scholarly journals The Relevance of Dual Diagnoses among Drug-Dependent Patients with Sleep Disorders

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 2862
Author(s):  
Carlos Roncero ◽  
Llanyra García-Ullán ◽  
Alberto Bullón ◽  
Diego Remón-Gallo ◽  
Begoña Vicente-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Dual Diagnoses ◽  
Dual Disorder ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
The University

Background: Sleep disorders are often associated with drug use. Nearly 70% of patients admitted for detoxification report sleep problems. Dual disorder (DD) is the comorbidity between mental disorders in general and disorders related to psychoactive substance use. The association between substance use and sleep disorders (SD) appears to be bidirectional. Our objective is to analyze the association between sleep disturbance history and drug use pattern (alcohol, cannabis, opioids, and cocaine). Methods: Analysis of data in the first interview at the Addictions Unit of the Department of Psychiatry at the University of Salamanca Health Care Complex between October 2017 and January 2020. The sample consists of 398 patients. We studied the association between different variables: origin of patients (Inpatient Dual Diagnosis Detoxification Unit (IDDDU) vs. Outpatient Drug Clinic (ODC), presence of affective disorder, psychotic disorder, type of drug used, and treatment. Results: Of patients with DD, 62% had more delayed sleep induction, sleep fragmentation, early awakening, and nightmares. Outpatients had more difficulty falling asleep because, in many cases, they had not previously sought any medical assistance. On the other hand, 67% of the patients with insomnia presented depression. Conclusions: There is evidence of a harmful association between DD and SD.

ESCAPE STRESS, SLEEP DISORDERS, AND ASSIMILATION OF REFUGEES

1990 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 287-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zack Z. Cernovsky
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Host Country ◽  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Level Of Satisfaction ◽  
Falling Asleep

Questionnaire data from 38 Czechoslovak refugees living in Switzerland indicated that repetitive nightmares about escaping the exhomeland were more frequent in refugees who described their real life act of escape as more frightening or risky. The level of satisfaction with life in the host country was unrelated to the incidence of escape nightmares but was inversely related to incidence of other sleep problems (restless sleep and difficulties falling asleep).

scholarly journals Impact of methylphenıdate and atomoxetıne on sleep ın chıldren wıth ADHD

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 216-218
Author(s):  
Elif Gokce ERSOY SIMSEK ◽  
◽  
Saniye Tulin FIDAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problem ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Inpatient Service ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Time Duration ◽  
Children With Adhd ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
Child Psychiatric ◽  
Significant Difference

Aim: Our purpose in this study is to determine the effects of methylphenidate and atomoxetine on the sleep of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: Eighty-one children admitted to a child psychiatric inpatient service with ADHD participated in a double-blind, crossover study in which 42 subjects received extended release methylphenidate, and 39 subjects received atomoxetine only one dose in the morning daily at least for 6 months. Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age Children-Present and Lifetime Version (KSADS-PL) and Child Sleep Habits Survey (CSHS) were applied to all children. Results: There was a sleep problem in 81% (n = 34) of the patients using methylphenidate and 89.7% (n=35) of the group using atomoxetine. When we evaluated according to the CSHS cut-off score, whether having a sleep problem or sleep problems, and there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups (p> 0.05). We are not able to find significant difference between two groups in terms of bedtime resistance, sleep duration, sleep anxiety, night awakenings, parasomnia, sleep-breathing problems, and daytime sleepiness subtest and total sleep scores (p> 0.05). There was a significant difference in sub-test of the falling asleep duration. It was found that the methylphenidate group had a longer falling asleep time duration(p <0.05). Discussion: Sleep-related complaints in children diagnosed with ADHD are not uncommon in clinical practice. It is known that 25-55% of children with ADHD often report various sleep problems and in addition, more sleep problems are reported by their parents. In our study, when the total scores of CSHS filled by the family were evaluated, this rate was found to be 85%. There was no difference in the frequency of sleep problems between the group using methylphenidate and the group using atomoxetine. In our study, there was significant difference between the group using methylphenidate and the group using atomoxetine in terms of delay in falling asleep. In many studies based on both objective and subjective measurements, psychostimulant drugs have been reported to be associated with difficulty falling asleep and prolonged sleep latency. Sleep disorders are common in ADHD. It is important that child and adolescents with ADHD must be evaluated the sleep habits before medical treatment to identify the etiology of sleep disorders.

