scholarly journals Essentials of Insulinoma Localization with Selective Arterial Calcium Stimulation and Hepatic Venous Sampling

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 3091
Author(s):  
Ken Zhao ◽  
Nihal Patel ◽  
Kopal Kulkarni ◽  
Jonathan S. Gross ◽  
Bedros Taslakian
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Pancreatic Neuroendocrine Tumor ◽  
Venous Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Calcium Stimulation ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Proper Interpretation

Insulinomas are the most common functional pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor. Most insulinomas can be localized non-invasively with cross-sectional and nuclear imaging. Selective arterial calcium stimulation and hepatic venous sampling is an effective and safe minimally-invasive procedure for insulinoma localization that may be utilized when non-invasive techniques are inconclusive. The procedure’s technical success and proper interpretation of its results is dependent on the interventional radiologist’s knowledge of normal and variant pancreatic arterial perfusion. Accurate pre-operative localization aids in successful surgical resection. Technical and anatomic considerations of insulinoma localization with selective arterial calcium stimulation and hepatic venous sampling are reviewed.

scholarly journals Phenotypic Characterization of Circulating Lung Cancer Cells for Clinically Actionable Targets

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arutha Kulasinghe ◽  
Joanna Kapeleris ◽  
Carolina Cooper ◽  
Majid Ebrahimi Warkiani ◽  
Kenneth O’Byrne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Stage Iv ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Phenotypic Characterization ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Lung Cancers ◽  
Anaplastic Lymphoma ◽  
Non Invasive

Objectives: In non-small cell lung cancers (NSCLC), tumour biopsy can often be an invasive procedure. The development of a non-invasive methodology to study genetic changes via circulating tumour cells (CTCs) is an appealing concept. Whilst CTCs typically remain as rare cells, improvements in epitope-independent CTC isolation techniques has given rise to a greater capture of CTCs. In this cross sectional study, we demonstrate the capture and characterization of NSCLC CTCs for the clinically actionable markers epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) alterations, anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements and programmed death ligand-1 (PD-L1) expression. The study identified CTCs/CTC clusters in 26/35 Stage IV NSCLC patients, and subsequently characterized the CTCs for EGFR mutation, ALK status and PD-L1 status. This pilot study demonstrates the potential of a non-invasive fluid biopsy to determine clinically relevant biomarkers in NSCLC.

Electrical Impedance Tomography

2017 ◽  
pp. 130-152
Author(s):  
Ramesh Kumar Meena ◽  
Sarwan Kumar Pahuja ◽  
Abdullah Bin Queyam ◽  
Amit Sengupta
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Electrical Impedance ◽  
Clinical Approach ◽  
Impedance Tomography ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Impedance Technique ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
User Friendly ◽  
Mass Health

Presently, non-invasive techniques are in vogue and preferred standard clinical approach because of its limitless advantages in monitoring real time phenomenon occurring within our human body without much interference. Many techniques such as ultrasound, magnetocardiography, CT scan, MRI etc., are used for real time monitoring but are generally not recommended for continuous monitoring. The limitations created by above used techniques are overcome by a proposed technique called non-invasive bio-impedance technique such as Electrical Impedance Technique (EIT). EIT imaging technique is based on internal electrical conductivity distribution of the body. The reconstruction of cross sectional image of resistivity required sufficient data collection by finite element method using MATLAB software. The EIT technique offers some benefits over other imaging modalities. It is economical, non-invasive, user friendly and emits no radiation thus appears to be one of the best fit technology for mass health care to be used by the basic health worker at a community level.

scholarly journals Comparative assessment of non-invasive imaging in detecting coronary artery disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (5) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z Hamoudi
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Invasive Coronary Angiography ◽  
Nuclear Imaging ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Supporting Evidence ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Coronary Ct ◽  
Artery Disease ◽  
Stress Cmr

