scholarly journals Skin and Arterial Wall Deposits of 18F-NaF and Severity of Disease in Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio Gutierrez-Cardo ◽  
Eugenia Lillo ◽  
Belén Murcia-Casas ◽  
Juan Luis Carrillo-Linares ◽  
Francisco García-Argüello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Radiotracer Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Vessel Walls ◽  
Severity Of The Disease ◽  
Univariate Analyses

Pseudoxanthoma elasticum (PXE) is a genetic disease characterized by the calcification of elastin fibers. Our aim was to quantify vascular calcification in the arteries and the deposition of 18F-sodium-fluoride (18F-NaF) in the skin and vessel walls with positron emission tomography/computed tomography. This was an observational study including 18 patients with PXE. Vascular calcification was measured in Agatston units, and deposition in the skin and vessel walls was shown using target-to-background ratio (TBR). Severity of the disease was scored by Phenodex. We found higher vascular calcification in the popliteal, femoral, and aortic arch vessels compared to other vascular regions; however, the uptake of radiotracer was the highest in the aorta and femoral arteries. In the skin, the highest uptake was observed in the neck and the axillae. There was no significant association between 18F-NaF deposition in the arteries or skin and the global Phenodex score. In contrast, the Phenodex score was significantly associated in univariate analyses with the averaged vascular calcium score (p < 0.01). In the neck, patients with higher skin Phenodex scores exhibited higher radiotracer uptake. As a conclusion, because vascular calcification is physiological, our data suggested that the detection of cutaneous (neck) 18F-NaF deposits might serve to monitor the calcification process in the short-term for patients with PXE.

Abstract 5825: Association between Patterns of FDG Uptake and Arterial Wall Calcification on PET/CT and Atherogenic Risk Factors in Healthy Subjects

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroya Narumi ◽  
Katsuya Yoshida ◽  
Nobusada Funabashi ◽  
Naotake Hashimoto ◽  
Isao Umehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
The Other ◽  
Fdg Uptake ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Fdg Pet Ct

Background: Augmented metabolic activity of macrophages leads to enough F-18 Fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake to allow visualization by positron emission tomography (PET). A large body of data, based on computed tomography (CT), has also accumulated concerning the relevance of vascular calcification to the atherosclerotic process. FDG PET/CT can localize both inflammatory changes and vascular calcification. The purpose of this study was to investigate risk factors contributing to these changes in the aorta in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods: A total of 66 consecutive healthy subjects (44 men, 22 women; age range, 30–82 years, mean age, 55.8 years) participating in a health check protocol including FDG PET/CT were evaluated retrospectively. We placed regions of interest on the arterial wall to measure FDG uptake by PET images. To assess arterial calcification, the calcium score of the aorta was measured on CT images. Results: FDG uptake was observed most commonly in proximal, followed by descending, thoracic, and abdominal segments. On the other hand, the most common site of vascular calcification was the descending thoracic aorta, followed by abdominal and, proximal segment. Whole aortic calcification (total calcium score of the whole aorta) was significantly correlated with age (r= 0.353, P= 0.004). On the other hand, FDG uptake (total SUV max of the whole aorta) was significantly correlated with systolic blood pressure (SBP) (r= 0.303, P= 0.013), triglyceride (TG) (r= 0.281, P= 0.022), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) (r= 0.317, P= 0.010), HbA1c (r= 0.433, P< 0.001), visceral abdominal fat area (r= 0.319, P= 0.005), and was negatively correlated with high density lipoprotein (HDL) (r= −0.317, P= 0.010), and adiponectin (r= −0.273, P= 0.029). Conclusions: Aortic calcification was significantly correlated with age. On the other hand, FDG uptake was significantly correlated with the components of metabolic syndrome such as SBP, TG, FPG, HbA1c, visceral adipose fat area and negatively correlated with HDL and adiponectin, but not with age. Our results may suggest that the components of metabolic syndrome and aging affect the progression of atherosclerosis differently.

scholarly journals Cutaneous and Vascular Deposits of 18F-NaF by PET/CT in the Follow-Up of Patients with Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2588
Author(s):  
Eugenia Lillo ◽  
Antonio Gutierrez-Cardo ◽  
Belén Murcia-Casas ◽  
Juan Luis Carrillo-Linares ◽  
Francisco Garcia-Argüello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Surrogate Marker ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum ◽  
Elastic Fibers ◽  
Pet Ct ◽  
Changes Over Time ◽  
Pet Ct Scan

Active microcalcification of elastic fibers is a hallmark of pseudoxanthoma elasticum and it can be measured with the assessment of deposition of 18F-NaF using a PET/CT scan at the skin and vascular levels. It is not known whether this deposition changes over time in absence of specific therapy. We repeated in two years a PET/CT scan using 18F-NaF as a radiopharmaceutical in patients with the disease and compared the deposition at skin and vessel. Furthermore, calcium score values at the vessel wall were also assessed. Main results indicate in the vessel walls that calcification progressed in each patient; by contrast, the active microcalcification, measured and target-to-background ratio showed reduced active deposition. By contrast, at skin levels (neck and axillae) the uptake of the pharmaceutical remains unchanged. In conclusion, because calcification in the arterial wall is not specific for pseudoxanthoma elasticum condition, the measurement of the deposition of 18F-NaF in the neck might be potentially used as a surrogate marker in future trials for the disease.