scholarly journals DURATION AND QUALITY OF SLEEP OF THE VOLOGDA OBLAST POPULATION: RISK CATEGORIES, FACTORS OF DISTURBANCE AND IMPACT ON HEALTH

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-194
Author(s):  
Alexandra V. Korolenko
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Quality Of Sleep ◽  
Vologda Oblast ◽  
Falling Asleep ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Risk Categories

Healthy sleep is not only the most important source of restoring the body's strength, but also a way to overcome traumatic events and stress, as well as a resource for the effective functioning of the human nervous system. Many studies confirm the relationship between the duration and quality of sleep and the health status of the population. At the same time, in modern conditions, socio-demographic characteristics of the population are of great importance in determining sleep. The main sleep disorders are recognized not only as a reduction in its duration, but also as a deterioration in quality (problems with falling asleep, a feeling of unreconstructed strength). The purpose of this article is to study the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of sleep in the population (including in the context of the main socio-demographic groups), the prevalence of factors of its disorders and their impact on subjective health assessments. The information base was data from monitoring of physical health of the Vologda oblast population in 2020 (n = 1500). The study identified risk categories for quantitative and qualitative sleep disorders; confirmed the relationship of stress factors, noise pollution and poor housing conditions with the frequency of sleep disorders; proved the impact of sleep problems on self-assessment of health.

scholarly journals Sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-57
Author(s):  
Karolina Katarelos ◽  
Agnieszka Piechal ◽  
Iwona Kurkowska-Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Motor Disability ◽  
Complex Disorders ◽  
Medical Visits ◽  
Excessive Sleepiness ◽  
Disease Modifying Therapy ◽  
Falling Asleep

Sleep disorders is a common problem that patients report to their doctor. They can accompany many mental and somatic disorders or be primary. There are many types of sleep disorders; most commonly, they are associated with problems with falling asleep and maintaining sleep continuity, or more complex disorders, such as parasomnias, breathing disorders and movement disorders associated with sleep. In the following work, we have focused on sleep problems in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). These patients more often than healthy people of the same age complain about sleep disorders and these dis­orders increase with the progress of the disease and the appearance of other symptoms. Depressed mood, chronic fatigue, pain and urinary problems significantly affect the quality of sleep in patients with MS. On the other hand, excessive sleepiness and trouble with falling asleep intensify the feeling of fatigue, which is a major problem and impair cognitive functions. However, sleep-related symptoms are often overlooked during medical visits due to other symptoms of multiple sclerosis, especially those causing motor disability. The treatment of sleep disorders in patients with MS is based on basic methods used in the general population. In the treatment of sleep disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis, appropriate disease modifying therapy is also important.

scholarly journals Family aggregation of sleep characteristics: Results of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall and the Multi-Generation Study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. e0252828
Author(s):  
Bernd Kowall ◽  
Anna-Therese Lehnich ◽  
Sara Schramm ◽  
Börge Schmidt ◽  
Raimund Erbel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Sleep Quality ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Adult Children ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Poor Sleep ◽  
Poor Sleep Quality ◽  
Ruhr Area ◽  
Falling Asleep

Introduction Poor sleep is a risk factor for adverse health events. For health prevention, it may be helpful to know whether poor sleep or sleep disorders in individuals are associated with sleep problems in their partners or children. Methods In the MultiGeneration Study (MGS, conducted from 2013 to 2016), 1237 partners (aged 27 to 90 years) and 1660 adult children (aged 18 to 66 years) of index persons were recruited. Index persons are participants of the Heinz Nixdorf Recall Study, a population-based cohort study in the Ruhr area (study start 1999–2001, 4841 participants aged 45–75 years). We used two analysis populations: one with 1181 index persons whose partners were in MGS, and one with 1083 index persons with at least one adult child in MGS. Sleep characteristics were assessed using questionnaires (including the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index). The exposure was the presence of a sleep characteristic of the index subject. Results Children showed the investigated sleep characteristics more often if these were also present in their parent (e.g., RR (relative risk) = 1.28 (95% CI: 1.06–1.55) for poor sleep quality). In partners, strong associations were observed for rising times and napping, but only weak associations for snoring, poor sleep quality and sleep disorders. Snoring of the bed partner is a risk factor for poor sleep (e.g., RR = 1.67 (0.91–3.07) for difficulties falling asleep). Conclusion Aggregation is observed for many sleep characteristics in people living in partnerships as well as in parents and their adult children.

