scholarly journals Going Beyond Conventional Mammographic Density to Discover Novel Mammogram-Based Predictors of Breast Cancer Risk

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
John L Hopper ◽  
Tuong L Nguyen ◽  
Daniel F Schmidt ◽  
Enes Makalic ◽  
Yun-Mi Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Risk Measures ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Interval Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors

This commentary is about predicting a woman’s breast cancer risk from her mammogram, building on the work of Wolfe, Boyd and Yaffe on mammographic density. We summarise our efforts at finding new mammogram-based risk predictors, and how they combine with the conventional mammographic density, in predicting risk for interval cancers and screen-detected breast cancers across different ages at diagnosis and for both Caucasian and Asian women. Using the OPERA (odds ratio per adjusted standard deviation) concept, in which the risk gradient is measured on an appropriate scale that takes into account other factors adjusted for by design or analysis, we show that our new mammogram-based measures are the strongest of all currently known breast cancer risk factors in terms of risk discrimination on a population-basis. We summarise our findings graphically using a path diagram in which conventional mammographic density predicts interval cancer due to its role in masking, while the new mammogram-based risk measures could have a causal effect on both interval and screen-detected breast cancer. We discuss attempts by others to pursue this line of investigation, the measurement challenge that allows different measures to be compared in an open and transparent manner on the same datasets, as well as the biological and public health consequences.

Breast cancer epidemiologic risk factors by HER2/neu status

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 585-585
Author(s):  
W. Y. Chen ◽  
G. A. Colditz ◽  
B. Rosner
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Benign Breast Disease ◽  
Breast Disease ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors

585 Background: Although breast cancers categorized by estrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) status are recognized to differ in their associations with standard breast cancer risk factors, little data exist on differences by HER2/neu status. Methods: The Nurses’ Health Study is a prospective cohort study of 121,700 registered nurses aged 30–55 in 1976 who answered biennial questionnaires to update medical and lifestyle factors and disease occurrence. Medical record review was used to confirm invasive breast cancer and abstract ER, PR, and HER2/neu status. Statistical analyses included both proportional hazards models to estimate relative risks and control for potential confounders and polytomous logistic regression to compare the effects. Only cases diagnosed from return of the 1998 questionnaire until June 2002 were included in the analysis since HER2/neu was only routinely assessed beginning with the 1998 follow-up cycle. Results: 211 HER2/neu positive and 770 HER2/neu negative cases were included in the analysis. In this predominantly postmenopausal group aged 52–77 in 1998, HER2neu negative cancers were more likely to be ER+/PR+ (72%) and less likely to be ER-/PR- (11%) than HER2/neu positive ones (58% ER+/PR+ and 24% ER-/PR-), but the majority of cancers were still ER+/PR+. In multivariate models, risk factor associations by HER2/neu status were similar with positive associations seen for family history, benign breast disease, body mass index, current postmenopausal hormone use, and cumulative alcohol consumption. However, when the subgroup of ER-/PR-/HER2/neu negative cancers were evaluated separately (N=83), most of these risk factor associations disappeared with the only significant risk factor being a prior history of benign breast disease. Conclusions: This is the first prospective data study to report on risk factor association by HER2/neu status. For the standard epidemiologic breast cancer risk factors, ER and PR status appear to better represent separate etiologic pathways, rather than HER2/neu status. However, the subgroup of ER/PR/HER2neu negative breast cancers appears to be distinct, although power was limited and HER2/neu status was not confirmed by central review. Additional analyses stratified by ER/PR status will also be presented. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Knowledge and Awareness on Risk Factors of Breast Cancers Among Homemakers

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽  
pp. 1439-1445
Author(s):  
Indumathi M ◽  
Kavitha S ◽  
Vishnupriya V ◽  
Gayathri R
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Information Source ◽  
College Education ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Globally the major cause of cancer associated death among women is breast cancer. Reports showed that all over world approximately 1.15 million women are affected by breast cancer. Lack of awareness and late diagnosis are the prime reasons behind the raising mortality associated with breast cancer. Breast cancer is becoming the principal cause of mortality worldwide and has greater impact in developing countries. The aim of the present study is to access the knowledge and awareness on risk factors of breast cancers among homemakers. About 150 participants were involved in the study. Self-administered questionnaire of close ended questions was prepared related to risk factors, symptoms, diagnostic modalities, prevention and treatment of breast cancer and distributed among homemakers through online survey forms. In the present study about 62.7% were aware of risk factors of breast cancer and 37.3% were not aware. Regarding the information source of breast cancer risk factors, most of the participants (43.3%) responded to from school or college education. The majority of the participants (60.7%) were aware that breast cancer is among the most prevailing cancers among women. Regarding the risk factors of breast cancer, 36% responded to obesity,10% responded to advanced age and 54% responded to family history of breast cancer. The majority of the participants (56.7%) responded age as a major risk factor. In the present study, knowledge and awareness on the breast cancer, risk factors among homemakers is moderate.

scholarly journals Adolescent and early adulthood inflammation-associated dietary patterns in relation to premenopausal mammographic density

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nichole A. Garzia ◽  
Kara Cushing-Haugen ◽  
Thomas W. Kensler ◽  
Rulla M. Tamimi ◽  
Holly R. Harris
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk ◽  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Mammographic Density ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Dietary Pattern ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Food Frequency ◽  
Cancer Risk Factors ◽  
Breast Cancer Risk Factors

Abstract Background Adolescence and early adulthood has been identified as a critical time window for establishing breast cancer risk. Mammographic density is an independent risk factor for breast cancer that may be influenced by diet, but there has been limited research conducted on the impact of diet on mammographic density. Thus, we sought to examine the association between adolescent and early adulthood inflammatory dietary patterns, which have previously been associated with breast cancer risk, and premenopausal mammographic density among women in the Nurses’ Health Study II (NHSII). Methods This study included control participants with premenopausal mammograms from an existing breast cancer case-control study nested within the NHSII who completed a Food Frequency Questionnaire in 1998 about their diet during high school (HS-FFQ) (n = 685) and/or a Food Frequency Questionnaire in 1991 (Adult-FFQ) when they were 27–44 years old (n = 1068). Digitized analog film mammograms were used to calculate the percent density, absolute dense, and non-dense areas. Generalized linear models were fit to evaluate the associations of a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and the Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI, an anti-inflammatory dietary pattern) with each breast density measure. Results Significant associations were observed between an adolescent pro-inflammatory dietary pattern and mammographic density in some age-adjusted models; however, these associations did not remain after adjustment for BMI and other breast cancer risk factors. No associations were observed with the pro-inflammatory pattern or with the AHEI pattern in adolescence or early adulthood in fully adjusted models. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate the dietary patterns during adolescence and early adulthood in relation to mammographic density phenotypes. Our findings do not support an association between adolescent and early adulthood diet and breast density in mid-adulthood that is independent of BMI or other breast cancer risk factors.

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