Vascular Calcification-Induced Cognitive Impairment in Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonas Bartstra ◽  
W. Spiering ◽  
G. Kranenburg ◽  
L. J. Geurts ◽  
A. M. den Harder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum

scholarly journals A Phantom Study to Investigate Robustness and Reproducibility of Grey Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM)-Based Radiomics Features for PET

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
Mahbubunnabi Tamal
Keyword(s):  
Textural Features ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Segmentation Method ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Radiotracer Uptake ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Occurrence Matrix ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Robust To Noise

Quantification and classification of heterogeneous radiotracer uptake in Positron Emission Tomography (PET) using textural features (termed as radiomics) and artificial intelligence (AI) has the potential to be used as a biomarker of diagnosis and prognosis. However, textural features have been predicted to be strongly correlated with volume, segmentation and quantization, while the impact of image contrast and noise has not been assessed systematically. Further continuous investigations are required to update the existing standardization initiatives. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between textural features and these factors with 18F filled torso NEMA phantom to yield different contrasts and reconstructed with different durations to represent varying levels of noise. The phantom was also scanned with heterogeneous spherical inserts fabricated with 3D printing technology. All spheres were delineated using: (1) the exact boundaries based on their known diameters; (2) 40% fixed; and (3) adaptive threshold. Six textural features were derived from the gray level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) using different quantization levels. The results indicate that homogeneity and dissimilarity are the most suitable for measuring PET tumor heterogeneity with quantization 64 provided that the segmentation method is robust to noise and contrast variations. To use these textural features as prognostic biomarkers, changes in textural features between baseline and treatment scans should always be reported along with the changes in volumes.

scholarly journals Wnt Signaling in Vascular Calcification

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaylee Bundy ◽  
Jada Boone ◽  
C. LaShan Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Phenotypic Switch ◽  
Wnt Ligands ◽  
And Function ◽  
Canonical Wnt

Cardiovascular disease is a worldwide epidemic and considered the leading cause of death globally. Due to its high mortality rates, it is imperative to study the underlying causes and mechanisms of the disease. Vascular calcification, or the buildup of hydroxyapatite within the arterial wall, is one of the greatest contributors to cardiovascular disease. Medial vascular calcification is a predictor of cardiovascular events such as, but not limited to, hypertension, stiffness, and even heart failure. Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), which line the arterial wall and function to maintain blood pressure, are hypothesized to undergo a phenotypic switch into bone-forming cells during calcification, mimicking the manner by which mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into osteoblast cells throughout osteogenesis. RunX2, a transcription factor necessary for osteoblast differentiation and a target gene of the Wnt signaling pathway, has also shown to be upregulated when calcification is present, implicating that the Wnt cascade may be a key player in the transdifferentiation of VSMCs. It is important to note that the phenotypic switch of VSMCs from a healthy, contractile state to a proliferative, synthetic state is necessary in response to the vascular injury surrounding calcification. The lingering question, however, is if VSMCs acquire this synthetic phenotype through the Wnt pathway, how and why does this signaling occur? This review seeks to highlight the potential role of the canonical Wnt signaling pathway within vascular calcification based on several studies and further discuss the Wnt ligands that specifically aid in VSMC transdifferentiation.

No effects of short-term GSM mobile phone radiation on cerebral blood flow measured using positron emission tomography

2011 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 247-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Myoung Soo Kwon ◽  
Victor Vorobyev ◽  
Sami Kännälä ◽  
Matti Laine ◽  
Juha O. Rinne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cerebral Blood Flow ◽  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Mobile Phone Radiation ◽  
Gsm Mobile Phone

P1642CORONARY ARTERY CALCIFICATION AMONG RENAL TRANSPLANT RECIPIENTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (Supplement_3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Osama ◽  
Medhat Mahmoud ◽  
Salem El Deeb ◽  
Ahmed Elmowafy ◽  
Hussein Sheashaa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Calcium Score ◽  
Agatston Score ◽  
P Value ◽  
Renal Transplant Recipients ◽  
Transplant Recipients ◽  
Intact Pth ◽  
Group I ◽  
Pth Level

