scholarly journals Impaired HDL Metabolism Links GlycA, A Novel Inflammatory Marker, with Incident Cardiovascular Events

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 2137 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kayla A. Riggs ◽  
Parag H. Joshi ◽  
Amit Khera ◽  
Kavisha Singh ◽  
Oludamilola Akinmolayemi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Coronary Revascularization ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Acute Phase Reactants ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
The Impact

High-density lipoproteins (HDL) exert anti-atherosclerotic effects via reverse cholesterol transport, yet this salutary property is impaired in the setting of inflammation. GlycA, a novel integrated glycosylation marker of five acute phase reactants, is linked to cardiovascular (CV) events. We assessed the hypothesis that GlycA is associated with measures of impaired HDL function and that dysfunctional HDL may contribute to the association between GlycA and incident CV events. Baseline measurements of HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), apoliprotein A1 (Apo A1), cholesterol efflux capacity, GlycA and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were obtained from the Dallas Heart Study, a multi-ethnic cohort of 2643 adults (median 43 years old; 56% women, 50% black) without cardiovascular disease (CVD). GlycA was derived from nuclear magnetic resonance imaging. Participants were followed for first nonfatal MI, nonfatal stroke, coronary revascularization, or CV death over a median of 12.4 years (n = 197). The correlation between GlycA and hs-CRP was 0.58 (p < 0.0001). In multivariate models with HDL-C, GlycA was directly associated with HDL-P and Apo A1 and inversely associated with cholesterol efflux (standardized beta estimates: 0.08, 0.29, -0.06, respectively; all p ≤ 0.0004) GlycA was directly associated with incident CV events (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) for Q4 vs. Q1: 3.33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.99, 5.57). Adjustment for cholesterol efflux mildly attenuated this association (HR for Q4 vs. Q1: 3.00, 95% CI 1.75 to 5.13). In a multi-ethnic cohort, worsening inflammation, as reflected by higher GlycA levels, is associated with higher HDL-P and lower cholesterol efflux. Impaired cholesterol efflux likely explains some of the association between GlycA and incident CV events. Further studies are warranted to investigate the impact of inflammation on HDL function and CV disease.

Environmental Factors Modifying HDL Functionality

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine E. Kosmas ◽  
Andreas Sourlas ◽  
Eliscer Guzman ◽  
Christina E. Kostara
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cardiovascular Effects ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Hdl Functionality ◽  
The Impact

Background: Currently, it has been recognized that High-Density Lipoproteins (HDL) functionality plays a much more essential role in protection from atherosclerosis than circulating HDL-cholesterol (HDL-C) levels per se. Cholesterol efflux from macrophages to HDL, cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) has been shown to be a key metric of HDL functionality. Thus, quantitative assessment of CEC may be an important tool for the evaluation of HDL functionality, as improvement of HDL function may lead to a reduction of the risk for Cardiovascular disease (CVD). Introduction: Although the cardioprotective action of HDLs is exerted mainly through their involvement in the reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) pathway, HDLs also have important anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiaggregatory and anticoagulant properties that contribute to their favorable cardiovascular effects. Certain genetic, pathophysiologic, disease states and environmental conditions may influence the cardioprotective effects of HDL either by inducing modifications in lipidome and/or protein composition or in the enzymes responsible for HDL metabolism. On the other hand, certain healthy habits or pharmacologic interventions may actually favorably affect HDL functionality. Method: The present review discusses the effects of environmental factors, including obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, dietary habits, various pharmacologic interventions, as well as aerobic exercise, on HDL functionality. Result: Experimental and clinical studies or pharmacological interventions support the impact of these environmental factors in the modification of HDL functionality, although the mechanisms that are mediated are poorly understood. Conclusion: Further research should be conducted to unreal the underlying mechanisms of these environmental factors and to identify new pharmacologic interventions, capable of enhancing CEC, improving HDL functionality and potentially improving cardiovascular risk.

scholarly journals HDL Cholesterol Efflux Capacity is Impaired in Severe Short-Term Hypothyroidism Despite Increased HDL Cholesterol

