scholarly journals Diagnostic Power of Galectin-3 in Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3312
Author(s):  
Ewa Gruszewska ◽  
Bogdan Cylwik ◽  
Ewa Gińdzieńska-Sieśkiewicz ◽  
Otylia Kowal-Bielecka ◽  
Barbara Mroczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunochemical Method ◽  
Laboratory Marker ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Power

Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the diagnostic power of galectin-3 and compare its between rheumatic diseases and with routinely used tests such as CRP and ESR. Methods: Eighty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 49 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 30 healthy controls. Serum galectin-3 concentration was measured using immunochemical method. Results: The galectin-3 concentration were significantly elevated in the RA, SSc, and SLE in comparison to the controls (p = 0.000, p = 0.000, p < 0.001; respectively). However, there were no significant differences in the serum galectin-3 levels between rheumatic diseases (H = 0.395, p = 0.821). In RA and SSc patients, galectin-3 positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R = 0.332, p = 0.004; R = 0.384, p = 0.009; respectively). ROC analysis revealed that galectin-3 had an excellent diagnostic power in RA (AUC = 0.911) and SSc (AUC = 0.903) and very good for SLE (AUC = 0.859). Conclusion: We concluded that diagnostic power of serum galectin-3 is as great as CRP and ESR in rheumatic diseases and it can be a very good laboratory marker in RA and SSc patients and a useful tool in the diagnosis of SLE.

scholarly journals Galectin-3: A Potential Biomarker of Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gruszewska ◽  
Bogdan Cylwik ◽  
Ewa Gińdzieńska-Sieśkiewicz ◽  
Otylia Kowal-Bielecka ◽  
Barbara Mroczko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Immunochemical Method ◽  
Potential Association ◽  
Potential Biomarker ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Good Laboratory ◽  
Diagnostic Power ◽  
Severity Indexes

Abstract Background: The purpose of our study was to assess the serum galectin-3 level and its potential association with disease activity and severity indexes in patients with rheumatic diseases.Methods: Eighty-two patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), 49 patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc), and 18 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) were enrolled in this study. The control group comprised 30 healthy controls. Galectin-3 concentration in serum was measured using immunochemical method. Results: The galectin-3 concentration were significantly elevated in the RA, SSc and SLE in comparison to the control group (P=0.000, P=0.000, P<0.001; respectively). But there were no significant differences in the serum galectin-3 levels between rheumatic diseases (H=0.395, P=0.821). In RA and SSc patients, galectin-3 positively correlated with erythrocyte sedimentation rate (R=0.332, P=0.004; R=0.384, P=0.009; respectively). The diagnostic accuracy (ACC) of galectin-3 was high in all rheumatic diseases (87.5% for RA, 83.1% for SSc, 81.1% for SLE). ROC analysis revealed that galectin-3 had an excellent diagnostic power in RA (AUC=0.911) and SSc (AUC=0.903) and very good for SLE (AUC=0.859).Conclusions: We concluded that serum galectin-3 due to the high diagnostic power can be a very good laboratory marker in RA and SSc patients and a useful tool in the diagnosis of SLE.

