scholarly journals Atrial Substrate Underlies the Recurrence after Catheter Ablation in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3164
Author(s):  
Yong-Soo Baek ◽  
Jong-Il Choi ◽  
Yun Gi Kim ◽  
Kwang-No Lee ◽  
Seung-Young Roh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Index Procedure ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Circumferential Pulmonary Vein Isolation

Prediction of recurrences after catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF) remains challenging. We sought to investigate the long-term outcomes after AF catheter ablation. A total of 2221 consecutive patients who underwent catheter ablation for symptomatic AF were included in this study (mean age 55 ± 11 years, 20.3% women, and 59.0% paroxysmal AF). Extensive ablation, in addition to circumferential pulmonary vein isolation, was more often accomplished in patients with non-paroxysmal AF than in those with paroxysmal AF (87.4% vs. 25.3%, p < 0.001). During a median follow-up of 54 months, sinus rhythm (SR) was maintained in 67.1% after index procedure. After redo procedures in 418 patients, 83.3% exhibited SR maintenance. Recurrence rates were similar for single and multiple procedures (17.4% vs. 16.7%, p = 0.765). Subanalysis showed that the extent of late gadolinium enhancement (LGE), as assessed by cardiac magnetic resonance, is greater in patients with recurrence than in those without recurrence (36.2 ± 23.9% vs. 21.8 ± 13.7%, p < 0.001). Cox-regression analysis revealed that non-paroxysmal AF (hazard ratio (HR) 2.238, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.905–2.629, p < 0.001), overweight (HR 1.314, 95% CI 1.107–1.559, p = 0.020), left atrium dimension ≥ 45 mm (HR 1.284, 95% CI 1.085–1.518, p = 0.004), AF duration (HR 1.020 per year, 95% CI 1.006–1.034, p = 0.004), and LGE ≥ 25% (HR 1.726, 95% CI 1.330–2.239, p < 0.001) are significantly associated with AF recurrence after catheter ablation. This study showed that repeated catheter ablation improves the clinical outcomes of patients with non-paroxysmal AF, suggesting that AF substrate based on LGE may underpin the mechanism of recurrence after catheter ablation.

scholarly journals Evaluation of different late left ventricular remodeling definitions for predicting long-term outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention

2021 ◽  
Vol 42 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Zhang ◽  
X Xie ◽  
C He ◽  
X Lin ◽  
M Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Left Ventricular Remodeling ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Long Term Mortality

Abstract Background Late left ventricular remodeling (LLVR) after the index acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a common complication, and is associated with poor outcome. However, the optimal definition of LLVR has been debated because of its different incidence and influence on prognosis. At present, there are limited data regarding the influence of different LLVR definitions on long-term outcomes in AMI patients undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Purpose To explore the impact of different definitions of LLVR on long-term mortality, re-hospitalization or an urgent visit for heart failure, and identify which definition was more suitable for predicting long-term outcomes in AMI patients undergoing PCI. Methods We prospectively observed 460 consenting first-time AMI patients undergoing PCI from January 2012 to December 2018. LLVR was defined as a ≥20% increase in left ventricular end-diastolic volume (LVEDV), or a &gt;15% increase in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) from the initial presentation to the 3–12 months follow-up, or left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) &lt;50% at follow up. These parameters of the cardiac structure and function were measuring through the thoracic echocardiography. The association of LLVR with long-term prognosis was investigated by Cox regression analysis. Results The incidence rate of LLVR was 38.1% (n=171). The occurrence of LLVR according to LVESV, LVEDV and LVEF definition were 26.6% (n=117), 31.9% (n=142) and 11.5% (n=51), respectively. During a median follow-up of 2 years, after adjusting other potential risk factors, multivariable Cox regression analysis revealed LLVR of LVESV definition [hazard ratio (HR): 2.50, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.19–5.22, P=0.015], LLVR of LVEF definition (HR: 16.46, 95% CI: 6.96–38.92, P&lt;0.001) and LLVR of Mix definition (HR: 5.86, 95% CI: 2.45–14.04, P&lt;0.001) were risk factors for long-term mortality, re-hospitalization or an urgent visit for heart failure. But only LLVR of LVEF definition was a risk predictor for long-term mortality (HR: 6.84, 95% CI: 1.98–23.65, P=0.002). Conclusions LLVR defined by LVESV or LVEF may be more suitable for predicting long-term mortality, re-hospitalization or an urgent visit for heart failure in AMI patients undergoing PCI. However, only LLVR defined by LVEF could be used for predicting long-term mortality. FUNDunding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None. Association Between LLVR and outcomes Kaplan-Meier Estimates of the Mortality