Coronary artery disease (CAD) has an important impact on the morbidity and mortality in the West and health service<br />resources worldwide. It is therefore crucial to accurately diagnose CAD early, in an attempt to limit its burden on patients<br />and society, potentially by optimum risk stratification, accurate diagnosis and management. Invasive coronary angiography<br />(ICA) is the conventional gold standard imaging investigation for the coronary circulation and assessment of disease severity.<br />However, it is an invasive procedure and is associated with risks, although rare. In addition, it detects luminal stenosis but<br />not the functional importance of those anatomical lesions. Therefore, a wide variety of non-invasive imaging developed<br />to evaluate the presence and severity of CAD, including anatomical techniques e.g. coronary CT that assesses coronary<br />stenosis, and quantifies coronary calcium, hence the burden of atherosclerotic plaques and functional imaging e.g. stress<br />echocardiography, nuclear imaging by SPECT and PET and stress CMR. Selection of the most appropriate imaging,<br />therefore, is challenging and requires knowledge of patients’ pre-test probability and prevalence of disease, their advantages<br />and limitations, cost and availability. This review attempts to provide an overview of the current supporting evidence of the<br />role of non-invasive imaging in diagnosing CAD, in addition to its prognostic value, limitations and advantages.

Doppler Ultrasonography as a Non-invasive Procedure for Diagnosis of Chronic Hepatitis: A Cross- sectional Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Reza Nafisi-Moghadam ◽  
Fatemeh Ehsani ◽  
Naeimeh Heiranizadeh ◽  
Mojtaba Zarch ◽  
Seyed Tabatabaei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Hepatitis ◽  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Doppler Ultrasonography ◽  
Invasive Procedure ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Non Invasive

Diagnostic Value of Non-Invasive Prenatal Screening of β-thalassemia by Cell Free Fetal DNA and Fetal NRBC

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Nadia Shafei ◽  
Mohammad Saeed Hakhamaneshi ◽  
Massoud Houshmand ◽  
Siavash Gerayeshnejad ◽  
Fardin Fathi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Multiple Displacement Amplification ◽  
Diagnostic Value ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Fetal Dna ◽  
Prenatal Diagnostic ◽  
Cell Free Fetal Dna ◽  
Invasive Techniques

Background: Beta thalassemia is a common disorder with autosomal recessive inheritance. The most prenatal diagnostic methods are the invasive techniques that have the risk of miscarriage. Now the non-invasive methods will be gradually alternative for these invasive techniques. Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the diagnostic value of two non-invasive diagnostic methods for fetal thalassemia using cell free fetal DNA (cff-DNA) and nucleated RBC (NRBC) in one sampling community. Methods: 10 ml of blood was taken in two k3EDTA tube from 32 pregnant women (mean of gestational age = 11 weeks), who themselves and their husbands had minor thalassemia. One tube was used to enrich NRBC and other was used for cff-DNA extraction. NRBCs were isolated by MACS method and immunohistochemistry; the genome of stained cells was amplified by multiple displacement amplification (MDA) procedure. These products were used as template in b-globin segments PCR. cff-DNA was extracted by THP method and 300 bp areas were recovered from the agarose gel as fetus DNA. These DNA were used as template in touch down PCR to amplify b-globin gen. The amplified b-globin segments were sequenced and the results compared with CVS resul. Results: The data showed that sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by NRBC were 100% and 92% respectively and sensitivity and specificity of thalassemia diagnosis by cff-DNA were 100% and 84% respectively. Conclusion: These methods with high sensitivity can be used as screening test but due to their lower specificity than CVS, they cannot be used as diagnostic test.

Responses to External Emotions or their Transitions at Central to Peripheral Nervous System Levels: A Methodological Contribution to Mental Health

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 138-152
Author(s):  
Bingren Zhang ◽  
Chu Wang ◽  
Chanchan Shen ◽  
Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Emotional Stimuli ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Psychiatric Problems ◽  
Different Levels

