scholarly journals The Coming Age of Flavonoids in the Treatment of Diabetic Complications

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 346 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teresa Caro-Ordieres ◽  
Gema Marín-Royo ◽  
Lucas Opazo-Ríos ◽  
Luna Jiménez-Castilla ◽  
Juan Antonio Moreno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Antioxidant Compounds ◽  
Randomized Controlled Studies

Diabetes mellitus (DM), and its micro and macrovascular complications, is one of the biggest challenges for world public health. Despite overall improvement in prevention, diagnosis and treatment, its incidence is expected to continue increasing over the next years. Nowadays, finding therapies to prevent or retard the progression of diabetic complications remains an unmet need due to the complexity of mechanisms involved, which include inflammation, oxidative stress and angiogenesis, among others. Flavonoids are natural antioxidant compounds that have been shown to possess anti-diabetic properties. Moreover, increasing scientific evidence has demonstrated their potential anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects. Consequently, the use of these compounds as anti-diabetic drugs has generated growing interest, as is reflected in the numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to this field. Therefore, the aim of this review is to assess the recent pre-clinical and clinical research about the potential effect of flavonoids in the amelioration of diabetic complications. In brief, we provide updated information concerning the discrepancy between the numerous experimental studies supporting the efficacy of flavonoids on diabetic complications and the lack of appropriate and well-designed clinical trials. Due to the well-described beneficial effects on different mechanisms involved in diabetic complications, the excellent tolerability and low cost, future randomized controlled studies with compounds that have adequate bioavailability should be evaluated as add-on therapy on well-established anti-diabetic drugs.

scholarly journals Click Activated Protodrugs Against Cancer Increase the Therapeutic Potential of Chemotherapy through Local Capture and Activation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kui Wu ◽  
Nathan Yee ◽  
Sangeetha Srinivasan ◽  
Amir Mahmoodi ◽  
Michael Zakharian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Unmet Need ◽  
Sodium Hyaluronate ◽  
Maximum Tolerated Dose ◽  
The Body ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Tumor Biomarker ◽  
Tumor Site

<div> <div> <div> <p>A desired goal of targeted cancer treatments is to achieve high tumor specificity with minimal side effects. Despite recent advances, this remains difficult to achieve in practice as most approaches rely on biomarkers or physiological differences between malignant and healthy tissue, and thus benefit only a subset of patients in need of treatment. To address this unmet need, we introduced a Click Activated Protodrugs Against Cancer (CAPAC) platform that enables targeted activation of drugs at a specific site in the body, i.e., a tumor. In contrast to antibodies (mAbs, ADCs) and other targeted approaches, the mechanism of action is based on in vivo click chemistry, and is thus independent of tumor biomarker expression or factors such as enzymatic activity, pH, or oxygen levels. The platform consists of a tetrazine-modified sodium hyaluronate-based biopolymer injected at a tumor site, followed by one or more doses of a trans-cyclooctene (TCO)- modified cytotoxic protodrug with attenuated activity administered systemically. The protodrug is captured locally by the biopolymer through an inverse electron-demand Diels-Alder reaction between tetrazine and TCO, followed by conversion to the active drug directly at the tumor site, thereby overcoming the systemic limitations of conventional chemotherapy or the need for specific biomarkers of traditional targeted therapy. Here, TCO-modified protodrugs of four prominent cytotoxics (doxorubicin, paclitaxel, etoposide and gemcitabine) are used, highlighting the modularity of the CAPAC platform. In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity, solubility, stability and activation rendered the protodrug of doxorubicin, SQP33, as the most promising candidate for in vivo studies. Studies in rodents show that a single injection of the tetrazine-modified biopolymer, SQL70, efficiently captures SQP33 protodrug doses given at 10.8-times the maximum tolerated dose of conventional doxorubicin with greatly reduced systemic toxicity. </p> </div> </div> </div>

Viscum album (L) extracts in cancer treatment: a systematic review of in vitro and in vivo studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-52
Author(s):  
Aloisio Cunha de Carvalho ◽  
Leoni Villano Bonamin
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Pharmaceutical Preparations ◽  
Viscum Album ◽  
In Vitro Models ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Anti Cancer