P1885Cha2ds-2vasc score lacks of ability to predict mortality in patients attending the emergency department with atrial fibrillation in the presence of troponin i

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M I Gonzalez Del Hoyo ◽  
G Cediel ◽  
A Carrasquer ◽  
G Bonet ◽  
K Vasquez-Nunez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Emergency Department ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background CHA2DS2-VASc score has been used as a surrogate marker for predicting outcomes beyond thromboembolic risk in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Likewise, cardiac troponin I (cTnI) is a predictor of mortality in AF. Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association of cTnI and CHA2DS2-VASc score with long-term prognosis in patients admitted to the emergency department with AF. Methods A retrospective cohort study conducted between January 2012 and December 2013, enrolling patients admitted to the emergency department with AF and having documented cTnI measurements. CHA2DS2-VASc score was estimated. Primary endpoint was 5-year all-cause mortality, readmission for heart failure (HF), readmission for myocardial infarction (MI) and the composite end point of major adverse cardiac events defined as death, readmission for HF or readmission for MI (MACE). Results A total of 578 patients with AF were studied, of whom 252 patients had elevated levels of cTnI (43.6%) and 334 patients had CHA2DS2-VASc score >3 (57.8%). Patients with elevated cTnI tended to be oldercompared with those who did not have cTnI elevation and were more frequently comorbid and of higher ischemic risk, including hypertension, prior MI, prior HF, chronic renal failure and peripheral artery disease. The overall median CHA2DS2-VASc score was higher in those with cTnI elevation compared to those patients elevated cTnI levels (4.2 vs 3.3 points, p<0.001). Main diagnoses at hospital discharge were tachyarrhythmia 30.3%, followed by heart failure 17.7%, respiratory infections 9.5% and acute coronary syndrome 7.3%. At 5-year follow-up, all-cause death was significantly higher for patients with cTnI elevation compared with those who did not have cTnI elevation (56.4% vs. 27%; logrank test p<0.001). Specifically, for readmissions for HF and readmissions for MI there were no differences in between patients with or without cTnI elevation. In addition, MACE was reached in 165 patients (65.5%) with cTnI elevation, compare to 126 patients (38.7%) without cTnI elevation (p<0.001). On multivariable Cox regression analysis, cTnI elevation was an independent predictor of all-cause death (hazard ratio, 1.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.24–2.26, p=0.001) and of MACE (hazard ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval 1.15–1.88; P=0.002), but it did not reach statistical significance for readmissions for MI and readmissions for HF. CHA2DS2-VASc score was a predictor on univariate Cox regression analysis for each endpoint, but it did not reach significance on multivariable Cox regression analysis for any endpoint. Conclusions cTnI is independently associated with long-term all-cause mortality in patients attending the emergency department with AF. cTnI compared to CHA2DS2-VASc score is thus a biomarker with predictive capacity for mortality in late follow-up, conferring utility in the risk stratification of patients with atrial fibrillation.