2020 ◽  
Vol 105 (9) ◽  
pp. e3355-e3362
Author(s):  
Trynke van der Boom ◽  
Congzhuo Jia ◽  
Joop D Lefrandt ◽  
Margery A Connelly ◽  
Thera P Links ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Particle Concentration ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Antioxidative Capacity ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Particle Characteristics ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Context Severe hypothyroidism has profound effects on lipoprotein metabolism including high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol elevations but effects on HDL function metrics are unknown. Objective To determine the impact of severe short-term hypothyroidism on HDL particle characteristics, HDL cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC), and HDL antioxidative capacity. Design Observational study with variables measured during severe short-term hypothyroidism (median TSH 81 mU/L) and after 20 weeks of thyroid hormone supplementation (median TSH 0.03 mU/L) (Netherlands Trial Registry ID 7228). Setting University hospital setting in The Netherlands. Patients Seventeen patients who had undergone a total thyroidectomy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. Main outcome measures HDL particle characteristics (nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry), CEC (human THP-1-derived macrophage foam cells and apolipoprotein B-depleted plasma), and HDL anti-oxidative capacity (inhibition of low-density lipoprotein oxidation). Results During hypothyroidism plasma total cholesterol, HDL cholesterol and apolipoprotein A-I were increased (P ≤ 0.001). HDL particle concentration was unchanged, but there was a shift in HDL subclasses toward larger HDL particles (P &lt; 0.001). CEC was decreased (P = 0.035), also when corrected for HDL cholesterol (P &lt; 0.001) or HDL particle concentration (P = 0.011). HDL antioxidative capacity did not change. Conclusion During severe short-term hypothyroidism CEC, an important antiatherogenic metric of HDL function, is impaired. HDL cholesterol and larger HDL particles are increased but HDL particle concentration is unchanged. Combined, these findings suggest that HDL quality and quantity are not improved, reflecting dysfunctional HDL in hypothyroidism.

scholarly journals Prolonged bedrest reduces plasma high-density lipoprotein levels linked to markedly suppressed cholesterol efflux capacity

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Athina Trakaki ◽  
Hubert Scharnagl ◽  
Markus Trieb ◽  
Michael Holzer ◽  
Helmut Hinghofer-Szalkay ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Oxidative Capacity ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Vibration Exercise ◽  
Amyloid A ◽  
Hdl Function

Abstract Recent observations strongly connect high-density lipoproteins (HDL) function and levels with coronary heart disease outcomes and risk for infections and sepsis. To date, our knowledge of factors determining this connection is still very limited. The immobility associated with prolonged bedrest is detrimental to health, affecting several systems, including the cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal and urinary. Effects of prolonged bedrest on the composition and functional properties of HDL remain elusive. We evaluated metrics of HDL composition and function in healthy male volunteers participating in a randomized, crossover head-down bedrest study. We observed that HDL cholesterol efflux capacity was profoundly decreased during bedrest, mediated by a bedrest associated reduction in plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol and major apolipoproteins (apo) apoA-I and apoA-II. Paraoxonase activity, plasma anti-oxidative capacity and the activities of lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase and cholesteryl ester transfer protein were not affected. No change was observed in the content of HDL-associated serum amyloid A, a sensitive marker of inflammation. Resistive vibration exercise countermeasure during bedrest did not correct impaired cholesterol efflux capacity and only tended to increase arylesterase activity of HDL-associated paraoxonase. In conclusion, prolonged bedrest reduces plasma HDL levels linked to markedly suppressed HDL cholesterol efflux capacity. Resistive vibration exercise during bedrest did not correct HDL levels and impaired cholesterol efflux capacity.

scholarly journals Reactive Dicarbonyl Scavenging Effectively Reduces MPO-Mediated Oxidation of HDL and Restores PON1 Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiansheng Huang ◽  
Patricia G. Yancey ◽  
Huan Tao ◽  
Mark S. Borja ◽  
Loren E. Smith ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Adduct Formation ◽  
Paraoxonase 1 ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Pon1 Activity ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Impaired Ability ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mediated Oxidation