The Nature of Sleep

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 945-970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Wolf-Meyer
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sleep Disorders ◽  
Sleep Problems ◽  
Behavior Disorder ◽  
The United States ◽  
Sleep Medicine ◽  
Volunteer Program ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase ◽  
Delayed Sleep ◽  
Icu Psychosis

In April of 2004, only a few months into my fieldwork, I was struck by the level and variety of doubt expressed by the physicians at the Midwest Sleep Disorder Center (MSDC). The MSDC is a group of physicians recognized in the field as experts in many areas of sleep medicine, especially parasomnias—such as sleepwalking, sleep-related eating, and REM behavior disorder. Dr. Richards, the clinic's senior researcher and a neurologist by training, began the weekly departmental rounds. Generally, these consisted of case studies presented by the assembled clinicians and fellows, but at times rounds wandered into more philosophical discussions or ribald joking. On this day, Dr. Richards asked Dr. Pym if he had seen any patients of note. Pym was trained as a pediatrician, and his patients, at both the MSDC and the neighboring Children's Hospital, were mostly adolescents and young children. Pym had been in Nicaragua for the previous three weeks as part of a volunteer program to provide medical aid to the rural poor, and so had no cases, but he took the opportunity to make some observations on sleep disorders in Central America. He remarked that most of the places he had been to had about eleven hours of night and thirteen of daylight, and with only intermittent electrical lighting in the evening, most people went to bed at nightfall and arose with the sun. As a result, he postulated, most of the sleep disorders that physicians dealt with in the United States were not found there. He went on to blame electric lighting for many of the sleep problems in the United States—including insomnia and advanced and delayed sleep phase disorders—since it negatively affected biological impulses to sleep. Pym claimed that sleep disorders were “rare” in Nicaragua. He said most children there slept with their parents, who attended to their sleep problems as they happened, and so they did not develop into more acute pathological forms. This led into a broader conversation about light and its effects on human sleep patterns, in which some of the discussion revolved around sleeplessness in intensive care units; apparently, Richards reported, many people never entered REM sleep while in the units due to lighting disruptions, which, he said, might account for “ICU psychosis,” as people hallucinated due to sleepiness. At this point, Dr. Blake, a young pediatrician, remarked in relation to the newness of sleep medicine, “We're all flying by the seats of our pants,” to which Richards said, “We don't know anything.”

627 Adolescent Delayed Sleep Phase and Circadian Irregularity Associated with Substance (Mis)Use in Young Adulthood

SLEEP ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. A246-A246
Author(s):  
Susan Calhoun ◽  
Venkatesh Krishnamurthy ◽  
Linda Bui ◽  
Matt Ciarletta ◽  
Jiangang Liao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Young Adulthood ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Marijuana Use ◽  
Sleep Phase ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Delayed Sleep Phase ◽  
Delayed Sleep

