimum clinically important difference of 3 points on WEMWBS. Among all caring relationships, partners had poorer wellbeing compared to parents with lower WEMWBS score (−6.8, −16.9 to 3.3, p = 0.03). Single carers had significantly poorer wellbeing (−3.6, −5.6 to −1.5, p < 0.01) and a more negative caregiving experience than those who were cohabiting. Spending more than 35 h per week caregiving increased carers' negative experience significantly (p = 0.01). Conclusion Carers of people with psychosis have poorer mental health than non-carers. Partners, lone carers and those spending more than 35 h per week on caring were found to be most at risk of poor mental health. Based on the results, we advocate that the details of carers for individuals with psychosis should be added to the existing carers or severe mental illness registers at all general practitioner surgeries and for their wellbeing screened routinely. Future large-scale prospective studies are needed to develop a predictive model to determine risk factors, hence to aid early identification of carers' support needs. Such understandings are also useful to inform tailored intervention development.

Euthanasia Distress and Fearlessness About Death in German Veterinarians

Crisis ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Heide Glaesmer ◽  
Mahtab Bahramsoltani ◽  
Kathrin Schwerdtfeger ◽  
Lena Spangenberg
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Elevated Risk ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Self Report ◽  
General Population Sample ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Related Risk

Abstract. Background: The elevated risk of suicide in veterinarians is still not well understood, but euthanasia distress and increased fearlessness about death (FAD) have been discussed as specific risk factors. Aims: We investigated German veterinarians to test whether FAD is increased compared with the general population, whether FAD is associated with euthanasia distress, and whether there are differences between different fields in veterinary medicine. Methods: German veterinarians were assessed via self-report instruments and compared with a representative general population sample. There was no difference in FAD. Lower euthanasia distress was significantly associated with higher FAD. Limitations: Although we were able to recruit a large sample of veterinarians, the generalizability is limited by the voluntary nature of participation and the related risk of bias. Results: There was no difference in FAD. Lower euthanasia distress was significantly associated with higher FAD. Conclusion: Although lower euthanasia distress as an indicator of habituation to euthanasia is associated with higher FAD, one cannot assume that increased FAD in veterinarians is a specific risk factor for suicidality in veterinarians.

scholarly journals Emotional impact of health personnel, medical students, and general population samples during COVID-19 pandemic in Lima, Peru: A cross-sectional study.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Pedraz-Petrozzi ◽  
Hever Krüger-Malpartida ◽  
Martin Arevalo-Flores ◽  
Frine Salmavides-Cuba ◽  
Victor Anculle-Arauco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Students ◽  
General Population ◽  
Health Personnel ◽  
Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Emotional Impact ◽  
First Line ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Emotional Effects

Abstract Background: Negative emotional effects were reported in different groups since the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic. However, few studies compare those groups regarding the emotional effects of the COVID-19. To this end, this study's main objective is to compare the emotional effects of the COVID-19 between three different groups, namely health personnel, medical students, and the general population sample.Methods: We recruited 375 participants for this study, of which 125 were medical students (preclinical studies = 59, clinical studies = 66), 125 were health personnel (COVID-19 first-line personnel = 59, personnel not related with COVID-19 = 66), and 125 belonged to the general population. PHQ-9 (depression), GAD-7 (anxiety), and CPDI (COVID-19 related stress) were assessed to measure the emotional impact. A multinomial logistic regression was carried out to measure differences between groups, considering possible confounding factors. Results: Regarding CPDI values, all other groups showed reduced CPDI values compared to COVID-19 first-line personnel. However, the general population, preclinical medical students, and clinical medical students showed increased PHQ-9 values compared to COVID-19 first-line personnel. Finally, confounder factors, gender and age, correlated negatively with higher CPDI and PHQ-9 scores. Conclusions: Being COVID-19 first-line personnel is associated with more stress related to COVID-19. Depression is associated, however, with other groups not directly involved with the treatment of COVID-19 patients. Female and younger age participants correlated with depression and stress related to COVID-19.

scholarly journals Multi-modality biomarkers in the early prediction of ischaemic heart disease in middle-aged men during a 21-year follow-up