Atheroprotective functions of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) are related to the activity of HDL-associated enzymes such as paraoxonase 1 (PON1). We examined the impact of inhibition of myeloperoxidase (MPO)-mediated HDL oxidation by PON1 on HDL malondialdehyde (MDA) content and HDL function. In the presence of PON1, crosslinking of apoAI in response to MPO-mediated oxidation of HDL was abolished, and MDA-HDL adduct levels were decreased. PON1 prevented the impaired cholesterol efflux capacity of MPO-oxidized HDL from Apoe−/− macrophages. Direct modification of HDL with MDA increased apoAI crosslinking and reduced the cholesterol efflux capacity. MDA modification of HDL reduced its anti-inflammatory function compared to native HDL. MDA-HDL also had impaired ability to increase PON1 activity. Importantly, HDL from subjects with familial hypercholesterolemia (FH-HDL) versus controls had increased MDA-apoAI adducts, and PON1 activity was also impaired in FH. Consistently, FH-HDL induced a pro-inflammatory response in Apoe−/− macrophages and had an impaired ability to promote cholesterol efflux. Interestingly, reactive dicarbonyl scavengers, including 2-hydroxybenzylamine (2-HOBA) and pentyl-pyridoxamine (PPM), effectively abolished MPO-mediated apoAI crosslinking, MDA adduct formation, and improved cholesterol efflux capacity. Treatment of hypercholesterolemic mice with reactive dicarbonyl scavengers reduced MDA-HDL adduct formation and increased HDL cholesterol efflux capacity, supporting the therapeutic potential of reactive carbonyl scavenging for improving HDL function.

scholarly journals Whole egg consumption compared with yolk-free egg increases the cholesterol efflux capacity of high-density lipoproteins in overweight, postmenopausal women

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Sawrey-Kubicek ◽  
Chenghao Zhu ◽  
Allison S Bardagjy ◽  
Christopher H Rhodes ◽  
Romina Sacchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Whole Egg

ABSTRACTBackgroundPostmenopausal women are at higher risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD) than their younger counterparts. HDL cholesterol is a biomarker for CVD risk, but the function of HDL may be more important than HDL cholesterol in deciphering disease risk. Although diet continues to be a cornerstone of treatment and prevention of CVD, little is known about how diet affects the functionality of HDL.ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to characterize the effects of whole eggs compared with yolk-free eggs on HDL function and composition in overweight, postmenopausal women and determine how changes in HDL composition are related to HDL functional parameters.MethodsThe study was a 14-wk, single-blind, randomized crossover dietary trial with two 4-wk intervention periods in 20 overweight, postmenopausal women. The crossover treatments were frozen breakfast meals containing 100 g of liquid (∼2) whole eggs compared with 100 g of (∼2) yolk-free eggs per day, separated by a 4-wk washout. Fasting blood samples were taken at the beginning and end of each treatment period to determine the effects on HDL composition and function.ResultsCholesterol efflux capacity increased in the whole-egg treatment (mean ± SD percentage change: +5.69% ± 9.9%) compared with the yolk-free egg treatment (−3.69% ± 5.3%) (P < 0.01), but there were no other significant changes in HDL functions or antioxidant or inflammatory markers. ApoA-I, total cholesterol (TC), LDL cholesterol, and HDL cholesterol also did not change in response to the egg treatment.ConclusionsThe consumption of 2 whole eggs/d by overweight, postmenopausal women showed a significant increase in cholesterol efflux capacity. This increase in cholesterol efflux capacity was seen without significant changes in apoA-I, TC, LDL cholesterol, or HDL cholesterol, supporting the idea that HDL function rather than HDL cholesterol should be addressed in this population. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02445638.

Abstract 111: A Novel Assay that Incorporates Measurement of Ex Vivo LCAT Activity with Measurement of Cholesterol Efflux Capacity - Assessment of Two Biomarkers of Serum HDL Function

2013 ◽  
Vol 33 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi L Collins ◽  
Anthony C Sulpizio ◽  
Seanna M Unruh ◽  
Steven J Adelman
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Esterification ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
Artery Disease

