scholarly journals Assessing Developmental Environmental Risk Factor Exposure in Clinical High Risk for Psychosis Individuals: Preliminary Results Using the Individual and Structural Exposure to Stress in Psychosis-Risk States Scale

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 994
Author(s):  
Teresa Vargas ◽  
Denise S. Zou ◽  
Rachel E. Conley ◽  
Vijay A. Mittal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Age Range

Introduction: Exposure to cumulative environmental risk factors across development has been linked to a host of adverse health/functional outcomes. This perspective incorporating information regarding exposure at differing developmental periods is lacking in research surrounding individuals at Clinical High Risk (CHR) for developing a psychotic disorder. Methods: CHR individuals (n = 35) and healthy volunteers (n = 28) completed structured clinical interviews as well as our group’s newly developed Individual and Structural Exposure to Stress in Psychosis-risk-states (ISESP) interview. Lifetime cumulative scores were calculated, and severity of stress was reported for multiple developmental periods/ages. Group differences were tested, and associations with current symptom domains were examined. Results: Significant group differences were not observed for lifetime cumulative events, though CHR trended toward endorsing more events and greater stress severity. For stress severity across development, there were trending group differences for the 11–13 age range, and significant group differences for the 14–18 age range; notably, comparisons for earlier time points did not approach statistical significance. Associations between negative symptoms and cumulative severity of exposure were observed. Discussion: Results suggest exploring exposure to cumulative environmental risk factors/stressors and stress severity across developmental periods is generally informative and possibly specifically so for predictive models and diathesis-stress psychosis risk conceptualizations.

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Factors for Bipolar Disorders and High-Risk States in Adolescence: A Systematic Review

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 689
Author(s):  
Giulia Menculini ◽  
Pierfrancesco Maria Balducci ◽  
Luigi Attademo ◽  
Francesco Bernardini ◽  
Patrizia Moretti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Stressful Life Events ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Bipolar Disorders ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Newcastle Ottawa Scale ◽  
Present Systematic Review

Background and objectives: A deeper comprehension of the role that environmental risk factors play in the development of adolescent Bipolar Disorder (BD), as well as in the evolution of high-risk states for BD, may entangle further prevention and treatment advances. The present systematic review is aimed at critically summarizing evidence about the role that environmental risk factors play in the development of BD in adolescence and their interaction with BD high-risk states. Materials and Methods: MEDLINE/Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science datasets were systematically searched until 4 September 2020. Original studies that reported information about the role of environmental risk factors in the development of BD during adolescence, or assessing their influence on the development of psychopathology in high-risk states for BD, were considered for inclusion. Two blind researchers performed title/abstract, full-text screening, and hand-screening of relevant references. The risk of bias was assessed by means of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results: Fourteen studies were included in the review. Negative stressful life events, particularly sexual and physical abuse, but also emotional mistreatment, were associated with more severe psychopathology in adolescents with BD, as well as with higher risk for developing mood disorders in BD offspring. Similar findings were detected for familial environment-related features, such as parental rejection and low perceived care, while no univocal results were found when analyzing familial functioning. Conclusions: The present systematic review confirmed the relevant role that environmental risk factors, particularly negative stressful live events and family-related features, play in the development of BD psychopathology during adolescence. Future studies are expected to clarify possible further environmental factors that may be implicated in the development of BD during youth that may serve as target of prevention and early treatment strategies.

scholarly journals Environmental Risk Factors in Patients with Noninvasive Fungal Sinusitis

Scientifica ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badr Eldin Mostafa ◽  
Mohammed M. K. El Sharnoubi ◽  
Hesham A. A. El-Sersy ◽  
Mohammed S. M. Mahmoud
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Dust Exposure ◽  
Fungal Sinusitis ◽  
Air Conditioners ◽  
Egyptian Patients ◽  
Control Study

Objective.The aim of our study was to try to determine the possible environmental risk factors for noninvasive fungal sinusitis in Egyptian patients.Methods.This is a prospective epidemiological case control study on the environmental risk factors of noninvasive fungal sinusitis. It included 60 patients and 100 age and sex matched controls.Results.There was a statistically significant relation between apartment floor, surface area, exposure to dust, exposure to cockroaches, poor air conditioning, and fungal sinusitis. Yet, no statistical significance was found between allergy related occupations, exposure to animals or plants, although their percentages were higher among cases, smoking, and urban or rural residence.Conclusion.We suggest that for patients with noninvasive fungal sinusitis a change in their living environment must be implied with better exposure to sunlight, larger well ventilated homes, proper cleaning of dust and cockroach extermination, and if possible the judicious use of air conditioners.

