scholarly journals Dysfunction of Salivary Glands, Disturbances in Salivary Antioxidants and Increased Oxidative Damage in Saliva of Overweight and Obese Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Zalewska ◽  
Agnieszka Kossakowska ◽  
Katarzyna Taranta-Janusz ◽  
Sara Zięba ◽  
Katarzyna Fejfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Gender

Obesity is inseparably connected with oxidative stress. This process may disturb the functioning of the oral cavity, although the effect of oxidative stress on salivary gland function and changes in the qualitative composition of saliva are still unknown. Our study is the first to evaluate salivary redox homeostasis in 40 overweight and obese adolescents and in the age- and gender-matched control group. We demonstrated strengthening of the antioxidant barrier (superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, uric acid, total antioxidant capacity (TAC)) with a simultaneous decrease in reduced glutathione concentration in saliva (non-stimulated/stimulated) in overweight and obese teenagers compared to the controls. The concentration of the products of oxidative damage to proteins (advanced glycation end products), lipids (malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxynonenal) and DNA (8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine) as well as total oxidative status were significantly higher in both non-stimulated and stimulated saliva as well as plasma of overweight and obese adolescents. Importantly, we observed more severe salivary and plasma redox alterations in obese adolescents compared to overweight individuals. In the study group, we also noted a drop in stimulated salivary secretion and a decrease in total protein content. Interestingly, dysfunction of parotid glands in overweight and obese teenagers intensified with the increase of BMI. We also showed that the measurement of salivary catalase and TAC could be used to assess the central antioxidant status of overweight and obese adolescents.

scholarly journals Carvacrol attenuates cyclophosphamide-induced oxidative stress in rat kidney

2017 ◽  
Vol 95 (7) ◽  
pp. 844-849 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sibel Gunes ◽  
Adnan Ayhanci ◽  
Varol Sahinturk ◽  
Diler Us Altay ◽  
Ruhi Uyar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Tissue Damage ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Rat Kidney ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidative Effect ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Cyclophosphamide (CP) is an antineoplastic drug that induces kidney damage via producing oxidative stress. Carvacrol (CAR) has antioxidative effect and we postulated that it can be protective against CP-induced nephrotoxicity. Six groups (n = 7) of rats (control, 100 mg/kg CP, CP+5 mg/kg CAR, CP+10 mg/kg CAR, 5 mg/kg CAR, and 10 mg/kg CAR) were injected intraperitoneally. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), creatinine (CRE), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and total oxidant state (TOS) were measured, and oxidative stress indexes (OSI) were calculated. Kidneys were also analyzed histologically. In CP-alone group MDA, CRE, TOS, and OSI levels increased whereas GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAC levels decreased compared with control group. In CP plus CAR groups, MDA, TOS, and OSI levels decreased whereas GSH, SOD, CAT, and TAC levels increased compared with CP-alone group. However, CRE levels were similar in CP-alone and CP+5 CAR group whereas decreased in CP+10 CAR group. CP+10 CAR group was significantly different in all parameters (except TAC) from CP+5 CAR group. Kidney microscopy was showed lower tissue damage in CP plus CAR groups. In conclusion, 10 mg/kg CAR is more effective than 5 mg/kg CAR in prevention of CP-induced oxidative damage on kidney.

scholarly journals Total Oxidant and Antioxidant Capacity in Patients with Transfusion Dependent and Nondependent Beta Thalassemia