Atheroprotective properties of high-density lipoproteins (HDL) may be due to the ability to remove lipids from peripheral cells to the liver for excretion during reverse cholesterol transport (RCT). Assays that measure functionality of serum HDL are needed to evaluate the therapeutic potential of treatments targeting HDL metabolism. Recent work shows an inverse correlation between cholesterol efflux capacity of serum HDL and coronary artery disease, demonstrating the value of measuring HDL functionality. Another function of HDL that promotes RCT is the capacity for esterification of cholesterol by lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT). A novel assay was developed that in addition to measurement of serum HDL efflux capacity incorporates measuring the capacity for esterification of HDL-cholesterol by LCAT. Assay methodology includes measurement of global cholesterol efflux via all known pathways (ABCA1, SR-BI, ABCG1 and passive diffusion) from J774 macrophage cells to serum HDL, and measurement of the proportion of cholesterol transferred to serum HDL that is esterified by LCAT over 4h. Assay validation included assessment of intra-assay repeatability, inter-assay precision, linearity, LOQ and specificity. Results showed the intra-assay variability (%CV) from six independent preparations of serum HDL is ≤10% for both the % efflux and the % esterification of cholesterol. Inter-assay variability between four separate assays is ≤13% for both the % efflux and the % esterification of cholesterol. Cholesterol efflux is linear up to concentrations of 2.8% serum HDL and cholesterol esterification is linear up to concentrations of 4% serum. The LOQ for the assay is 0.15% cholesterol efflux and 0.40% cholesterol esterification. Global cholesterol efflux was determined to be specific for known cholesterol acceptors such as serum HDL (p≤0.0001 versus media blank). The cholesterol esterification measured was determined to be specific for the action of LCAT because the presence of LCAT inhibitor decreased the % ester by 86-97% (p≤0.0009). This novel assay allows the measurement of two functional aspects of an individual subject’s serum HDL, the capacities for both cholesterol efflux and for esterification of cholesterol by LCAT.

scholarly journals High-Density Lipoproteins and the Kidney

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 764
Author(s):  
Arianna Strazzella ◽  
Alice Ossoli ◽  
Laura Calabresi
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Acyltransferase ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Density ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Lcat Deficiency ◽  
Progression Of Renal Disease ◽  
The Impact

Dyslipidemia is a typical trait of patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) and it is typically characterized by reduced high-density lipoprotein (HDL)-cholesterol(c) levels. The low HDL-c concentration is the only lipid alteration associated with the progression of renal disease in mild-to-moderate CKD patients. Plasma HDL levels are not only reduced but also characterized by alterations in composition and structure, which are responsible for the loss of atheroprotective functions, like the ability to promote cholesterol efflux from peripheral cells and antioxidant and anti-inflammatory proprieties. The interconnection between HDL and renal function is confirmed by the fact that genetic HDL defects can lead to kidney disease; in fact, mutations in apoA-I, apoE, apoL, and lecithin–cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) are associated with the development of renal damage. Genetic LCAT deficiency is the most emblematic case and represents a unique tool to evaluate the impact of alterations in the HDL system on the progression of renal disease. Lipid abnormalities detected in LCAT-deficient carriers mirror the ones observed in CKD patients, which indeed present an acquired LCAT deficiency. In this context, circulating LCAT levels predict CKD progression in individuals at early stages of renal dysfunction and in the general population. This review summarizes the main alterations of HDL in CKD, focusing on the latest update of acquired and genetic LCAT defects associated with the progression of renal disease.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Efflux Capacity Associates with the Ankle-Brachial Index but Not All-Cause Mortality in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1407
Author(s):  
Robert K. Clemens ◽  
Monika Hunjadi ◽  
Andreas Ritsch ◽  
Lucia Rohrer ◽  
Thomas O. Meier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peripheral Artery Disease ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Ankle Brachial Index ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
High Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Peripheral Artery ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Hdl Function ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Artery Disease

Background: Cholesterol efflux is an important mechanism by which high-density lipoproteins (HDLs) protect against cardiovascular disease. As peripheral artery disease (PAD) is associated with high mortality rates, mainly due to cardiovascular causes, we investigated whether cholesterol efflux capacity (CEC) of apolipoprotein B (apoB)-depleted plasma, a widely used surrogate of HDL function, may serve as a predictive marker for mortality in this patient population. Methods: In this prospective single-center study (median follow-up time: 9.3 years), apoB-containing lipoproteins were precipitated from plasma of 95 patients with PAD and incubated with J744-macrophages, which were loaded with radiolabeled cholesterol. CEC was defined as the fractional radiolabel released during 4 h of incubation. Results: Baseline CEC was lower in PAD patients that currently smoked (p = 0.015) and had a history of myocardial infarction (p = 0.011). Moreover, CEC showed a significant correlation with HDL-cholesterol (p = 0.003) and apolipoprotein A-I levels (p = 0.001) as well as the ankle-brachial index (ABI, p = 0.018). However, CEC did not differ between survivors and non-survivors. Neither revealed Kaplan–Meier and Cox regression analyses any significant association of CEC with all-cause mortality rates. Conclusion: Taken together, CEC is associated with ABI but does not predict all-cause mortality in patients with PAD.