scholarly journals AB0477 OVARIAN RESERVE IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1536.2-1537
Author(s):  
Z. Alekberova ◽  
R. Goloeva ◽  
M. Cherkasova ◽  
A. Lila
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Ovarian Reserve ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Duration ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Background:Access to assays of circulating anti-Mullerian hormone (AMH) levels has opened a new page in the assessment of ovarian function and fertility in various diseases, including rheumatic diseases (RDs). The definition of AMH as a marker of ovarian reserve significantly simplified its interpretation as well as measuring the contribution of the disease itself to the patients’ infertility.Objectives:To evaluate the effects of the disease and it’s treatment on serum AMH levels for Behcet’s disease (BD), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and systemic scleroderma (SSD).Methods:The study included 73 patients with RDs from 18 to 40 years: 42 patients with BD, 12 with SLE, 11 with RA, 8- with SSD, the control group consisted of 15 healthy women. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure AMH levels. Parametric and nonparametric statistical methods of Statistica 8.0 package were used for statistical processing of data.Results:Mean age in BD patients was 30.0 years, in SLE and RA -33.5 years, in SSD - 35.0 years, and 32.0 years in the control group. The average disease duration was 4.5 years, 11.5 years, 4.0 years and 6.0 years, respectively.BD, n=42SLE, n=12RA, n=11SSD, n=8Control, n=15Mean age, years30,0[26;35]33.5[29;38]33,5[24;36]35,0[28;40]32,0[26;35]Average disease duration, years4,5[2,6;9,0]11,5[2,8;18]4,0[4,0;6,0]6,0[2,0-10,0]-Mean AMH level, ng/ml2,5[1,1;3,7]3,5[0,4-7,1]3,35[2,0;7,6]2,5 [0,3;7,1]3,1[1,9;5,4]There were no significant differences in the mean AMH levels between the groups. No association between AMG levels and clinical manifestations, disease activity or duration of rheumatic disease was found. Baseline AMH – in treatment-naïve patients before initiation of any DMARDs was assessed in 11 BD patients. A significant (p>0.05) decrease of AMH levels was established in patients with high SLE activity treated with CP. Of notice, all examined patients were additionally receiving a GEBD -Rituximab.Conclusion:Decreased ovarian function was found in patients with high SLE activity treated with CP with Rituximab.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Invasive aspergillosis in adult patients with rheumatic diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 16-22
Author(s):  
V. I. Mazurov ◽  
A. M. Lila ◽  
O. V. Shadrivova ◽  
M. S. Tonkoshkur ◽  
M. S. Shostak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Failure ◽  
Invasive Aspergillosis ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Underlying Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Objective: to study risk factors for invasive aspergillosis (IA), its etiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment efficiency in patients with rheumatic diseases (RD).Patients and methods. The first study of proven and probable IA (EORT/MSGERC, 2019) was conducted in 18 patients with RD, who accounted for 3% of all adult IA patients (n=699) included in the 1998–2020 registry of the Department of Clinical Mycology, Allergology, and Immunology, I.I. Mechnikov North-Western State Medical University (Group 1). This group comprised 56% women; the median age was 59 [21; 75] years. Group 2 (a comparison group) included 610 adult hematology patients with IA (median age, 45 [18; 79] years; 42% women). A prospective case-control study was conducted to identify risk factors for IA in patients with RD: 36 rheumatic patients without IA (median age, 58 (18–79) years; 61% women) (a control group).Results and discussion. Patients with RD were found to often develop IA in the presence of anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibody-associated vasculitis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis and microscopic polyangiitis) and systemic lupus erythematosus (50 and 16%, respectively). It was shown for the first time that the likelihood of IA in patients with RD increases with prolonged (median 14 days) lymphocytopenia during RD treatment (odds ratio 13.0; 95% confidence interval, 3.3–50.3). The main causative agents of IA were A. fumigatus (50%) and A. niger (29%). IA was more severe in Group 1 than in Group 2: in the resuscitation and intensive care units, there were 44 and 18%, respectively (p=0.01). Group 1 versus Group 2 more frequently had respiratory failure (61 and 37%, respectively; p=0.03), hemoptysis (28 and 7%; p=0.0001), chest pain (17 and 7%; p=0.04), and cardiac involvement (11 and 1%; p=0.0001), and less frequently had fever (67 and 85%; p=0.01). The common site of IA was the lung (83%); the characteristic feature detected by computed tomography (CT) is pulmonary cavitation (44%). Antifungal therapy was used in 89% of Group 1 patients; the overall 12-week survival was 69%.Conclusion. In patients with RD, it is difficult to differentiate between the progression of the underlying disease, adverse drug reactions, infectious complications, or a combination of these disorders due to the similarity of their clinical manifestations. When RD patients with infectious syndrome and respiratory failure develop prolonged lymphocytopenia during combination therapy, AI should be suspected and lung CT, bronchoscopy, and mycological examination of the material obtained by bronchoalveolar lavage be done.

scholarly journals Can we validate a clinical score to predict the risk of severe infection in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus? A longitudinal retrospective study in a British Cohort

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. e028697 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Tejera Segura ◽  
Iñigo Rua-Figueroa ◽  
Jose Maria Pego-Reigosa ◽  
Victor del Campo ◽  
Chris Wincup ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Predictive Value ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Severe Infection ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Care Clinic ◽  
Severe Infections