Abstract Background and Aims Bone-mineral disease and vascular calcification are common complications in hemodialysis. The harmony between parathyroid hormone, calcium and phosphorus is impaired during hemodialysis and it supposed to be reversed by kidney transplantation but it is not known if the effect on vascular calcification will be reversed. Our aim is to study renal transplantation effect on hemodialysis associated vascular calcification and the risk factors for development and progression of vascular calcification. Method Transplant registry in Mansoura Urology and Nephrology Center, Egypt was reviewed for kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) who received renal allo-transplantation between January 2016 and December 2017 (149 KTRs). Patients were divided according to the presence of vascular calcification using non-contrast CT into 2 groups. Group I: 58 KTRs with pre-transplant vascular calcification, Group II: 91 KTRs without pre-transplant vascular calcification. Group I then were subdivided into 3 groups according to Agatston score (coronary calcium score) to 3 groups: Mild calcification (11-100), Moderate calcification (101-400), Severe calcification (&gt;400). All patients were screened for coronary vascular calcification 2 years after transplantation using multi-slice coronary CT. Patients with detectable CAC at baseline and a CAC score change was ≥25% and patient with CAC score of 0 and follow up ≥ 4 were considered as progressors. Results The recipients` age in both group ranged from 18 years to 55 years. Older age is associated with higher incidence of vascular calcification (p value: 0.048) with male predominance and mean body mass index is 32.5±2.3. Majority of patients underwent hemodialysis before transplantation (90%). The longer hemodialysis duration, the more severe the degree of vascular calcification (p value: 0.003). There was no difference among both groups regarding CKD bone-mineral biomarkers except for intact PTH which was higher among vascular calcification patients (p value: 0.023). The majority of our patients received induction therapy; Basiliximab and received tacrolimus based immunosuppressive regimen. There was no significant difference regarding rejection episodes or post-transplant medical disorders. Presence of vascular calcification did not affect graft outcome over 2 years. Despite significant improvement in CKD-bone disease biomarkers (p value: 0.001; calcium, phosphorus, alk. phosphatase and intact PTH changes), Vascular calcification incidence increased after transplantation from 38.9% to 40.9% especially for severe form with rise of median agatston score from 258.85 (21,813) to 354.55(20, 1198.8). Patients were divided according to progression into 2 groups: progressors (59 KTRs) and non-progressors (90 KTRs). On comparison of both groups, there were 3 independent risk factors for CAC progression: pre-transplant Calcium score (Figure 1), dialysis duration (Figure 2) and pre-transplant PTH level (Figure 3) with significant p value: &lt;0.001, &lt;0.001 and 0.05 respectively. Pre-emptive transplantation is inversely proportional in determining CAC progression with p value: 0.02. ROC curve analyses were performed to evaluate the discriminatory power of the three parameters. Conclusion Baseline CAC, duration of dialysis and pre-transplant serum PTH level are factors associated CAC progression. Renal transplantation does not stop or reverse CAC. Progression of CAC is the usual evolution pattern of CAC in renal transplant recipients. Very important was the finding that the follow-up calcium Score was significantly related to the baseline score., which emphasizes the importance of primary prevention of CAC development.

Direct effect of physiological doses of arginine vasopressin on the arterial wall in vivo

1978 ◽  
Vol 234 (2) ◽  
pp. H167-H172 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Monos ◽  
R. H. Cox ◽  
L. H. Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Arginine Vasopressin ◽  
Flow Resistance ◽  
Arterial Wall ◽  
External Diameter ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Circulatory Control ◽  
Anesthetized Dogs ◽  
Vascular Beds

Effects of topically applied arginine vasopressin (VPA), in 100-150 muU/ml blood concentration, on external diameter (D) and on dynamic elastic modulus (E*) of surgically denervated common carotid (CC) and femoral (FA) arteries have been studied before and after hypophysectomy in anesthetized dogs. Changes in D, E*, and flow resistance (R) of the CC and FA vascular beds before and after removal of the pituitary were also determined. It was found that VPA elicited a substantial (max 21-26%) decrease in E* and a smaller (max 5.9-6.9%) reduction in D of FA independent of the presence of absence of the pituitary gland. The VPA effect developed more rapidly after hypophysectomy than before. In the CC, VPA did not significantly affect values of E*. During the 1-h period after hypophysectomy, statistically significant decreases in E*-CC, E*-FA, and D-CC were observed, but D-FA did not change, although arterial pressure as well as R-FA and R-CC were diminished. These results give further support to physiological vascular actions of VPA and a possible role in short-term circulatory control. In large arteries, the effects of VPA also seem to be regionally differentiated.

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