Long-Term Outcomes and Safety of Continuous Lenalidomide Plus Dexamethasone (Len+Dex) Treatment in Patients (Pts) with Relapsed or Refractory Multiple Myeloma (RRMM)

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 2929-2929 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meletios Athanasios Dimopoulos ◽  
Mohamad Hussein ◽  
Arlene S Swern ◽  
Donna M. Weber
Keyword(s):  
Dose Reduction ◽  
Median Duration ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Β2 Microglobulin ◽  
Grade 3

Abstract Abstract 2929 Background: Two pivotal phase 3 trials (MM-009 and MM-010) randomized 704 pts to assess Len+Dex vs placebo plus dexamethasone (Dex) in RRMM. The results demonstrated the significant overall survival (OS) benefit of Len+Dex vs Dex (38.0 vs 31.6 mos; p =.045) despite crossover of 48% of Dex pts to the Len+Dex arm at unblinding or progression (Dimopoulos MA et al. Leukemia 2009;23 :2147-52). This is an analysis of the long-term outcomes and safety of continuous Len+Dex treatment. Methods: This retrospective analysis pooled pts treated with Len+Dex in MM-009 and MM-010, with a median follow-up of 48 mos for surviving pts. A subset of pts with progression-free survival (PFS) of ≥ 2 yrs was selected. Prognostic factors for PFS within this subgroup of pts were identified by incorporating all baseline covariates with a univariate p <.15 into multivariate Cox regression analyses, and all possible models were fitted using SAS 9.2. Adverse event (AE) management and dosing for pts with PFS ≥ 2 yrs was compared with that for all pts treated with Len+Dex in order to evaluate if differences in pt management could contribute to better clinical outcomes. Incidence rates for AEs were calculated using person-yrs of follow-up. Data from pts who received Len+Dex in MM-009 (up to July 23, 2008) and MM-010 (up to March 2, 2008) were included in this analysis. Results: Among all pts treated with Len+Dex (N = 353), a total of 64 pts (18%) achieved PFS ≥ 2 yrs. For these 64 pts, median age was 61 yrs (range 33–81 yrs), 48% received > 1 prior therapy, and 57% had β2-microglobulin levels of ≥ 2.5mg/L. All these pts achieved a ≥ partial response (PR), including 67% with a ≥ very good PR and 50% with a complete response. Median time to first response was 2.8 mos (range 1.9–18.2 mos) which is comparable to that of all pts treated with Len+Dex. Median duration of response was not reached vs 15.5 mos, respectively. With median follow-up of 49 mos, the 3-yr OS is 94% (95% confidence interval [CI] 88.06–99.94). In a multivariate Cox regression analysis, shorter PFS was predicted with higher baseline β2-microglobulin level (hazard ratio [HR] 1.07; 95% CI 1.02–1.12) and lower hemoglobin (HR 0.91; 95% CI 0.84–0.99), as well as a higher number of prior therapies (HR 1.18; 95% CI 1.02–1.37). The median duration of treatment was longer among pts with PFS ≥ 2 yrs vs all pts treated with Len+Dex (46.2 mos [range 11.3–58.3] vs 9.8 mos [range 3.8–24], respectively). A higher proportion of these pts had a dose reduction within 12 mos after start of therapy vs all pts treated with Len+Dex (57% vs 24%, respectively). Dex dose was reduced in 27% of pts with PFS ≥ 2 yrs. Among pts without Len dose reduction, 31% had Dex dose reduction within the first 4 cycles. Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor was administered for the management of neutropenia in 39% of pts with PFS ≥ 2 yrs vs 25% of all pts treated with Len+Dex. Low discontinuation rates due to AEs were observed in both groups (12.5% vs 18.7%, respectively). The incidence rates per 100 person-yrs for grade 3–4 AEs among pts with PFS ≥ 2 yrs vs all pts treated with Len+Dex (N = 353) were, respectively: neutropenia (14.9 vs 29), febrile neutropenia (0.9 vs 2.3), thrombocytopenia (2.6 vs 10.2), anemia (4.4 vs 9.5), infection (11.8 vs 20.9), deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (2.2 vs 8.9), fatigue (2.2 vs 5.5), neuropathy (1.8 vs 3.4), and gastrointestinal disorders (5.3 vs 9.7). The incidence rates per 100 person-yrs for second primary malignancies (SPMs) were similar to that of all pts treated with Len+Dex, respectively: myelodysplastic syndromes (0 vs 0.4), solid tumor (1.8 vs 1.3), and non-melanoma skin cancer (2.3 vs 2.4). These rates are comparable to those expected in people aged > 50 yrs generally (1.4 per 100 person-yrs) (Altekruse SF et al. SEER Cancer Statistics Review, 1975–2007). Conclusions: Long-term continuous therapy with Len+Dex has demonstrated efficacy and is generally well tolerated in pts with RRMM. Overall, 18% of patients treated with Len+Dex achieve a PFS of > 2 yrs. No increase in SPMs was observed with long term Len+Dex therapy. With appropriate AE management, the incidence rates of grade 3–4 AEs remain low. This analysis demonstrates the value of AE management and the need for appropriate dose-adjustment to maintain tolerability, allowing pts to remain on therapy for maximal benefit. Disclosures: Dimopoulos: Celgene Corporation: Consultancy, Honoraria. Hussein:Celgene Corporation: Employment. Swern:Celgene Corporation: Employment. Weber:Celgene Corporation: Honoraria, Research Funding.