Background: Several reviews about phytotherapy and homeopathy have been published in the last years, including Viscum album (VA.L). VA is a parasite plant whose extract has anti-cancer proprieties and is used alone or in combination with conventional chemotherapy. Methods: We performed a systematic review about the in vivo and in vitro models described in the literature, including veterinary clinical trials. The literature was consulted from Pubmed database. Results: There are several kinds of pharmaceutical preparations about VA and their active principles used in experimental studies, lectin being frequently studied (alone or as an extract compound). More than 50% of available literature about VA is related to the lectin effects. On the other hand, the effects of viscotoxins are less studied. Among the in vivo experimental studies about VA and its compounds, the B16 murine melanoma is the most used model, followed by Ehrlich, Walker and Dalton tumors. The results point to the apoptotic effects, metastasis control and tumor regression. Some veterinary clinical studies about the use of VA in the treatment of sarcoid, fibrosarcoma and neuroblastoma are quoted in literature too, with interesting results. Considering the in vitro models, our review revealed that NALM6 leukemia cells, B16 melanoma and NC1-H460 lung carcinoma were the most studied tumor models, apoptosis signals being the most important findings. Only one study verified immunoglobulin and interleukin production. All consulted papers were related to phytotherapy preparations only. Conclusions: Although the literature about the anti-cancer activity of VA extract and its lectins is enough, there is a marked lack of information about viscotoxin activities and about the effects of homeopathic preparations of this plant on animal tumors and on in vitro cultivated tumor cells.

scholarly journals How Harmful Is Particulate Matter Emitted from Biomass Burning? A Thailand Perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 353-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helinor J. Johnston ◽  
William Mueller ◽  
Susanne Steinle ◽  
Sotiris Vardoulakis ◽  
Kraichat Tantrakarnapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor Environments ◽  
Epidemiology Studies

Abstract Purpose of Review A large body of epidemiological evidence demonstrates that exposure to particulate matter (PM) is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. Many epidemiology studies have investigated the health effects of PM in Europe and North America and focussed on traffic derived PM. However, elevated levels of PM are a global problem and the impacts of other sources of PM on health should be assessed. Biomass burning can increase PM levels in urban and rural indoor and outdoor environments in developed and developing countries. We aim to identify whether the health effects of traffic and biomass burning derived PM are similar by performing a narrative literature review. We focus on Thailand as haze episodes from agricultural biomass burning can substantially increase PM levels. Recent Findings Existing epidemiology, in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that biomass burning derived PM elicits toxicity via stimulation of oxidative stress, inflammation and genotoxicity. Thus, it is likely to cause similar adverse health outcomes to traffic PM, which causes toxicity via similar mechanisms. However, there is conflicting evidence regarding whether traffic or biomass burning derived PM is most hazardous. Also, there is evidence that PM released from different biomass sources varies in its toxic potency. Summary We recommend that epidemiology studies are performed in Thailand to better understand the impacts of PM emitted from specific biomass sources (e.g. agricultural burning). Further, experimental studies should assess the toxicity of PM emitted from more diverse biomass sources. This will fill knowledge gaps and inform evidence-based interventions that protect human health.

scholarly journals Power spectral density-based nearinfrared sub-band detection for noninvasive blood glucose prediction in both in-vitro and in-vivo studies

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (06) ◽  
pp. 1850035
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Akkaya ◽  
Erman Selim ◽  
Mert Altintas ◽  
Mehmet Engin
Keyword(s):  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Spectral Density ◽  
Power Spectral Density ◽  
Optical System ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Power Spectral

Diabetes is a widespread and serious disease and noninvasive measurement has been in high demand. To address this problem, a power spectral density-based method was offered for determining glucose sensitive sub-bands in the nearinfrared (NIR) spectrum. The experiments were conducted using phantoms of different optical properties in-vitro conditions. The optical bands 1200–1300[Formula: see text]nm and 2100–2200[Formula: see text]nm were found feasible for measuring blood glucose. After that, a photoplethysmography (PPG)-based low cost and portable optical system was designed. It has six different NIR wavelength LEDs for illumination and an InGaAs photodiode for detection. Optical density values were calculated through the system and used as independent variables for multiple linear regression analysis. The results of blood glucose levels for 24 known healthy subjects showed that the optical system prediction was nearly 80% in the A zone and 20% in the B zone according to the Clarke Error Grid analysis. It was shown that a promising easy-use, continuous, and compact optical system had been designed.

