scholarly journals Mentally Sick or Not—(Bio)Markers of Psychiatric Disorders Needed

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Napoleon Waszkiewicz
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Developmental Disorders ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Wide Group ◽  
Substance Related Disorders ◽  
Depression Disorder

Psychiatric disorders, also called mental illnesses or mental disorders, constitute a wide group of disorders including major depression disorder (MDD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and other psychoses, anxiety disorders (ANX), substance-related disorders (SRD), dementia, developmental disorders e [...]

scholarly journals Preliminary Study on the Correlations Between Oxytocin Levels and Irritable Bowel Syndrome in Patients with Depression

2019 ◽  
Vol 70 (6) ◽  
pp. 2204-2206 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raluca Gavril ◽  
Luminita Hritcu ◽  
Manuela Padurariu ◽  
Alin Ciobica ◽  
Cristina Horhogea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Oxytocin Receptor ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Digestive Disorder ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Regulation Mechanisms ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Depression Disorder

Lately there are increased evidences that oxytocin may be an important mediator in several psychiatric disorders including depression and anxiety. Oxytocin system seems to be linked with several neurotransmitters important in psychiatric disorder, but also with the hypothalamic�pituitary�adrenal (HPA) axis and is also a key factor in stress regulation mechanisms. Considering the oxytocin receptor pattern of distribution both central and peripherally and the growing data concerning the disbalance of oxytocin in psychiatric disorders we may speculate that oxytocin system may be at the core of psychosomatic disturbances. Also, recent data brought to attention that oxytocin receptor is distributed throughout gastrointestinal tract. Our hypothesis of the present study was that oxytocin system is disbalanced in irritable bowel syndrome considering also the psychological component of this digestive disorder. We preliminary report here a significant decrease of serum oxytocin levels in patients with major depression disorder and irritable bowel syndrome, as compared with those with major depression disorder alone.

The Compelling and Persistent Problem of Bipolar Disorder Disguised as Major Depression Disorder: An Integrative Review

2018 ◽  
Vol 24 (5) ◽  
pp. 415-425 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brandie M. Stiles ◽  
Anne F. Fish ◽  
Roxanne Vandermause ◽  
Azfar M. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Screening Tools ◽  
Integrative Review ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Persistent Problem ◽  
Depression Disorder

BACKGROUND: Up to 40% of patients with bipolar disorder are misdiagnosed, usually with major depression disorder. OBJECTIVE: The purpose was to describe the current state of the science of the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder, with the ultimate goal of improving psychiatric diagnostic workups including screening. DESIGN: An integrative review was conducted using standard criteria for evaluating research articles. RESULTS: Forty-nine articles met the eligibility criteria. Articles explored patient-related and health care provider-related factors contributing to the misdiagnosis of bipolar disorder as well as consequences of misdiagnosis. Clinically oriented, reliable, and valid screening tools for bipolar disorder also were reviewed. CONCLUSIONS: Awareness of multiple, challenging patient-related factors and more comprehensive assessment and screening by health care providers may reduce misdiagnosis.

Does consanguinity increase the risk of mental illnesses? A population based study

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. S512-S512 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bener
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Anxiety Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Diagnostic Interview ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Consanguineous Marriages ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of consanguinity on risk for mental disorders especially in primary health care-PHC settings. It was decided to ascertain prevalence of common mental disorders and consanguinity. We set out to study the burden of commonest psychiatric disorders among consanguineous marriages at PHC using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WHO-CIDI) and examine their symptom patterns and co-morbidity in Qatar. A prospective cross sectional study was carried out over a year between November 2011 to October 2012. A total of 2.000 Qatari subjects aged 18 to 65 years were approached; 1.475 (73.3%) gave consent and participated in this study. Prevalence of psychiatric disorders using the WHO Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI, version 3.0) showed that six most common disorders were major depression disorders (18.3%), any impulse control condition (18.3%), any anxiety disorders (17.2%), any mood disorders (16.9%), followed by separation anxiety disorders (15.2%), personality disorder (14.1%). The mean age ± SD of the 1.475 subjects interviewed was 39.3 ± 9.8 years. The rate of consanguinity in the present generation was 31.5% [95% CI = 29.1–33.7]. There were statistically significant differences between consanguineous and non-consanguineous with regards to age, educational status, occupation status, household income as well as BMI, cigarette smoking and sheesha smoking. One-fifth of all adults who attended the PHC center 20% had at least one psychiatric diagnosis. The prevalence of the generalized anxiety disorders; social phobia, specific phobia, major depression, and personality disorders were significantly higher in consanguineous marriages than in non-consanguineous.Disclosure of interestThe author has not supplied his declaration of competing interest.