P5656Heart failure clinical phenotypes and outcomes in patients with atrial fibrillation: an analysis from the eurobservational research programme in atrial fibrillation long-term general registry

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
M Proietti ◽  
C Laroche ◽  
A Tello-Montoliu ◽  
R Lenarczyk ◽  
G A Dan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Abstract Introduction Heart failure (HF) is a well-known risk factor for atrial fibrillation (AF). Moreover, HF is associated with worse clinical outcomes in patients with known AF. Recently, phenotypes of HF have been redefined according to the level of ejection fraction (EF). New data are needed to understand if a differential risk for outcomes exists according to the new phenotypes' definitions. Purpose To evaluate the risk of major adverse outcomes in patients with AF and HF according to HF clinical phenotypes. Methods We performed a subgroup analysis of AF patients enrolled in the EORP-AF Long-Term General Registry with a history of HF at baseline, available EF and follow-up data. Patients were categorized as follows: i) EF<40%, i.e. HF reduced EF [HFrEF]; ii) EF 40–49%, i.e. HF mid-range EF [HFmrEF]; iii) EF ≥50%, i.e. HF preserved EF [HFpEF]. Any thromboembolic event (TE)/acute coronary syndrome (ACS)/cardiovascular (CV) death, CV death and all-cause death were recorded. Results A total of 3409 patients were included in this analysis: of these, 907 (26.6%) had HFrEF, 779 (22.9%) had HFmrEF and 1723 (50.5%) had HFpEF. An increasing proportion with CHA2DS2-VASc ≥2 was found across the three groups: 90.4% in HFrEF, 94.6% in HFmrEF and 97.3% in HFpEF (p<0.001), while lower proportions of HAS-BLED ≥3 were seen (28.0% in HFrEF, 26.3% in HFmrEF and 23.6% in HFpEF, p=0.035). At discharge patients with HFpEF were less likely treated with antiplatelet drugs (22.0%) compared to other classes and were less prescribed with vitamin K antagonists (VKA) (57.0%) and with any oral anticoagulant (OAC) (85.7%). No differences were found in terms of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulant use. At 1-year follow-up, a progressively lower rate for all study outcomes (all p<0.001), with an increasing cumulative survival, was found across the three groups, with patients with HFpEF having better survival (all p<0.0001 for Kaplan-Meier curves). After full adjustment, Cox regression analysis showed that compared to HFrEF, HFmrEF and HFpEF were associated with risk of all study outcomes (Table). Cox Regression Analysis HR (95% CI) Any TE/ACS/CV Death CV Death All-Cause Death HFmrEF 0.65 (0.49–0.86) 0.53 (0.38–0.74) 0.55 (0.41–0.74) HFpEF 0.50 (0.39–0.64) 0.42 (0.31–0.56) 0.45 (0.35–0.59) ACS = Acute Coronary Syndrome; CI = Confidence Interval; CV = Cardiovascular; EF = Ejection Fraction; HF = Heart Failure; HR = Hazard Ratio. Conclusions In this cohort of AF patients with HF, HFpEF was the most common phenotype, being associated with a profile related to an increased thromboembolic risk. Compared to HFrEF, both HFmrEF and HFpEF were associated with a lower risk of all major adverse outcomes in AF patients.