scholarly journals Quercetin as a Novel Therapeutic Approach for Lymphoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Saiedeh Razi Soofiyani ◽  
Kamran Hosseini ◽  
Haleh Forouhandeh ◽  
Tohid Ghasemnejad ◽  
Vahideh Tarhriz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Studies ◽  
Hodgkin’S Lymphoma ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Hodgkin's Lymphoma ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Malignant Diseases ◽  
Antitumor Effects

Lymphoma is a name for malignant diseases of the lymphatic system including Hodgkin’s lymphoma and non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma. Although several approaches are used for the treatment of these diseases, some of them are not successful and have serious adverse effects. Therefore, other effective treatment methods might be interesting. Studies have indicated that plant ingredients play a key role in treating several diseases. Some plants have already shown a potential therapeutic effect on many malignant diseases. Quercetin is a flavonoid found in different plants and could be useful in the treatment of different malignant diseases. Quercetin has its antimalignant effects through targeting main survival pathways activated in tumor cells. In vitro/in vivo experimental studies have demonstrated that quercetin possesses a cytotoxic effect on lymphoid cancer cells. Regardless of the optimum results that have been obtained from both in vitro/in vivo studies, few clinical studies have analyzed the antitumor effects of quercetin in lymphoid cancers. Thus, it seems that more clinical studies should introduce quercetin as a therapeutic, alone or in combination with other chemotherapy agents. Here, in this study, we reviewed the anticancer effects of quercetin and highlighted the potential therapeutic effects of quercetin in various types of lymphoma.

scholarly journals In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial, Cytotoxic and Adherence Studies of Selected Commercial Probiotics

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 2085-2091
Author(s):  
Kolli Guna Ranjan ◽  
Girija Sankar G. ◽  
D.V.V. Satyanarayana Raju
Keyword(s):  
Cell Lines ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Cytotoxic Activities ◽  
Safety Aspects ◽  
A Value ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Commercial Probiotics

There is increasing scientific evidence and commercial interest for using probiotics for eliminating and handling of specific diseases. Probiotics can be evaluated for its role and performance against isolated pathogens from contaminating sources. The present work reports on invitro antimicrobial activity of commercial selected probiotics against pathogenic microbe Vibrio parahaemolyticus. The work also describes cytotoxic activities using MTT assay and adherence studies of selected probiotics. Results for the studies showed maximum zone of inhibition 13.66±0.46mm in probiotic enteroplus,12.33±0.93mm in lactobacillus (NCIM2056) and 10.66±0.93mm in Avant Bact. Cytotoxicity was expressed as IC50(µg/ml) values, observed on CaCO cell lines for different probiotics. Avant Bact showed a IC50 value of 104.7745, Lactobacillus (NCIM2056) a value of 58.13223 and Enteroplus a value of 50.09716. These values expressed different safety aspects of probiotics used for study. Finally the adherence study was done to check probiotic colonizing capacity. The probiotics showed varied adherence capacity against caco cell lines. Enteroplus has % adhesion of 10.25±0.74, Avant Bact. 7.25±0.82 and Lactobacillus (NCIM2056) 7.5±1.12. In conclusion antimicrobial results show importance of probiotics to be used against specific gastro intestinal diseases. Cytotoxicity determines safety aspects of probiotics and adherence study determines probiotic as a promising candidate for in vivo studies.

Role of Probiotics in Enteric Disease Management And Their Antivirulence Properties

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hasnain Farooq ◽  
Kaleem Ullah ◽  
Zunair Akmal ◽  
Amir Hussain Shahzad ◽  
Affifa Tajamma ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Management Tool ◽  
Enteric Disease ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Probiotic Activity

Probiotics have been the core area of study since last few decades due to their immense beneficial effects on human health. They are widely incorporated as a verity of products in food industry. Prebiotics are the commonly used fibers and when used in combination with probiotics are called as synbiotics, thus enhancing the probiotic activity. Several in vitro and in vivo studies have revealed the application of these microbiota management tool for the prevention and cure of diseases. Diarrhea prevention, atopiceczema, dental care, cancer therapy and treatment of bowel syndrome are the various health benefits provided by probiotic activity. These wonderful microorganisms have the enzymatic activity of breakdowning the food macromolecules, secretion of anti rnicrobial substances, anti-carcinogenicability, enhancing immune system, improved ability in producing short-chain fatty acid, anti atherogenicability, allergen regulation, anti-virulence activity, treatment of urinary tract infections and many more. In the light of this remarkable ongoing trend and the scientific evidence obtained on these microbiota, it is the need of hour to do further research on dose and optimal probiotic for specific diseases. This narrative review present the current documentation on enteric disease management stratagies and antivirulence studies focusing on quantum sensing inhibition, anti-toxin effects and anti-invasion effects.