Blood ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 126 (23) ◽  
pp. 4573-4573
Author(s):  
Zeynep Karakas ◽  
Yasin Yilmaz ◽  
Dolay Damla Celik ◽  
Agageldi Annayev ◽  
Selcan Demirel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Beta Thalassemia ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Abstract Background: The patients with β-thalassemia are usually under oxidative stress due to iron overload as a result of ineffective erythropoiesis and repeated transfusions. The endogen (uric acid, indirect bilirubin) and exogenous (ascorbic acid and vitamin E) antioxidants protect the cells from oxidative damage. The evaluation of antioxidant defense system can be easily done by measuring serum total antioxidant capacity. The aim of this study is to investigate the total oxidant (TOC) and antioxidant capacity (TAC) of patients with transfusion dependent (TDT) and nondependent (NTDT) β -thalassemia. Methods: Fifty eight patients (age range 3-59; median age 24 years) with β-thalassemia (16 nontransfusion dependent, 42 transfusion dependent) who were followed-up by Istanbul Medical Faculty Thalassemia Center were enrolled in this study. The sex and age matched 25 healthy subjects were used as control group. The total oxidant and antioxidant capacity were measured by Rel Assay Diagnostics, Total Oxidant Status (TOS) kit and Total Antioxidant Status (TAS) kit. The statistics of results were done by SPSS version 21. Results: 58 patients were included consisting of β thalassemia intermedia (n=16) and β thalassemia major (n=42). The total oxidant capacity was found higher in patients than control group without significant differences. Beside this, the antioxidant capacity of patients was significantly increased (2.75 mmol/l vs 1.94 mmol/l; p=0.001). Within patients group, there was no significant differences in terms of TAC while the TOC level was high in NTDT (2.99 mmol/l vs 1.88 mmol/l; p=0.08). There was no significant relationship between TOC and sex, age (<18 vs >18 years), ferritin and splenectomy status, as the same for TAC. Conclusions: The oxidative damage in patients with β-thalassemia can trigger the morbidity. The measurement of TOC and TAC status stands a useful, rapid, and simple method to evaluate the complex oxidative mechanism of disease. There are still controversial results about antioxidant status in thalassemia patients. The irregular consume of supportive treatment such as zinc, vitamin C, vitamin E and herbal medicine may affect the TOC and TAC status. The results of this study can guide us to use the antioxidants to decrease the oxidative stress. Figure 1. Figure 1. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Effect of N-Acetylcysteine on Antioxidant Defense, Oxidative Modification, and Salivary Gland Function in a Rat Model of Insulin Resistance

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Żukowski ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk ◽  
Jan Matczuk ◽  
Krzysztof Kurek ◽  
Danuta Waszkiel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Normal Diet ◽  
Oxidative Modification ◽  
Parotid Glands

Oxidative stress plays a crucial role in the salivary gland dysfunction in insulin resistance (IR). It is not surprising that new substances are constantly being sought that will protect against the harmful effects of IR in the oral cavity environment. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) on oxidative stress and secretory function of salivary glands in a rat model of insulin resistance. Rats were divided into 4 groups: C—normal diet, C + NAC—normal diet + NAC, HFD—high-fat diet, and HFD + NAC. We have demonstrated that NAC elevated enzymatic (superoxide dismutase, catalase, and peroxidase) and nonenzymatic antioxidants (reduced glutathione (GSH) and total antioxidant capacity (TAS)) in the parotid glands of HFD + NAC rats, while in the submandibular glands increased only GSH and TAS levels. NAC protects against oxidative damage only in the parotid glands and increased stimulated salivary secretion; however, it does not increase the protein secretion in the both salivary glands. Summarizing, NAC supplementation prevents the decrease of stimulated saliva secretion, seen in the HFD rats affected. NAC improves the antioxidative capacity of the both glands and protects against oxidative damage to the parotid glands of IR rats.

scholarly journals N-acetylcysteine supplementation did not reverse mitochondrial oxidative stress, apoptosis, and inflammation in the salivary glands of hyperglycemic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zalewska Anna ◽  
Kuć Joanna ◽  
Zięba Sara ◽  
Matczuk Jan ◽  
Kostecka-Sochoń Paula ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Mitochondrial Fraction ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Oxidative Enzymes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Parotid Glands ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation

Abstract Background/objectives Previous studies have shown that N-acetylcysteine (NAC) supplementation with the simultaneous inclusion of HFD prevents salivary glands from oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction. In this experiment, we examined if NAC supplementation could reverse the harmful effect of HFD on mitochondrial function, reduce the severity of apoptosis, and the activity of pro-oxidative enzymes in the salivary glands of rats with confirmed hyperglycemia. Subjects/methods Wistar rats were fed the standard or high-fat (HFD) diet for 10 weeks. After 6 weeks of the experiment, HFD rats were diagnosed with hyperglycemia and for the next 4 weeks, the animals were given NAC intragastrically. In the mitochondrial fraction of the parotid (PG) and submandibular salivary glands (SMG), we assessed redox status, inflammation, and apoptosis. Results The inclusion of NAC increased the activity of mitochondrial complexes I and II + III as well as decreased the concentration of interleukin-1β, tumor necrosis factor α, and caspase-3, but only in the parotid glands of rats with hyperglycemia compared to the HFD group. However, N-acetylcysteine supplementation did not reduce the activity of caspase-9 or the Bax/Bcl-2 ratio in PG and SMG mitochondria. In both salivary glands we observed reduced activity of cytochrome c oxidase, NADPH oxidase, and xanthine oxidase, as well as hindered production of ROS and lower ADP/ATP radio, but the levels of these parameters were not comparable to the control group. Conclusions We demonstrated that NAC supplementation restores the glutathione ratio only in the mitochondria of the submandibular salivary glands. The supply of NAC did not significantly affect the other measured parameters. Our results indicate that NAC supplementation provides little protection against free radicals, apoptosis, and inflammation in the salivary gland mitochondria of HFD rats. Stimulated salivary secretion in hyperglycaemic rats supplemented with NAC seems to be closely related to mitochondrial respiratory capacity and appropriate ATP level.