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Sakalaki ◽  
Per-Olof Hansson ◽  
Annika Rosengren ◽  
Erik Thunström ◽  
Aldina Pivodic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
General Population ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Predictive Ability ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Hs Crp

Abstract Background Ischaemic heart disease (IHD) often develops after decades of preceding subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. Biomarkers are useful prognostic predictors of IHD, but their long-term predictive value in a general population has not been adequately studied. Purpose To investigate the early predictive value of multi-modality biomarkers in addition to clinical risk factors in incident IHD in a random male general population sample followed from 50 to 71 years of age. Method “The Study of Men Born in 1943” is a longitudinal cohort study during follow-up. All the men underwent a baseline examination in 1993, where a panel of biomarkers were analysed and incident IHD was registered during 21-year follow-ups. Results Of 739 participants, 97 men (13.1%) developed an IHD event. For time to first occurrence of IHD, univariable analyses showed that elevated levels of high sensitivity troponin T (hs-TNT), high sensitivity-C reactive protein (hs-CRP) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were significant predictors of IHD. In addition, a high number of biomarkers with elevated levels (hs-TNT > 10 ng/L, hs-CRP > 1 mg/L, IL-6 > 8 ng/L and N-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) > 100 pg/mL) increased predictive ability. In univariable and multivariable analysis high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) had the highest predictive ability. Hs-TNT provided better predictive ability than smoking, body mass index and glucose, and was an independent significant predictor when adjusted for HDL-C, total cholesterol and hypertension. Addition of biomarkers on top of clinical risk factors provided significantly better prediction as tested by likelihood ratio test (p = 0.033), but did not significantly enhance the model’s discriminative ability However, it appeared contributing to higher sensitivity in the late phase of follow-up. Conclusion In this random, middle-aged male population sample, the addition of biomarker hs-TNT was an independent significant predictor of IHD and significantly improved prediction, indicating the probability of a better prediction of long-term risk of IHD in a low-risk population. Trial registration: The study is registered at Clinical Trials.gov Identifier number: NCT03138122

scholarly journals Interplay of ADHD polygenic liability with birth-related, somatic and psychosocial factors in ADHD - a nationwide study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabell Brikell ◽  
Theresa Wimberley ◽  
Clara Albinana ◽  
Bjarni Johann Vilhjalmsson ◽  
Esben Agerbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
General Population ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Psychosocial Risk Factors ◽  
Psychosocial Risk ◽  
Psychiatric History ◽  
Cox Models ◽  
Associated Risk Factors

Background: ADHD is multifactorial, yet the interplay ADHD polygenic risks scores (ADHD-PRS) and other ADHD associated risk-factors remains relatively unexplored. The aim of this study was to investigate associations, confounding and interactions of ADHD-PRS with birth, somatic and psychosocial risk-factors previously associated with ADHD. Methods: Participants came from the Danish iPSYCH2012 case-cohort, including a randomly selected general population sample (N=21,578), and all ADHD cases with an ICD-10 diagnosis F90.0 (N=13,697), born in Denmark 1981-2005. We derived ADHD-PRS and identified 25 ADHD risk-factors in Danish national registers. Logistic regression was used to estimate associations of ADHD-PRS with each risk-factors in the general population. Cox models were applied in the full case-cohort to evaluate confounding of risk-factor associations by ADHD-PRS and family psychiatry history, and interactions between ADHD-PRS and each risk-factor. Results: ADHD-PRS was associated with 14 out of 25 ADHD risk-factors in the general population, e.g., maternal autoimmune disorder, mild traumatic brain injury (TBI), and most psychosocial risk-factors. In the full case-cohort, 21 risk-factors were associated with ADHD diagnosis. Adjusting for ADHD-PRS and parental psychiatric history only led to minor attenuations of these associations. Interactions were observed between ADHD-PRS and sex, maternal autoimmune disease, TBI, paternal employment and age at child-birth. Conclusion: Higher ADHD-PRS is associated with exposure to certain birth and somatic ADHD risk-factors, and broadly to psychosocial adversity. Evidence of gene-environment interactions were weak and ADHD-PRS and/or family psychiatric history have limited confounding effect on ADHD risk-factor associations, suggesting that majority of the investigated risk-factors act largely independently of ADHD-PRS to increase risk of ADHD.

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