scholarly journals The Long-Term Results of Three Catheter Ablation Methods in Patients With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: A 4-Year Follow-Up Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ling You ◽  
Xiaohong Zhang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Lianxia Wang ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Catheter Ablation ◽  
Left Atrial ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Postoperative Recurrence ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Maintenance Rate

Aims: Catheter ablation of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) has been shown to be effective and safe. However, recurrence of PAF varies between 10 and 30% for radiofrequency ablation. There have been no reports comparing long-term recurrence rates following radiofrequency ablation, cryoablation, and three-dimensional guided cryoablation plus radiofrequency ablation. The aim of this study was to observe the long-term recurrence rate of PAF when treated by these three catheter ablation methods, and to explore clinical factors that can potentially predict PAF recurrence following catheter ablation.Methods: There were 238 patients involved in this study, including 106 radiofrequency (RF) ablation cases (RF group), 66 cryoablation cases (Freeze group), and 66 cases treated by three-dimensional guided cryoablation combined with radiofrequency ablation (Freeze-plus-RF group). All patients underwent standardized follow-up. The recurrence rate of atrial fibrillation (AF) in the three groups was calculated. Predictive factors for the recurrence of AF were also investigated.Results: At 48 months (the median follow-up period), the sinus rhythm maintenance rate was 77.4% in the RF group, 72.7% in the Freeze group, and 81.8% in the Freeze-plus-RF group. The maintenance rate of sinus rhythm was highest in the Freeze-plus-RF group, but differences among the three groups were not statistically significant. Further analysis found that the preoperative left atrial appendage emptying velocity (LAAEV) (recurrence vs. no recurrence, 56.58 ± 18.37 vs. 65.59 ± 18.83, respectively, p = 0.003), left atrial (LA) anteroposterior dimension (recurrence vs. no recurrence, 36.56 ± 4.65 vs. 35.00 ± 4.37, respectively; p = 0.028), and LA vertical dimension (recurrence vs. no recurrence, 56.31 ± 6.96 vs. 53.72 ± 6.52, respectively; p = 0.035) were related to postoperative recurrence. Multiple Cox regression analysis showed that only LAAEV was predictive of postoperative recurrence of PAF (hazard ratio: 0.979; 95% confidence interval: 0.961–0.997).Conclusion: Our study found that there was no statistically significant difference in long-term recurrence rates among the RF, Freeze, and Freeze-plus-RF groups. Preoperative LAAEV is an independent predictor of postoperative recurrence of PAF.

scholarly journals Long-Term Outcomes of IgG4-Related Ophthalmic Disease in a Chinese IgG4-Related Disease Cohort

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linyang Gan ◽  
Xuan Luo ◽  
Yunyun Fei ◽  
Linyi Peng ◽  
Jiaxin Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Combination Therapy ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Ocular Lesions ◽  
Ophthalmic Disease ◽  
Risk Of Relapse