Chemoprotective Effects of Propolis on Aflatoxin B1-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Rats: Oxidative Damage and Hepatotoxicity by Modulating TP53, Oxidative Stress

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 191-199
Author(s):  
Seval Yilmaz ◽  
Fatih Mehmet Kandemir ◽  
Emre Kaya ◽  
Mustafa Ozkaraca
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gene Expression ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Aflatoxin B1 ◽  
Tp53 Gene ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Cat Gene ◽  
Gst Activity

Objective: This study aimed to detect hepatic oxidative damage caused by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), as well as to examine how propolis protects against hepatotoxic effects of AFB1. Method: Rats were split into four groups as control group, AFB1 group, propolis group, AFB1+ propolis group. Results: There was significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) level and tumor suppressor protein (TP53) gene expression, Glutathione (GSH) level, Catalase (CAT) activity, CAT gene expression decreased in AFB1 group in blood. MDA level and Glutathione-S-Transferase (GST) activity, GST and TP53 gene expressions increased in AFB1 group, whereas GSH level and CAT activity alongside CAT gene expression decreased in liver. AFB1+propolis group showed significant decrease in MDA level, GST activity, TP53 and GST gene expressions, GSH level and CAT activity and CAT gene expression increased in liver compared to AFB1 group. Conclusion: These results suggest that propolis may potentially be natural agent that prevents AFB1- induced oxidative stress and hepatotoxicity.

scholarly journals NF-κB and FosB mediate inflammation and oxidative stress in the blast lung injury of rats exposed to shock waves

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Wang ◽  
Wenjuan Zhang ◽  
Jinren Liu ◽  
Junhong Gao ◽  
Le Fang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lung Injury ◽  
Shock Waves ◽  
Time Dependent ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Blast Lung Injury ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Blast lung injury (BLI) is the major cause of death in explosion-derived shock waves; however, the mechanisms of BLI are not well understood. To identify the time-dependent manner of BLI, a model of lung injury of rats induced by shock waves was established by a fuel air explosive. The model was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin staining and pathological score. The inflammation and oxidative stress of lung injury were also investigated. The pathological scores of rats’ lung injury at 2 h, 24 h, 3 days, and 7 days post-blast were 9.75±2.96, 13.00±1.85, 8.50±1.51, and 4.00±1.41, respectively, which were significantly increased compared with those in the control group (1.13±0.64; P&lt;0.05). The respiratory frequency and pause were increased significantly, while minute expiratory volume, inspiratory time, and inspiratory peak flow rate were decreased in a time-dependent manner at 2 and 24 h post-blast compared with those in the control group. In addition, the expressions of inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, FosB, and NF-κB were increased significantly at 2 h and peaked at 24 h, which gradually decreased after 3 days and returned to normal in 2 weeks. The levels of total antioxidant capacity, total superoxide dismutase, and glutathione peroxidase were significantly decreased 24 h after the shock wave blast. Conversely, the malondialdehyde level reached the peak at 24 h. These results indicated that inflammatory and oxidative stress induced by shock waves changed significantly in a time-dependent manner, which may be the important factors and novel therapeutic targets for the treatment of BLI.

Effect of B-ultrasound-guided nerve block on nerve block on analgesia and sedation in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing puncture and drainage

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (5) ◽  
pp. 3022-3028
Author(s):  
Fei Guo ◽  
Yongjun Wang ◽  
Shenghui Liu ◽  
Junrong Cao
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Acute Cholecystitis ◽  
Nerve Block ◽  
Sedation Score ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Ultrasound Guided ◽  
Total Antioxidant

To investigate the effect of B-ultrasound-guided nerve block on analgesia and sedation in patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing puncture and drainage. Methods 96 patients with acute cholecystitis who underwent puncture and drainage from May 2018 to November 2020 were randomly divided into control group and observation group by random number table method, with 48 cases in each group. The patients in the control group were anesthetized by local infiltration. The patients in the observation group were anesthetized by B-ultrasound-guided nerve block. Heart rate, blood pressure, analgesia score, sedation score, and oxidative stress level were compared between the two groups. Results At the time of puncture (T2), heart rate (HR) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in the two groups were significantly lower than those before operation (T1) (P<0.05); at the end of operation (T3), HR and MAP in the control group were significantly higher than those at T1 (P<0.05); at T2, HR and MAP in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05); at T3, HR and MAP in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05). AtT2 and T3, Ramsay sedation score in both groups was significantly lower than that at T1 (P<0.05), while Ramsay score in the observation group was significantly higher than that in control group (P<0.05); atT2 and T3, visual analog scale (VAS) pain score in both groups was significantly higher than that at T1 (P<0.05), while VAS score in the observation group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). After operation, the levels of serum malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in the two groups were significantly higher than those before operation (P<0.05), and the levels of serum total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) were significantly lower than those before operation (P<0.05); after operation, the levels of serum SOD and T-AOC in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), and the levels of MDA in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion B-ultrasound-guided nerve block anesthesia can maintain the stable hemodynamic index of patients with acute cholecystitis undergoing puncture and drainage therapy, improve the analgesic and sedative effect and reduce the oxidative stress response of the body.