Abstract Introduction Substance use disorders are reaching epidemic proportions among adolescents and young adults. While disturbed, insufficient sleep is known to be associated with substance use, little is known about the role of circadian misalignment in precipitating or perpetuating substance misuse. Methods The Penn State Child Cohort is a population-based sample of 700 children (Mdn=9y), who were followed-up 8 years later as adolescents (N=421, Mdn=16y) and 15 years later as young adults (N=492, Mdn=24y). In adolescence, a delayed sleep phase was defined as a 7-night actigraphy-measured mean sleep midpoint later than 4:00 AM, while an irregular circadian phase as a within-subjects standard deviation in sleep midpoint greater than 1 hour. Alcohol, tobacco, and drug use was ascertained by parent- and/or self-reports in adolescence, while alcohol, tobacco and marijuana use was ascertained by self-reports in young adulthood. Logistic regression models tested the association between delayed and irregular circadian phase with substance use adjusted for age, sex, race/ethnicity, BMI, SES, mental health problems and psychoactive medications. Results Adolescents with a delayed sleep phase (n=164) showed later bed and wakeup times, lower morningness scores and greater circadian phase irregularity. Cross-sectionally, a delayed sleep phase in adolescence was associated with 1.9-fold odds (95%CI=1.1–3.2) of alcohol, tobacco and/or drug use; specifically, the odds of alcohol and tobacco use associated with a delayed sleep phase were 1.9-fold (95%CI=1.1–3.4) and 2.4-fold (95%CI=1.1–5.3), respectively, while non-significant for drug use (n=28) for which mental health problems were among the strongest risk factors (OR=3.0, 95%CI=1.3–6.8). Longitudinally, an irregular circadian phase in adolescence was associated with 2.2-fold odds (95%CI=1.1–4.5) of alcohol, tobacco and/or marijuana use in young adulthood; specifically, the odds of alcohol use in young adulthood associated with an irregular circadian phase in adolescence were 1.9-fold (95%CI=1.1–3.5), while non-significant for tobacco (n=58) or marijuana use (n=76) for which mental health problems were the strongest risk factor (OR=2.2, 95%CI=1.3–3.7). Conclusion A delayed or irregular circadian phase in adolescence is associated with substance use, particularly alcohol use in the transition to adulthood. Beyond disturbed and insufficient sleep, circadian misalignment should become a target of early interventions to prevent substance use disorders. Support (if any) R01MH118308, R01HL136587, R01HL97165, R01HL63772, UL1TR000127

Substance use Disorders among Men in Prison: A New Zealand Study

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 577-581 ◽  
Author(s):  
John A. Bushnell ◽  
Leon W. Bakker
Keyword(s):  
Substance Use ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Age Distribution ◽  
Risk Behaviour ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Prevalence Estimates ◽  
Alcohol Dependence Syndrome ◽  
Drug Dependent ◽  
Drug Use Disorder

Objective: This study set out to determine the extent of alcohol and drug disorder among male prisoners prior to their incarceration in a New Zealand prison. Method: Sections of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule that assess alcohol and drug disorders according to DSM-III criteria were administered to 100 sequential new arrivals at a male medium/minimum security prison. Results: Eighty-one percent of the prisoners had a lifetime alcohol disorder, and 39% of them had symptoms in the 6 months prior to incarceration. Half of the prisoners had met criteria for an alcohol-dependence syndrome. Thirty percent had a lifetime drug use disorder with 14% showing symptoms in the last 6 months prior to incarceration. One-quarter had been drug dependent. After adjustment of the lifetime prevalence estimates for the differing age distribution within the prison, alcohol disorder was more than twice as common among prisoners as in the general population, and drug use disorder was eight times as common. Conclusions: Since high rates of alcohol and drug disorder are found among sentenced prisoners, both in the 6 months prior to incarceration and over their lifetime, resources within the prison may need to be directed towards minimising the harm from substance use disorder and associated risk behaviour.

scholarly journals Contingency management: what it is and why psychiatrists should want to use it

2011 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 161-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy M. Petry
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Substance Use ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Mental Health Treatment ◽  
Contingency Management ◽  
Health Treatment ◽  
Management Interventions ◽  
Highly Effective ◽  
Dual Diagnoses

SummaryContingency management is a highly effective treatment for substance use and related disorders. However, few psychiatrists are familiar with this intervention or its application to a range of patient behaviours. This paper describes contingency management and evidence of its efficacy for reducing drug use. It then details areas in which contingency management interventions can be applied in the context of psychiatric treatments more generally, including increasing abstinence in individuals with dual diagnoses, encouraging attendance in mental health treatment settings, enhancing adherence to psychiatric medications, reducing weight, and improving exercise. Greater awareness and use of contingency management in practice may improve outcomes across a range of mental health and related conditions.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document