scholarly journals Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors for Lung Cancer Treatment: A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 1362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keisuke Onoi ◽  
Yusuke Chihara ◽  
Junji Uchino ◽  
Takayuki Shimamoto ◽  
Yoshie Morimoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment ◽  
Checkpoint Molecule

The treatment of lung cancer has changed drastically in recent years owing to the advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). A 1992 study reported that programmed cell death-1 (PD-1), an immune checkpoint molecule, is upregulated during the induction of T cell death. Since then, various immunoregulatory mechanisms involving PD-1 have been clarified, and the successful use of PD-1 blockers in anticancer therapy eventually led to the development of the current generation of ICIs. Nivolumab was the first ICI approved for treating lung cancer in 2014. Since then, various ICIs such as pembrolizumab, atezolizumab, and durvalumab have been successively introduced into clinical medicine and have shown remarkable efficacy. The introduction of ICIs constituted a major advancement in lung cancer treatment, but disease prognosis continues to remain low. Therefore, new molecular-targeted therapies coupled with existing anticancer drugs and radiotherapy have recently been explored. This review encompasses the current status, challenges, and future perspectives of ICI treatment in lung cancer.

scholarly journals Prognostic Factors and Biomarkers of Responses to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (19) ◽  
pp. 4931 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Bianco ◽  
Fabio Perrotta ◽  
Giusi Barra ◽  
Umberto Malapelle ◽  
Danilo Rocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
T Cell Subsets ◽  
Durable Response ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment ◽  
The Impact

Manipulation of the immune response is a game changer in lung cancer treatment, revolutionizing management. PD1 and CTLA4 are dynamically expressed on different T cell subsets that can either disrupt or sustain tumor growth. Monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) against PD1/PDL1 and CTLA4 have shown that inhibitory signals can be impaired, blocking T cell activation and function. MoAbs, used as both single-agents or in combination with standard therapy for the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), have exhibited advantages in terms of overall survival and response rate; nivolumab, pembrolizumab, atezolizumab and more recently, durvalumab, have already been approved for lung cancer treatment and more compounds are in the pipeline. A better understanding of signaling elicited by these antibodies on T cell subsets, as well as identification of biological determinants of sensitivity, resistance and correlates of efficacy, will help to define the mechanisms of antitumor responses. In addition, the relevance of T regulatory cells (Treg) involved in immune responses in cancer is attracting increasing interest. A major challenge for future research is to understand why a durable response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) occurs only in subsets of patients and the mechanisms of resistance after an initial response. This review will explore current understanding and future direction of research on ICI treatment in lung cancer and the impact of tumor immune microenvironment n influencing clinical responses.

scholarly journals Management of Adverse Events Induced by Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Lung Cancer Treatment

Haigan ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 231-237
Author(s):  
Satoru Miura ◽  
Sachiko Isogai ◽  
Masaki Yoshino ◽  
Junko Baba ◽  
Takasue Kajiwara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Adverse Events ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Lung Cancer Treatment

Immune checkpoint inhibitors: Significant advancements in non–small cell lung cancer treatment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashley E Glode ◽  
Megan B May
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Novel Therapies ◽  
Small Cell Lung

Abstract Purpose This article explores the efficacy, toxicity, place in therapy, and considerations for use of recently approved immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in the treatment of non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Summary Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in the United States and is responsible for more cancer-related deaths than breast, prostate, and colorectal cancer combined. The landscape for lung cancer treatment is evolving with the approval of new and exciting novel therapies. Within the last decade numerous ICIs have been approved for use in the management of the most common subtype of lung cancer, NSCLC. The ICI agents currently approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for use in NSCLC include ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab, and atezolizumab. These agents are approved for specific indications; therefore, they are not interchangeable. This review focuses on the landmark trials that led to each FDA-approved indication, as well as common toxicities seen with use of these agents. It also discusses the use of ICIs in special populations and unique considerations prior to initiation of treatment with these novel therapies in a patient with NSCLC. Conclusion ICIs can provide a breakthrough treatment option for the management of NSCLC and are rapidly being adopted into clinical practice. It is important to be familiar with appropriate selection of an ICI therapy option for each patient based on approved indication, unique considerations, and anticipated toxicities.

Current status of treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors in the field of gynecological oncology

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-2
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Immune Checkpoint ◽  
Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Clinical Medicine ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Cell System ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Living Body ◽  
Foreign Objects

In our living body, foreign objects are eliminated by the function of immunity. On the other hand, cancer cells are known to have a mechanism to break the immune cell system that is trying to attack cancer in order to escape from the attack of immune cells. “Immune checkpoint inhibitors” prevent cancer cells from breaking the immune system. Therefore, the “immune checkpoint inhibitor” is a drug that induces the immune function to attack the original cancer. Currently, PD-1 antibody, PD-L1 antibody and CTLA-4 antibody are used in clinical medicine as anti-cancer drugs. In this paper, the authors discuss the clinical use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in gynecological tumors.

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