scholarly journals Novel Video-Laryngoscope with Wireless Image Transmission via Wi-Fi towards a Smartphone

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 1629
Author(s):  
Mauricio Guerra-Hernández ◽  
Gabriela Josefina Vidaña-Martínez ◽  
José S. Camacho-Juárez ◽  
Hugo Barragán-Villegas ◽  
José Enrique Calacuayo-Rojas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Image Transmission ◽  
Video Laryngoscope ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Smart Devices ◽  
Performance Indexes ◽  
In Vivo Tests

A low-cost video laryngoscope (VDL) called Hybrid 1.0 was developed using smart devices for visualization. To test its performance, we compared it with a high-end VDL device, using both in vitro and in vivo studies. During the in vitro study, medical students without experience in airway intubation were randomly asked to intubate a mannequin with different degrees of difficulty (Cormack–Lehane scales) by using either the Hybrid 1.0 VDL (GI) or a conventional laryngoscope (GII). During the in vivo study, N = 60 endotracheal intubations were performed by resident and base physicians, divided into two groups; the first group intubated with the Hybrid 1.0 VDL (GI) while the second group used a VDL C-Mac shovel (GII). As performance indexes, both studies reported the number of successful intubations (correct capnography signal) and intubation time. For the in vitro testing, no statistically significant differences were found regarding the number of successful intubations, while statistically significant differences were found regarding the intubation times. During the in vivo tests, procedures were performed by residents and by base physicians, and no statistically significant differences were found. The provided results point out that the VDL proposed can be clinically useful and offers technical characteristics similar to other VDLs that currently exist on the market.

scholarly journals Bletilla striataMicron Particles Function as a Hemostatic Agent by Promoting Rapid Blood Aggregation

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Zhang ◽  
Rui Zeng ◽  
Zhencheng Liao ◽  
Chaomei Fu ◽  
Hui Luo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Hemostatic Agent ◽  
Severe Bleeding ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
Visible Particle ◽  
Injury Model

The human body cannot control blood loss without treatment. Available hemostatic agents are ineffective at treating cases of severe bleeding and are expensive or raise safety concerns.Bletilla striataserve as an inexpensive, natural, and promising alternative. However, no detailed studies on its hemostatic approach have been performed. The aim of this study was to examine the hemostatic effects ofB. striataMicron Particles (BSMPs) and their hemostatic mechanisms. We prepared and characterized BSMPs of different size ranges and investigated their use as hemostatic agent. BSMPs of different size ranges were characterized by scanning electron microscope. In vitro coagulation studies revealed BSMP-blood aggregate formation via stereoscope and texture analyzers. In vivo studies based on rat injury model illustrated the BSMP capabilities under conditions of hemostasis. Compared to other BSMPs of different size ranges, BSMPs of 350–250 μm are most efficient in hemostasis. As powder sizes decrease, the degree of aggregation between particles and hemostatic BSMP effects declines. The BSMP in contact with a bleeding surface locally forms a visible particle/blood aggregate as a physical barrier that facilitates hemostasis. Considering the facile preparation, low cost, and long shelf life ofB. striata, BSMPs offer great potential as mechanisms of trauma treatment.

scholarly journals Natural Treatments for Fissure in Ano Used by Traditional Persian Scholars, Razi (Rhazes) and Ibn Sina (Avicenna)

2016 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-333 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Reza Derakhshan
Keyword(s):  
Anal Fissure ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Lifestyle Modifications ◽  
Fissure In Ano ◽  
Ibn Sina ◽  
Almost All

Most cases of chronic fissure do not respond to medical treatment. Razi and Ibn Sina were 2 of the best-known scientists of ancient Persia. The purpose of this study was to find out new scientific evidence in modern medicine about their recommendations, in order to find certain clues to conduct useful researches in the future. First, treatments of anal fissure mentioned by Razi and Ibn Sina were reviewed. Then, literature search was made in electronic databases including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Management of anal fissure according to Razi’s and Ibn Sina’s practices is done based on 3 interventions: lifestyle modifications, drug treatments, and manual procedures. Almost all remedies suggested by Razi and Ibn Sina have shown their effects on fissure in ano via several mechanisms of action in many in vitro and in vivo studies; Still there is lack of human studies on the subject.

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