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate Type on Serum Cardiometabolic Risk Indicators and Adipose Tissue Inflammatory Markers

2018 ◽  
Vol 103 (9) ◽  
pp. 3430-3438 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huicui Meng ◽  
Nirupa R Matthan ◽  
Susan K Fried ◽  
Silvia Berciano ◽  
Maura E Walker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Cardiometabolic Risk ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Risk Indicators ◽  
Dietary Carbohydrate ◽  
Fasting Serum

Abstract Context and Objective Direct comparisons between types of dietary carbohydrate in terms of cardiometabolic risk indicators are limited. This study was designed to compare the effects of an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, and unrefined carbohydrates on serum cardiometabolic risk indicators, adipose tissue inflammatory markers, and peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) fractional cholesterol efflux. Design, Participants, and Measures Participants [postmenopausal women and men (N = 11), 65 ± 8 years, body mass index 29.8 ± 3.2 kg/m2, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol ≥2.6 mmol/L] were provided with diets (60% energy from total carbohydrate, 15% from protein, 25% from fat) for 4.5 weeks in a randomized crossover design, with 2-week washout periods. The variable component was an isocaloric exchange of simple, refined, or unrefined carbohydrate–containing foods. Serum lipoprotein, glucose, insulin, and inflammatory marker concentrations were measured. Abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue was aspirated to assess macrophage and inflammatory marker gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, and PBMCs were isolated to assess ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux. Results Fasting serum LDL and non–high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations were higher after the refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrate–enriched diets (P &lt; 0.01). Other serum measures, ex vivo fractional cholesterol efflux and adipose tissue gene expression and ex vivo cytokine secretion, were similar between diets. Conclusions Diets enriched in refined compared with simple or unrefined carbohydrate resulted in higher fasting serum LDL and non-HDL cholesterol concentrations but had little effect on other cardiometabolic risk indicators. This small study raises the intriguing possibility that refined carbohydrate may have unique adverse effects on cardiometabolic risk indicators distinct from simple and unrefined carbohydrate.

Abstract 441: Gamma-glutamyltransferase and Markers of Subclinical Atherosclerosis in Patients with Psoriasis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenan Demircioglu ◽  
Feyza Aksu ◽  
Mustafa Caliskan ◽  
Yusuf Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Subclinical Atherosclerosis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Carotid Intima Media Thickness ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gamma Glutamyltransferase ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Hs Crp

Introduction: Gamma-glutamyltransferase(GGT) plays a catalytic role in degradation of glutathione. Serum GGT is accepted as a marker of oxidative stress.The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between serum GGT levels and epicardial adipose tissue (EFT) thickness, carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) measurements in patients with psoriasis. Methods: The study population included 89 patients with psoriasis and 79 healthy volunteers. After overnight fasting, blood samples were taken for to determine blood glucose levels and establishing cholesterol profiles including TG, TC, LDL cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol; GGT; and high- sensitivity C-reaktive protein (hs-CRP) levels. A high-resolution B-mode ultrasound machine (Toshiba, aplio XU) with a 7.5 MHz linear transducer used for examing CIMT.The right common carotid artery (CCA), approximately 1 cm proximal to the bifurcation, was longitudinally selected and CIMT was defined as the distance between the intima and the media. Results: 89 patients with psoriasis (age:41.7±10.9 years;41 women, 48 men), and 71 healthy control subjects (age:40.4±8.2 years;39 women, 32 men) were included. There were no significant variation for age and sex between two groups(p>0.05).The hs-CRP and GGT values were significantly higher in psoriasis, compared with the controls (hs-CRP:1.35(0.9-3.6)mg/l for psoriasis group, 0.45(0.29-0.79)mg/l for control group, p<0.001; GGT:20.6±9.6 U/l for psoriasis group, 16.7±8.0 U/l for control group, p=0.02. In psoriatic patients, CIMT and EFT were significantly inreased (0.60(0.50-0.68)mm vs. 0.50 (0.40-0.60)mm;p=0.007, 0.67±0.20cm; 0.27±0.12cm; p<0.001, respectively) compared with the control group. CIMT significantly positively correlated with EFT, age, BMI, diastolic BP and GGT.EFT significantly positively correlated with GGT, CIMT, age, hs-CRP, systolic BP and TG and negatively correlated with HDL cholesterol. Discussion: The pathophysiology of atherosclerosis in psoriasis is not fully explained.GGT may be used as an indicator of subclinical atherosclerosis like CRP.

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