The Association between Oxidative Stress and Cardiac Functions in Infants Born to Preeclamptic Mothers

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (11) ◽  
pp. 1205-1210
Author(s):  
Didem Arman ◽  
Secil Ercin ◽  
Sevilay Topcuoğlu ◽  
Ayşem Kaya ◽  
Taner Yavuz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Premature Infants ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Functions ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Echocardiographic Parameters ◽  
Oxidant Status ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Objective The present study aimed to assess the global oxidant and antioxidant status in infants born to preeclamptic mothers and their correlation with cardiac functions. Study Design We compared 40 infants born to preeclamptic mothers with 40 premature infants born to normotensive mothers. We assessed the relationship between echocardiographic measurements and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and total oxidant status (TOS) values. Results In the study group, TAC, TOS, and oxidative stress index (OSI) levels were significantly higher in the cord blood (p = 0.03, 0.04, and 0.039, respectively) than in the control group. We did not observe any correlation between echocardiographic measurements and TAC, TOS, and OSI levels in infants born to preeclamptic mothers. Conclusion Compared with the control group, despite higher TAC levels in infants born to preeclamptic mothers, concurrent elevated OSI levels reveal that the oxidant–antioxidant balance is disturbed in favor of oxidants. Furthermore, the findings of this study suggest that echocardiographic parameters are unaffected by the oxidant status.

scholarly journals Clinical efficacy of oxidative stress correction by actovegin in diabetic polyneuropathy at type 2 diabetic patients with arterial hypertension

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 84-89
Author(s):  
Ivan Petrovich Gorshkov ◽  
Vladimir Ivanovich Zoloedov ◽  
Anna Petrovna Volynkina
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arterial Hypertension ◽  
Diabetic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Aim. To study Actovegin efficacy in oxidative stress (OS) correction at diabetic polyneuropathy (DPN) in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 (DM2)and arterial hypertension (AH).Materials and Methods. 51 patients (24 women and 27 men) aged 53.4?0.7 with the average duration of DM2 5.6?0.2 years, DPN - 4.9?0.2years and AH - 6.0?0.2 years were examined. Daily albuminuria, glomerular filtration rate (GRF) were evaluated, standard methods for diagnosisof DPN were used. 26 patients took Actovegin therapy during 6-8 weeks, the rest 25 patients were in the control group. Parameters of the OS werestudied. Results. The increase of total oxidative capacity, the decrease of total antioxidant capacity and the rise of levels of antibodies to oxidated LDL wererevealed in patients with DM2, DPN and AH. Antioxidant and anti-hypoxic effects of 400 mg/day of Actovegin were established in this group of patients.Conclusions. Actovegin impacts oxidative stress parameters and improves the clinical manifestation of diabetic polyneuropathy.

scholarly journals Reversal of age-associated oxidative stress in mice by PFT, a novel kefir product

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842095014
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Ghoneum ◽  
Shaymaa Abdulmalek ◽  
Deyu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Oxidative stress is a key contributor to aging and age-related diseases. In the present study, we examine the protective effects of PFT, a novel kefir product, against age-associated oxidative stress using aged (10-month-old) mice. Methods: Mice were treated with PFT orally at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg body weight over 6 weeks, and antioxidant status, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation were studied in the brain, liver, and blood. Results: PFT supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide; reversed the reductions in glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) content; enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); inhibited the liver enzyme levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT); significantly reduced triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Interestingly, PFT supplementation reversed the oxidative changes associated with aging, thus bringing levels to within the limits of the young control mice in the brain, liver, and blood. We also note that PFT affects the redox homeostasis of young mice and that it is corrected post-treatment with PFT. Conclusion: Our findings show the effectiveness of dietary PFT supplementation in modulating age-associated oxidative stress in mice and motivate further studies of PFT’s effects in reducing age-associated disorders where free radicals and oxidative stress are the major cause.

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