scholarly journals The Evolving Role of Gut Microbiota in the Management of Irritable Bowel Syndrome: An Overview of the Current Knowledge

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Mari ◽  
Fadi Abu Baker ◽  
Mahmud Mahamid ◽  
Wisam Sbeit ◽  
Tawfik Khoury
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Attractive Option ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Substantial Morbidity

The intestinal microbiota is one of the most rapidly evolving areas in biology and medicine. Extensive research in the last decade has escalated our understanding of the role of the microbiota in the pathogenesis of several intestinal and extra-intestinal disorders. Marked by high prevalence, substantial morbidity, and enormous costs, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is an important chronic gastrointestinal disorder that is widely encountered by gastroenterologists. Despite advances in our understanding of its pathophysiology, curative interventions have yet to be discovered, and therapeutic approaches remain symptom-driven. Recently, accumulating evidence has enlightened the possible impact of an imbalanced gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of IBS. In fact, several studies have documented altered microbiota in patients, while others have shown that IBS severity was associated with a distinct microbiota signature. These findings may pave the way for the use of microbiota manipulation strategies as an attractive option for IBS management, and may have an essential role in efforts to reduce the societal and economic effects of this ever-growing disorder. In this review, we have outlined the results of the latest research on the association between microbiota and IBS and their implications for the clinical management of affected patients.

scholarly journals Prokaryotic and Eukaryotic Fecal Microbiota in Irritable Bowel Syndrome Patients and Healthy Individuals Colonized With Blastocystis

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Céline Nourrisson ◽  
Julien Scanzi ◽  
Julie Brunet ◽  
Frédéric Delbac ◽  
Michel Dapoigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Fecal Microbiota ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Blastocystis is the most frequently isolated protozoan from human stool. Its role in human health is still debated, and a high prevalence was reported in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) subjects, suggesting a potential link with microbiota. In the present study, we aimed to investigate prokaryotic and eukaryotic microbiota in both IBS-C (constipated) and healthy individuals. We recruited 35 IBS-C patients and 23 healthy subjects, from which 12 and 11 carried Blastocystis, respectively. We performed 16S and 18S rRNA high-throughput sequencing on feces. Whereas we did not observe differences between infected and non-infected controls, several phyla were significantly modified in IBS-C patients according to the presence of Blastocystis. Tenericutes phylum and Ruminococcaceae family were especially increased in Blastocystis carriers. Furthermore, colonization with Blastocystis was associated with discrete changes in the microbial eukaryome, particularly among the Fungi taxa. Depending on the group of patients considered, the mycobiota changes do not go in the same direction and seem more deleterious in the IBS-C group. These results encourage further in vivo and in vitro investigations concerning the role of Blastocystis in the gut environment.

scholarly journals Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Me: A Sworn Rivalry

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (235) ◽  
Author(s):  
Selika Shakya
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Lower Abdominal Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Clinical Settings ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Irritable Bowel

“Three more hours”, I tell myself as I find my way to the exam hall. I see a bunch of my classmates cramming for the last minute, and here I am, in a corner, reminding myself that it’s just three more hours till I get away from this horror. Irritable Bowel Syndrome is a gastrointestinal disorder in which there is dull achy lower abdominal pain associated with either diarrhea or constipation. Though it has high prevalence, it is still an underrated disease which can be easily missed in clinical settings.

A 8-year population-based cohort study of irritable bowel syndrome in childhood with history of atopic dermatitis

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 755-761 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeng-Dau Tsai ◽  
I-Chung Wang ◽  
Te-Chun Shen ◽  
Cheng-Li Lin ◽  
Chang-Ching Wei
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Cohort Analysis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Trend Test ◽  
Hazard Ratios ◽  
History Of ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder affecting a large number of people worldwide. Based on the concept of central sensitization, we conducted a population-based cohort analysis to investigate the risk of IBS in children with atopic dermatitis (AD) as one of the first steps in the atopic march. From 2000 to 2007, 1 20 014 children with newly diagnosed AD and 1 20 014 randomly selected non-AD controls were included in the study. By the end of 2008, incidences of IBS in both cohorts and the AD cohort to non-AD cohort hazard ratios (HRs) and CIs were measured. The incidence of IBS during the study period was 1.45-fold greater (95% CI: 1.32 to 1.59) in the AD cohort than in the non-AD cohort (18.8 vs 12.9 per 10 000 person-years). The AD to non-AD HR of IBS was greater for girls (1.60, 95% CI: 1.39 to 1.85) and children≥12 years (1.59, 95% CI: 1.23 to 2.05). The HR of IBS in AD children increased from 0.84 (95% CI: 0.75 to 0.94) for those with ≤3 AD related visits to 16.7 (95% CI: 14.7 to 18.9) for those with >5 visits (P<0.0001, by the trend test). AD children had a greater risk of developing IBS. Further research is needed to clarify the role of allergy in the pathogenesis of IBS.