Purpose: To define the treatment response and long-term outcomes of a large IgG4-related ophthalmic disease (IgG4-ROD) cohort.Methods: A total of 132 patients with a minimum follow-up of 1 year were included in this study. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were collected. Treatment response was assessed by the IgG4-RD responder index (IgG4-RD RI). Risk factors for relapse were analyzed with the multivariate Cox regression analysis.Results: The median follow-up time was 39 months. Lacrimal gland involvement was detected in 87.9% of cases. Extraocular muscles, the trigeminal nerve, and other soft tissue were affected in 25.8, 6.1, and 18.2% of patients. The relapse rate of watchful waiting, glucocorticoid monotherapy, immunosuppressant monotherapy, and combination therapy was 50.0, 51.7, 50.0, and 26.7% (p = 0.038), respectively. The combination therapy group exhibited shorter glucocorticoids therapy duration (36 vs. 48 months, p = 0.009) and maintenance period (24 vs. 42 months, p = 0.003). At the 6th month, the median IgG4-RD RI declined from 12 to 1 and 105 (79.5%) patients achieved complete response (CR). Relapse occurred in 49 (37.1%) patients. The multivariate Cox regression analysis exhibited that CR at the 6th month was an independent protective factor for relapse. Patients with multiple ocular lesions suffered from a higher risk of relapse. No patient had severe adverse reactions to the treatment in this study.Conclusion: Relapse was common in patients with IgG4-ROD. Patients receiving combination therapy showed a lower relapse rate and a shorter glucocorticoids therapy period. The presence of multiple ocular lesions was associated with a higher risk of relapse. CR at the 6th month might be a predictor for a better prognosis in IgG4-ROD. Thus, a more aggressive regimen should be prescribed for patients with a poor initial response.

Association between antithrombotic treatment and outcomes at 1-year follow-up in patients with atrial fibrillation: the EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry

EP Europace ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 1013-1022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Boriani ◽  
Marco Proietti ◽  
Cécile Laroche ◽  
Laurent Fauchier ◽  
Francisco Marin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Vitamin K Antagonist ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Aims In recent years, stroke prevention in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) has radically changed, with increasing use of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants (NOACs). Contemporary European data on AF thromboprophylaxis are needed. Methods and results We report 1-year follow-up data from the EURObservational Research Programme in Atrial Fibrillation (EORP-AF) General Long-Term Registry. Outcomes were assessed according to antithrombotic therapy. At 1-year follow-up, 9663 (88.0%) patients had available data for analysis: 586 (6.1%) were not treated with any antithrombotic; 681 (7.0%) with antiplatelets only; 4066 (42.1%) with vitamin K antagonist (VKA) only; 3167 (32.8%) with NOACs only; and 1163 (12.0%) with antiplatelet and oral anticoagulant. At 1-year follow-up, there was a low rate of stroke (0.7%) and any thromboembolic event (TE) (1.2%), while haemorrhagic events occurred in 222 patients (2.3%). Cardiovascular (CV) death and all-cause death occurred in 3.9% and 5.2% of patients, respectively. Cumulative survival for all the three main outcomes considered was highest amongst patients treated only with NOACs (P &lt; 0.0001). Multivariable-adjusted Cox regression analysis found that VKA or NOACs use was independently associated with a lower risk for any TE/acute coronary syndrome/CV death, while all treatments were independently associated with a lower risk for CV death and all-cause death. Conclusion The 1-year follow-up of EORP-AF General Long-Term Registry reported a low occurrence of thromboembolic and haemorrhagic events, although mortality was high. Both VKA and NOACs were associated with a lower risk of all main adverse outcomes. All treatments were associated with a lower risk for CV death and all-cause death.

scholarly journals Low-Blood Lymphocyte Number and Lymphocyte Decline as Key Factors in COPD Outcomes: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Respiration ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Umberto Semenzato ◽  
Davide Biondini ◽  
Erica Bazzan ◽  
Mariaenrica Tiné ◽  
Elisabetta Balestro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cox Regression ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Cox Regression Analysis ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Multiple Samples ◽  
Over Time