ObjectiveSevere infections are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Our primary objective was to use data from a large Spanish cohort to develop a risk score for severe infection in SLE, the SLE Severe Infection Score (SLESIS) and to validate SLESIS in a separate cohort of 699 British patients.Design and settingRetrospective longitudinal study in a specialist tertiary care clinic in London, UK.ParticipantsPatients fulfilling international classification criteria for SLE (n=209). This included 98 patients who had suffered severe infections (defined as infection leading to hospitalisation and/or death) and 111 randomly selected patients who had never suffered severe infections.OutcomesWe retrospectively calculated SLESIS at diagnosis for all 209 patients. For the infection cases we also calculated SLESIS just prior to infection and compared it to SLESIS in 98 controls matched for disease duration. We carried out receiver operator characteristic (ROC) analysis to quantify predictive value of SLESIS for severe infection.ResultsMedian SLESIS (IQR) at diagnosis was higher in the infection group than in the control group (4.27 (3.18) vs 2.55 (3.79), p=0.0008). Median SLESIS prior to infection was higher than at diagnosis (6.64 vs 4.27, p<0.001). In ROC analysis, predictive value of SLESIS just before the infection (area under the curve (AUC)=0.79) was higher than that of SLESIS at diagnosis (AUC=0.63).ConclusionsWe validated the association of SLESIS with severe infection in an independent cohort. Calculation of SLESIS at each clinic visit may help in management of infection risk in patients with SLE. Prospective studies are needed to confirm these findings.

P0492ICAM-1 AND VEGF AS BIOMARKERS FOR PREDICTION LUPUS NEPHRITIS FLARE

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Konstantin Chyzh ◽  
Tatyana Ryabceva ◽  
Nikolay Soroka ◽  
Pavel Viarshynin
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Nephritis ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Systemic Disease ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor ◽  
Serum And Urine

Abstract Background and Aims Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is autoimmune systemic disease of the connective tissue and characterized by the development of severe complications associated with damage to vital organs, in particular the kidneys. One of the important issues is an adequate assessment of the current activity and the objective prediction of the lupus nephritis (LN) flare. For this purpose molecular biomarkers are being searched. The work aim is the analyzing role of the intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the serum and urine of patients with SLE as a biomarker for lupus nephritis flare. Method The study group consisted of patients with SLE with LN (n = 23). The control group included patients with SLE without renal pathology (n = 13). The concentration of ICAM-1 and VEGF molecules was determined in blood serum and urine by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results The median concentration of ICAM-1in serum in patients with LN is 822.41 (580.50; 1300.95) ng/ml. That is two times higher than this indicator in the control group (378.97 (356.47; 439.52) ng/ml). The concentration of the VEGF molecule in serum in the group of LN is 91.99 (74.18; 132.58) ng/ml. That is three times higher than in the control group (31.13 (22.32; 132.58) ng/ml). An increase in the blood serum concentration of patients with SLE ICAM ≥577.7 ng/ml will indicate the presence of LN with a sensitivity of 82.61% and a specificity of 83.33%. ROC analysis showed the AUC coefficient is 0.927 (p = 0.0001). An increase in the blood serum in VEGF concentration of ≥66.43 ng/ml in patients with SLE will indicate the presence of LN with a sensitivity of 80.00% and a specificity of 83.33%. ROC analysis showed that the AUC coefficient is 0.916 (p = 0.006). Conclusion The results allow to conclude that it is possible to use the ICAM and VEGF concentration in serum and urine as early molecular markers of the LN and LN flare in patients with SLE.

scholarly journals The Phenotype and Secretory Activity of Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells (ASCs) of Patients with Rheumatic Diseases

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 1659 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Kuca-Warnawin ◽  
Urszula Skalska ◽  
Iwona Janicka ◽  
Urszula Musiałowicz ◽  
Krzysztof Bonek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Tgf Β1 ◽  
Necrosis Factor

Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) have immunosuppressive and regenerative properties. Adipose tissue is an alternative source of MSCs, named adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ASCs). Because the biology of ASCs in rheumatic diseases (RD) is poorly understood, we performed a basic characterization of RD/ASCs. The phenotype and expression of adhesion molecules (intracellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM)-1) on commercially available healthy donors (HD), ASC lines (n = 5) and on ASCs isolated from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE, n = 16), systemic sclerosis (SSc, n = 17) and ankylosing spondylitis (AS, n = 16) were analyzed by flow cytometry. The secretion of immunomodulatory factors by untreated and cytokine-treated ASCs was measured by ELISA. RD/ASCs have reduced basal levels of CD90 and ICAM-1 expression, correlated with interleukin (IL)-6 and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 release, respectively. Compared with HD/ASCs, untreated and tumour necrosis factor (TNF) + interferon (IFN)-γ (TI)-treated RD/ASCs produced similar amounts of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), IL-6, leukemia inhibiting factor (LIF), and TGF-β1, more IL-1Ra, soluble human leukocyte antigen G (sHLA-G) and tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene (TSG)-6, but less kynurenines and galectin-3. Basal secretion of galectin-3 was inversely correlated with the patient’s erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) value. IFN-α and IL-23 slightly raised galectin-3 release from SLE/ASCs and AS/ASCs, respectively. TGF-β1 up-regulated PGE2 secretion by SSc/ASCs. In conclusion, RD/ASCs are characterized by low basal levels of CD90 and ICAM-1 expression, upregulated secretion of IL-1Ra, TSG-6 and sHLA-G, but impaired release of kynurenines and galectin-3. These abnormalities may modify biological activities of RD/ASCs.

scholarly journals AB1218 MATERNAL-FETAL MORBIDITY AND MORTALITY AMONG PREGNANT PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES IN THE CLINIC OF PREGNANCY AND ARTHRITIS OF THE SALVADORAN SOCIAL SECURITY INSTITUTE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1900.2-1901
Author(s):  
R. I. López ◽  
R. Montufar ◽  
D. Alpizar-Rodriguez
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Pregnancy Outcomes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Social Security Institute

Background:Connective tissue diseases are more frequent among women in childbearing age. In the past, it was not recommended for these women to get pregnant because of the risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes.Objectives:The aim of this study is to compare the morbidity and mortality between pregnant patients with rheumatic diseases and pregnant patients without rheumatic diseases in El Salvador.Methods:A case control study was conducted atthe Clinic of Pregnancy and Arthritisand the1° de Mayo Hospital, both centers belong to theSalvadoran Social Security Institute. Clinical files were reviewed retrospectively and some of the data were collected during the clinical visit to each center. We included pregnant patients with rheumatic diseases of the Clinic of Pregnancy and Arthritis; the control group was randomly selected with a ratio 1:1 within pregnant patients without rheumatic diseases of the 1° de Mayo Hospital, between January 2016 and June 2019. A complication was defined as any event that required hospital admission. We used logistic regression to analyze univariable and multivariable associations to compare pregnancy outcomes between groups.Results:During the study period, 230 patients were randomly included in both, the study group and the control group, with a ratio 1:1. The mean age for the study group was 32 (27-35) years, which was relatively older than the control group, 28 (24-32) years. The mean pregnancy among both groups was 2 per patient. The most common rheumatic diseases in the study group were Rheumatoid arthritis (39.1%), Antiphospholipid Syndrome (31.3%) and Generalized Lupus Erythematosus (20%). The average visit to the Rheumatologist during pregnancy in the study group was 3.2. The visits started at a mean of 15.2 + 7.6 weeks of gestational age.Thirty three point nine percent (33.9%) of the study group presented complications during pregnancy (vs 20.9%). Among the patients who presented complications, 9 of them (7.8%) had more than one complication during pregnancy. There were 44.3% cesarean deliveries in the study group compared with 22.6% in the control group, OR 2.1 (1.5-4.8) p=0.001. There were 16% of preterm deliveries between 34-37 weeks of gestational age in the study group compared to 10% in the control group, OR 2.2 (0.9-4.8) p=0.063. Preterm deliveries before 34 weeks of gestational age in the study group were 18% compared to 3% in the control group, OR 6.9 (2.3-20-9) p=0.001. There were 6 cases of spontaneous abortion in the study group and none in the control group. Thirty four percent (34%) of cases with low birth weight (<2.5kg) were found in the study group compared to 14% in the control group, OR 3.4 (1.6-6.1) p=0.001.Conclusion:The most common rheumatic diseases among pregnant patients were Rheumatoid Arthritis, Antiphospholipid syndrome and Generalized Lupus Erythematosus.Having a rheumatic disease was more associated with cesarean delivery, preterm delivery between 34 and 37 weeks of gestational age, and low birth weight.References:[1]M. Gayed, C. Gordon. Pregnancy and rheumatic diseases. Rheumatology 2007;46:1634–1640.[2]Y A de Man, et al. Annals of Rheumatic Diseases. 2008. 10.1136Disclosure of Interests:None declared