Belastungen in der Kindheit und dissoziative Symptomatik bei Patienten mit psychischen Störungen

2013 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 24-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johanna Fiess ◽  
Astrid Steffen ◽  
Christian Pietrek ◽  
Brigitte Rockstroh
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Major Depression Disorder ◽  
Dissoziative Symptome ◽  
Kindheit Und Jugend ◽  
Depression Disorder

Theoretischer Hintergrund: Dissoziative Symptome treten bei verschiedenen psychischen Störungen auf und werden bei einigen Störungen mit traumatischen Erfahrungen assoziiert. Fragestellung: Wird der Zusammenhang zwischen dissoziativer Symptomatik und belastenden Erfahrungen moduliert durch die Art der Erfahrung und das Alter zum Zeitpunkt der Belastung? Methode: Bei 82 Patienten (Borderline-Persönlichkeitsstörung, BPS; Major Depression Disorder, MDD) und 54 gesunden Kontrollpersonen wurden per Interview belastende Erfahrungen während Kindheit und Jugend (3 – 16 Jahre) ermittelt. Zusammenhänge zwischen Belastung und dissoziativer Symptomatik wurden regressionsanalytisch unter Berücksichtigung von Diagnose und komorbider Posttraumatischer Belastungsstörung (PTBS) untersucht. Ergebnisse: Dissoziative Symptomatik korreliert bei BPD und MDD (mit komorbider PTBS) positiv mit emotionalem (neben sexuellem) Missbrauch und mit Belastungen in der Pubertät. Schlussfolgerung: Therapeutische Berücksichtigung emotionaler und pubertärer Belastung könnte die (Behandlung erschwerende) dissoziative Symptomatik reduzieren.

scholarly journals Prediction of response to drug therapy in psychiatric disorders

Open Biology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 180031 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shani Stern ◽  
Sara Linker ◽  
Krishna C. Vadodaria ◽  
Maria C. Marchetto ◽  
Fred H. Gage
Keyword(s):  
Autism Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Major Depression ◽  
Personalized Medicine ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Spectrum Disorder ◽  
Genome Wide Association Studies ◽  
Patient Reported

Personalized medicine has become increasingly relevant to many medical fields, promising more efficient drug therapies and earlier intervention. The development of personalized medicine is coupled with the identification of biomarkers and classification algorithms that help predict the responses of different patients to different drugs. In the last 10 years, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved several genetically pre-screened drugs labelled as pharmacogenomics in the fields of oncology, pulmonary medicine, gastroenterology, haematology, neurology, rheumatology and even psychiatry. Clinicians have long cautioned that what may appear to be similar patient-reported symptoms may actually arise from different biological causes. With growing populations being diagnosed with different psychiatric conditions, it is critical for scientists and clinicians to develop precision medication tailored to individual conditions. Genome-wide association studies have highlighted the complicated nature of psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, major depression and autism spectrum disorder. Following these studies, association studies are needed to look for genomic markers of responsiveness to available drugs of individual patients within the population of a specific disorder. In addition to GWAS, the advent of new technologies such as brain imaging, cell reprogramming, sequencing and gene editing has given us the opportunity to look for more biomarkers that characterize a therapeutic response to a drug and to use all these biomarkers for determining treatment options. In this review, we discuss studies that were performed to find biomarkers of responsiveness to different available drugs for four brain disorders: bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, major depression and autism spectrum disorder. We provide recommendations for using an integrated method that will use available techniques for a better prediction of the most suitable drug.

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