scholarly journals A Sensor System for the Monitoring of Production Processes of Low FODMAP Food

Proceedings ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (13) ◽  
pp. 761
Author(s):  
Marco Santonico ◽  
Simone Grasso ◽  
Giorgio Pennazza ◽  
Luca Vollero ◽  
Fabio Campoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Sensor System ◽  
Production Processes ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Multisensory System ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Irritable bowel syndrome is one of the most common gastrointestinal disorder. Despite its high prevalence, the factors responsible for the onset of the clinical symptoms are not clear yet. Recently, there was growing evidence the origin of IBS resides in a number of fermentable short-chain carbohydrates called FODMAPs. The present study assessed the possibility of using a multisensory system to detect the presence of FODMAPs in foods.

scholarly journals The Role of Bacteria, Probiotics and Diet in Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashton Harper ◽  
Malwina Naghibi ◽  
Davinder Garcha
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Financial Burden ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Choices ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
And Function

Irritable bowel syndrome is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal disorder that threatens the quality of life of millions and poses a substantial financial burden on healthcare systems around the world. Intense research into the human microbiome has led to fascinating discoveries which directly and indirectly implicate the diversity and function of this occult organ in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) pathophysiology. The benefit of manipulating the gastrointestinal microbiota with diet and probiotics to improve symptoms has been demonstrated in a wealth of both animal and human studies. The positive and negative mechanistic roles bacteria play in IBS will be explored and practical probiotic and dietary choices offered.

scholarly journals Targeting the Gut Microbiota to Relieve the Symptoms of Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1545
Author(s):  
Tomasz Wollny ◽  
Tamara Daniluk ◽  
Ewelina Piktel ◽  
Urszula Wnorowska ◽  
Anna Bukłaha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
World Population ◽  
Functional Disorder ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
Functional Responsiveness

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common, chronic, functional disorder with a large impact on world population. Its pathophysiology is not completely revealed; however, it is certain that dysregulation of the bidirectional communications between the central nervous system (CNS) and the gut leads to motility disturbances, visceral hypersensitivity, and altered CNS processing characterized by differences in brain structure, connectivity and functional responsiveness. Emerging evidence suggests that gut microbiota exerts a marked influence on the host during health and disease. Gut microbiome disturbances can be also important for development of IBS symptoms and its modulation efficiently contributes to the therapy. In this work, we review the current knowledge about the IBS therapy, the role of gut microbiota in pathogenesis of IBS, and we discuss that its targeting may have significant impact on the effectiveness of IBS therapy.

scholarly journals Neurotransmitter Dysfunction in Irritable Bowel Syndrome: Emerging Approaches for Management

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (15) ◽  
pp. 3429
Author(s):  
Mónica Gros ◽  
Belén Gros ◽  
José Emilio Mesonero ◽  
Eva Latorre
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Visceral Pain ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disorder ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Enhanced Expression ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Irritable Bowel ◽  
High Affinity Choline Transporter

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder whose aetiology is still unknown. Most hypotheses point out the gut-brain axis as a key factor for IBS. The axis is composed of different anatomic and functional structures intercommunicated through neurotransmitters. However, the implications of key neurotransmitters such as norepinephrine, serotonin, glutamate, GABA or acetylcholine in IBS are poorly studied. The aim of this review is to evaluate the current evidence about neurotransmitter dysfunction in IBS and explore the potential therapeutic approaches. IBS patients with altered colorectal motility show augmented norepinephrine and acetylcholine levels in plasma and an increased sensitivity of central serotonin receptors. A decrease of colonic mucosal serotonin transporter and a downregulation of α2 adrenoceptors are also correlated with visceral hypersensitivity and an increase of 5-hydroxyindole acetic acid levels, enhanced expression of high affinity choline transporter and lower levels of GABA. Given these neurotransmitter dysfunctions, novel pharmacological approaches such as 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and 5-HT4 receptor agonists are being explored for IBS management, for their antiemetic and prokinetic effects. GABA-analogous medications are being considered to reduce visceral pain. Moreover, agonists and antagonists of muscarinic receptors are under clinical trials. Targeting neurotransmitter dysfunction could provide promising new approaches for IBS management.

The role of intestinal microbiota in the development of urolithiasis in patients with an irritable bowel syndrome

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 29-36
Author(s):  
I. A. Derkach ◽  
A. E. Dorofeyev ◽  
M. M. Rudenko ◽  
G. A. Dorofeyeva ◽  
Yu. Z. Dynia
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Irritable Bowel

Review: The Role of MOP and DOP Receptors in Treatment of Diarrheapredominant Irritable Bowel Syndrome

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 1462-1469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agata Jarmu| ◽  
Marta Zieli|ska ◽  
Karolina Le| ◽  
Martyna Banaszek ◽  
Martin Storr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Irritable Bowel Syndrome ◽  
Irritable Bowel
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