Rorschach Characteristics in Adolescents with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2006 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 100-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Santoantonio ◽  
L. Yazigi ◽  
E. I. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Case Control Study ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Female Adolescents ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Control Study

The purpose of this study was to investigate the personality characteristics in adolescents with SLE. The research design is a case-control study by means of the Rorschach Method and the Wechsler Intelligence Scale. Study group: 30 female adolescents with lupus, 12–17 years of age. The SLE Disease Activity Index was administered during the period of psychological evaluation. Control group: 32 nonpatient adolescents were matched for age, sex, and socioeconomic level. In the Wechsler Intelligence Scale the mean IQ of the experimental group was significantly lower than that of the control group (77 and 98, respectively, p < .001). In the Rorschach, the lupus patients showed greater difficulty in interpersonal interactions, although they displayed the resources to process affect and to cope with stressful situations. A positive moderate correlation (p = .069) between the activity index of the disease and the affect constriction proportion of the Rorschach was observed: the higher the SLEDAI score, the lower the capacity to process affect. There is a negative correlation between the activity index of the disease and the IQ (p = .001): with a higher activity index of the disease, less intellectual resources are available.

Risk of Depression in Adolescents and Young Adults with Rheumatic Diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
Anna Kostiukow ◽  
Wojciech Strzelecki ◽  
Mateusz W. Romanowski ◽  
Marta Rosołek ◽  
Ewa Mojs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Young People ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Energy Levels ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Adolescents And Young Adults ◽  
Control Group

Introduction: The study is aimed at drawing the attention of the medical environment to the mental health aspects of young patients as a factor that significantly influences the efficiency of their rheumatic disease treatment. Aim: This paper is to check the risk of depression among a group of adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases. Material and Methods: The study was conducted among a group of 68 late adolescents and young adults (18-22 years old) with rheumatic diseases. The control group consisted of 102 young people (18-22 years old) without a diagnosed chronic disease. Risk of depression was measured using a screening tool – the Kutcher Adolescent Depression Scale (KADS). Results: The analysis showed that the probability of depression in the study group was 35.3%. In the control group, this rate was 19.6%. The results were statistical significance (p=0.028). Conclusions: The results of this study prove that the risk of depression among adolescents and young adults with rheumatic diseases is significantly higher than in healthy young people. The highest risk of depression is related to feeling tired, fatigue, low energy levels and lack of motivation as well as feeling worried, nervous, panicky, tense, keyed-up and anxious.

Impact of markers of endothelial injury and hypercoagulability on systemic lupus erythematosus

Lupus ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 182-190
Author(s):  
W Batista Cicarini ◽  
R C Figueiredo Duarte ◽  
K Silvestre Ferreira ◽  
C de Mello Gomes Loures ◽  
R Vargas Consoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Disease Activity ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Endothelial Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

We have explored the relationship between possible hemostatic changes and clinical manifestation of the systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a function of greater or lesser disease activity according to Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index-2000 (SLEDAI-2K) criteria. Endothelial injury and hypercoagulability were investigated in patients with SLE by measuring thrombomodulin (TM), D-dimer (DDi) and thrombin generation (TG) potential. A total of 90 participants were distributed into three groups: 1) women with SLE presenting with low disease activity (laSLE) (SLEDAI-2K ≤ 4), 2) women with SLE presenting with moderate to high disease activity (mhaSLE) (SLEDAI-2K > 4), and 3) a control group comprising healthy women. Levels of TM and DDi were higher both in the laSLE and mhaSLE groups compared to controls and in mhaSLE compared to the laSLE group. With respect to TG assay, lagtime and endogen thrombin potential, low concentrations of tissue factor provided the best results for discrimination among groups. Analysis of these data allow us to conclude that TM, DDi and TG are potentially useful markers for discriminating patients with very active from those with lower active disease. Higher SLE activity may cause endothelial injury, resulting in higher TG and consequently a hypercoagulability state underlying the picture of thrombosis common in this inflammatory disease.

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