Risk of Venous Thrombosis Associated with White Cell Count On Peripheral Blood and Its Interrelationship with Other Environmental Risk Factors

Blood ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 120 (21) ◽  
pp. 1149-1149
Author(s):  
Suely M Rezende ◽  
Willem M. Lijfering ◽  
Frits R. Rosendaal ◽  
Suzanne C. Cannegieter
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Leukocyte Count ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
White Cell ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
Leukocyte Counts ◽  
Blood Leukocyte

Abstract Abstract 1149 Background: Antithrombotic prophylaxis needs to be balanced against bleeding risk. Therefore, risk stratification is useful to identify patients who would benefit most. In this study, we analyzed how VT risk relates to different leukocyte count. We also analyzed the effect of high leukocyte counts in groups with high risk of VT. Methods: In the MEGA case-control study, blood leukocyte count and information on environmental risk factors were collected from 2443 patients with VT and 1459 partner controls. Logistic regression analyses were adjusted for age and sex. Results: Population characteristics are detailed in Table 1. Risk of VT increased for measurements above the 97.5th percentile for total white cells, granulocytes, lymphocytes and monocytes. Adjusted odds ratio, [OR] for 99th percentile was 1.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.73–2.56), 1.48 (95% CI, 0.79–2.77), 1.20 (95% CI, 0.63–2.31) and 1.88 (95% CI, 1.02–3.46), for total white cells, granulocytes lymphocytes and monocytes, respectively, compared to the reference percentile (5th-95th) (Table 2). We also analysed the effect of high leukocyte counts on VT in high risk groups, including surgical patients, hospitalized patients, and patients with cancer. Adjusted OR for high leukocyte counts (white cell, lymphocyte, monocyte or granulocyte counts > 97.5th percentile) was 6.3 (95% CI, 0.84–47.1) for groups who had surgery or were hospitalized and 2.2 (95% CI, 0.6–8.2) for patients with cancer, respectively, compared with cell counts within the percentile between 5th and 97.5th. Conclusions: High blood leukocyte count is associated with increased risk of VT. The risk is further increased in high risk groups. These results may assist in individually tailored thromboprophylaxis in high risk groups. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Assessing psychosis risk using quantitative markers of disorganised speech

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E Morgan ◽  
Kelly Diederen ◽  
Petra E Vértes ◽  
Samantha HY Ip ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Language Processing ◽  
Graph Connectivity ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Clinical High Risk ◽  
Psychotic Illness ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Semantic Coherence ◽  
Psychosis Risk ◽  
Diagnostic Applications

AbstractRecent work has suggested that disorganised speech might be a powerful predictor of later psychotic illness in clinical high risk subjects. To that end, several automated measures to quantify disorganisation of transcribed speech have been proposed. However, it remains unclear which measures are most predictive of psychosis-onset, how different measures relate to each other and what the best strategies are to elicit disorganised speech from participants. Here, we assessed the ability of twelve automated Natural Language Processing markers to differentiate transcribed speech excerpts from subjects at clinical high risk for psychosis (N=25), first episode psychosis patients (N=16) and healthy control subjects (N=13; N=54 in total). In-line with previous work, several of these measures showed significant differences between groups, including semantic coherence and speech graph connectivity. We also proposed two additional measures of repetition and whether speech was on topic, the latter of which exhibited significant group differences and outperformed the prior, related measure of tangentiality. Most measures examined were only weakly related to each other, suggesting they provide complementary information and that combining different measures could provide additional power to predict the onset of psychotic illness. Finally, we compared the ability of transcribed speech generated using different tasks to differentiate the groups. Speech generated from picture descriptions of the Thematic Apperception Test and a story re-telling task outperformed free speech, suggesting that choice of speech generation method may be an important consideration. Overall, quantitative speech markers represent a promising direction for future diagnostic applications for psychosis risk.

scholarly journals Deconstructing Vulnerability for Psychosis: Meta-Analysis of Environmental Risk Factors for Psychosis in Subjects at Ultra High-Risk

2016 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 65-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Fusar-Poli ◽  
M. Tantardini ◽  
S. De Simone ◽  
V. Ramella-Cravaro ◽  
D. Oliver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Childhood Trauma ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Emotional Abuse ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Physical Neglect

AbstractBackgroundSubjects at ultra high-risk (UHR) for psychosis have an enhanced vulnerability to develop the disorder but the risk factors accounting for this accrued risk are undetermined.MethodSystematic review of associations between genetic or environmental risk factors for psychosis that are widely established in the literature and UHR state, based on comparisons to controls.ResultsForty-four studies encompassing 170 independent datasets and 54 risk factors were included. There were no studies on association between genetic or epigenetic risk factors and the UHR state that met the inclusion criteria. UHR subjects were more likely to show obstetric complications, tobacco use, physical inactivity, childhood trauma/emotional abuse/physical neglect, high perceived stress, childhood and adolescent low functioning, affective comorbidities, male gender, single status, unemployment and low educational level as compared to controls.ConclusionsThe increased vulnerability of UHR subjects can be related to environmental risk factors like childhood trauma, adverse life events and affective dysfunction. The role of genetic and epigenetic risk factors awaits clarification.

scholarly journals Social environmental risk factors for transition to psychosis in an Ultra-High Risk population

2015 ◽  
Vol 161 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 150-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian O'Donoghue ◽  
Barnaby Nelson ◽  
Hok Pan Yuen ◽  
Abbie Lane ◽  
Stephen Wood ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Risk Population ◽  
Ultra High Risk ◽  
Social Environmental

Self-Control As a Moderator for Environmental Risk Factors

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas A. Wills ◽  
Pallav Pokhrel ◽  
Frederick X. Gibbons ◽  
James D. Sargent ◽  
Mike Stoolmiller
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors ◽  
Self Control

Environmental Risk Factors in Multiple Sclerosis Questionnaire

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Pugliatti ◽  
I. Casetta ◽  
J. Drulovic ◽  
E. Granieri ◽  
T. Holmøy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Environmental Risk ◽  
Environmental Risk Factors
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