scholarly journals Epigenome-Wide Association Analysis of Differentially Methylated Signals in Blood Samples of Patients with Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1307 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoonki Hong ◽  
Hye-Mi Choi ◽  
Hyun Sub Cheong ◽  
Hyoung Doo Shin ◽  
Chang Min Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Lung cancer is a common form of cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Early diagnosis using noninvasive biomarkers may play an important role in increasing the survival rate of patients with lung cancer. Biomarkers of DNA methylation in blood samples may improve the early diagnosis of lung cancer. Here, we used peripheral blood samples obtained from 150 patients diagnosed with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and 150 healthy controls. The latter were selected by frequency matching with the 150 patients with NSCLC, based on age, sex, and smoking status. Genome-wide methylation profiles were obtained using a MethylationEPIC BeadChip Kit, which covers the 850k bp cytosine–phosphate–guanine site. This analysis showed two significant differentially methylated changes (cg12169243 [DPH6] and cg25429010 [IMP3]) associated with NSCLC in current smokers, six changes (cg09245319, cg17183999 [USP7], cg06366994 [CPE], cg24992236 [MEG9], cg22144719, and cg22448179 [epidermal growth factor receptor]) associated with epidermal growth factor receptor mutation in patients with adenocarcinoma, and four changes (cg25021476 [RSL24D1], cg04989085 [FAM113B], cg20905681 [CKAP4], and cg26379694) associated with advanced-stage NSCLC compared with stage I NSCLC. The validation of these DNA methylation changes and further research on the related genes may help develop easily accessible biomarkers for the early diagnosis or prognosis of NSCLC.

scholarly journals Novel Emerging Molecular Targets in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 2625
Author(s):  
Sara Elena Rebuzzi ◽  
Lodovica Zullo ◽  
Giovanni Rossi ◽  
Massimiliano Grassi ◽  
Veronica Murianni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Molecular Targets ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Targeted Agents ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Epidermal Growth

In the scenario of systemic treatment for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, one of the most relevant breakthroughs is represented by targeted therapies. Throughout the last years, inhibitors of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK), c-Ros oncogene 1 (ROS1), and V-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homolog B (BRAF) have been approved and are currently used in clinical practice. However, other promising molecular drivers are rapidly emerging as therapeutic targets. This review aims to cover the molecular alterations with a potential clinical impact in NSCLC, including amplifications or mutations of the mesenchymal–epithelial transition factor (MET), fusions of rearranged during transfection (RET), rearrangements of the neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) genes, mutations of the Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene (KRAS) and phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase, catalytic subunit alpha (PIK3CA), as well as amplifications or mutations of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Additionally, we summarized the current status of targeted agents under investigation for such alterations. This revision of the current literature on emerging molecular targets is needed as the evolving knowledge on novel actionable oncogenic drivers and targeted agents is expected to increase the proportion of patients who will benefit from tailored therapeutic approaches.

scholarly journals Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Expression and Resistance Patterns to Targeted Therapy in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer: A Review

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 1206
Author(s):  
Emma-Anne Karlsen ◽  
Sam Kahler ◽  
Joan Tefay ◽  
Shannon R. Joseph ◽  
Fiona Simpson
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Targeted Therapy ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Resistance Patterns ◽  
Epidermal Growth

Globally, lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death. The majority of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumours express epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which allows for precise and targeted therapy in these patients. The dysregulation of EGFR in solid epithelial cancers has two distinct mechanisms: either a kinase-activating mutation in EGFR (EGFR-mutant) and/or an overexpression of wild-type EGFR (wt-EGFR). The underlying mechanism of EGFR dysregulation influences the efficacy of anti-EGFR therapy as well as the nature of resistance patterns and secondary mutations. This review will critically analyse the mechanisms of EGFR expression in NSCLC, its relevance to currently approved targeted treatment options, and the complex nature of secondary mutations and intrinsic and acquired resistance patterns in NSCLC.

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