Background: Responses to external emotional-stimuli or their transitions might help to elucidate the scientific background and assist the clinical management of psychiatric problems, but pure emotional-materials and their utilization at different levels of neurophysiological processing are few. Objective: We aimed to describe the responses at central and peripheral levels in healthy volunteers and psychiatric patients when facing external emotions and their transitions. Methods: Using pictures and sounds with pure emotions of Disgust, Erotica, Fear, Happiness, Neutral, and Sadness or their transitions as stimuli, we have developed a series of non-invasive techniques, i.e., the event-related potentials, functional magnetic resonance imaging, excitatory and inhibitory brainstem reflexes, and polygraph, to assess different levels of neurophysiological responses in different populations. Results: Sample outcomes on various conditions were specific and distinguishable at cortical to peripheral levels in bipolar I and II disorder patients compared to healthy volunteers. Conclusions: Methodologically, designs with these pure emotions and their transitions are applicable, and results per se are specifically interpretable in patients with emotion-related problems.

scholarly journals Taxonomic signatures of cause-specific mortality risk in human gut microbiome

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaro Salosensaari ◽  
Ville Laitinen ◽  
Aki S. Havulinna ◽  
Guillaume Meric ◽  
Susan Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Risk ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Gut ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Human Gut Microbiome ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Sequencing Technologies

AbstractThe collection of fecal material and developments in sequencing technologies have enabled standardised and non-invasive gut microbiome profiling. Microbiome composition from several large cohorts have been cross-sectionally linked to various lifestyle factors and diseases. In spite of these advances, prospective associations between microbiome composition and health have remained uncharacterised due to the lack of sufficiently large and representative population cohorts with comprehensive follow-up data. Here, we analyse the long-term association between gut microbiome variation and mortality in a well-phenotyped and representative population cohort from Finland (n = 7211). We report robust taxonomic and functional microbiome signatures related to the Enterobacteriaceae family that are associated with mortality risk during a 15-year follow-up. Our results extend previous cross-sectional studies, and help to establish the basis for examining long-term associations between human gut microbiome composition, incident outcomes, and general health status.

scholarly journals When SEM becomes a deceptive tool of analysis: the unexpected discovery of epidermal glands with stalked ducts on the ultimate legs of geophilomorph centipedes

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andy Sombke ◽  
Carsten H. G. Müller
Keyword(s):  
Sensory Function ◽  
Sexually Dimorphic ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Defensive Role ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sensory Structures ◽  
Taxonomic Studies ◽  
Invasive Techniques ◽  
Epidermal Glands ◽  
Intrinsic Musculature

Abstract Background The jointed appendage is a key novelty in arthropod evolution and arthropod legs are known to vary enormously in relation to function. Among centipedes, the ultimate legs always are distinctly different from locomotory legs, and different centipede taxa evolved different structural and functional modifications. In Geophilomorpha (soil centipedes), ultimate legs do not participate in locomotion and were interpret to serve a sensory function. They can be sexually dimorphic and in some species, male ultimate legs notably appear “hairy”. It can be assumed that the high abundance of sensilla indicates a pronounced sensory function. This study seeks for assessing the sensory diversity, however, documents the surprising and unique case of an extensive glandular epithelium in the ultimate legs of three phylogenetically distant species. Results The tightly aggregated epidermal glands with stalked ducts – mistakenly thought to be sensilla – were scrutinized using a multimodal microscopic approach comprising histology as well as scanning and transmission electron microscopy in Haplophilus subterraneus. Hence, this is the first detailed account on centipede ultimate legs demonstrating an evolutionary transformation into a “secretory leg”. Additionally, we investigated sensory structures as well as anatomical features using microCT analysis. Contrary to its nomination as a tarsus, tarsus 1 possesses intrinsic musculature, which is an indication that this podomere might be a derivate of the tibia. Discussion The presence and identity of ultimate leg associated epidermal glands with stalked ducts is a new discovery for myriapods. A pronounced secretory as well as moderate sensory function in Haplophilus subterraneus can be concluded. The set of characters will improve future taxonomic studies, to test the hypotheses whether the presence of these specialized glands is a common feature in Geophilomorpha, and that tarsus 1 may be a derivate of the tibia. As the number of epidermal glands with stalked ducts is sexually dimorphic, their function might be connected to reproduction or a sex-specific defensive role. Our results, in particular the unexpected discovery of ‘glandular hairs’, may account for a striking example for how deceptive morphological descriptions of epidermal organs may be, if based on non-invasive techniques alone.

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