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Smokers with and without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are at risk of severe outcomes like exacerbations, cancer, respiratory failure, and decreased survival. The mechanisms for these outcomes are unclear; however, there is evidence that blood lymphocytes (BL) number might play a role. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> The objective of this study is to investigate the relationship between BL and their possible decline over time with long-term outcomes in smokers with and without COPD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> In 511 smokers, 302 with COPD (COPD) and 209 without COPD (noCOPD), followed long term, we investigated whether BL number and BL decline over time might be associated with long-term outcomes. Smokers were divided according to BL number in high-BL (≥1,800 cells/µL) and low-BL (&#x3c;1,800 cells/µL). Clinical features, cancer incidence, and mortality were recorded during follow-up. BL count in multiple samples and BL decline over time were calculated and related to outcomes. <b><i>Results:</i></b> BL count was lower in COPD (1,880 cells/µL) than noCOPD (2,300 cells/µL; <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). 43% of COPD and 23% of noCOPD had low-BL count (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.001). BL decline over time was higher in COPD than noCOPD (<i>p</i> = 0.040). 22.5% of the whole cohort developed cancer which incidence was higher in low-BL subjects and in BL decliners than high-BL (31 vs. 18%; <i>p</i> = 0.001) and no decliners (32 vs. 19%; <i>p</i> = 0.002). 26% in the cohort died during follow-up. Furthermore, low-BL count, BL decline, and age were independent risk factors for mortality by Cox regression analysis. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> BL count and BL decline are related to worse outcomes in smokers with and without COPD, which suggests that BL count and decline might play a mechanistic role in outcomes deterioration. Insights into mechanisms inducing the fall in BL count could improve the understanding of COPD pathogenesis and point toward new therapeutic measures.

Risk scoring by CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc as predictors for long-term outcomes after surgical ablation for atrial fibrillation

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
D Lauritzen ◽  
H.J Vodstrup ◽  
T.D Christensen ◽  
M Onat ◽  
R Christensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Cardiac Surgery ◽  
Isolation Procedure ◽  
Survival Times ◽  
Long Term Outcomes ◽  
Surgical Ablation ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Risk Scoring

Abstract Background Following catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation (AF), CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc have utility in predicting long-term outcomes. However, it is currently unknown if the same holds for patients undergoing surgical ablation. Purpose To determine whether CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc predict long-term outcomes after surgical ablation in concomitance with other cardiac surgery. Methods In this prospective, follow-up study, we included patients who underwent biatrial ablation - or pulmonary vein isolation procedure concomitantly with other cardiac surgery between 2004 and 2018. CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were assessed prior to surgery and categorized in groups as 0–1, 2–4 or ≥5. Outcomes were death, AF, and AF-related death. Follow-up was ended in April 2019. Results A total of 587 patients with a mean age of 68.7±0.4 years were included. Both CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores were predictors of survival p=0.005 and p&lt;0.001, respectively (Figure). For CHADS2, mean survival times were 5.9±3.7 years for scores 0–1, 5.0±3.0 years for scores 2–4 and 4.3±2.6 years for scores ≥5. For CHA2DS2-VASc mean survival times were 7.3±4.0 years for scores 0–1, 5.6±2.9 years for scores 2–4 and 4.8±2.1 years for scores ≥5. The incidence of death was 20.1% for CHADS2 0–1, 24.8% for CHADS2 2–4, and 35.3% for CHADS2 ≥5, p=0.186. The incidence of AF was 50.2% for CHADS2 0–1, 47.9% for CHADS2 2–4, and 76.5% for CHADS2 ≥5, p=0.073. The incidence of AF related death was 13.0% for CHADS2 0–1, 16.8% for CHADS2 2–4, and 35.3% for CHADS2 ≥5, p=0.031. The incidence of death was 16.8% for CHA2DS2-VASc 0–1, 26.2% for CHA2DS2-VASc 2–4, and 45.0% for CHA2DS2-VASc ≥5, p=0.001. The incidence of AF was 49.6% for CHA2DS2-VASc 0–1, 52.5% for CHA2DS2-VASc 2–4, and 72.5% for CHA2DS2-VASc ≥5, p=0.035. The incidence of AF related death was 12.2% for CHA2DS2-VASc 0–1, 16.0% for CHA2DS2-VASc 2–4, and 42.5% for CHA2DS2-VASc ≥5, p&lt;0.001. Conclusion Both CHADS2 and CHA2DS2-VASc scores predict long-term outcomes after surgical ablation for AF. However, CHA2DS2-VASc was superior in predicting death, AF, and AF-related death. Survival curves Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: None

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