scholarly journals Role of Patient Sex in Early Recovery from Alcohol-Related Cognitive Impairment: Women Penalized

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 790
Author(s):  
Amandine Luquiens ◽  
Benjamin Rolland ◽  
Stéphanie Pelletier ◽  
Régis Alarcon ◽  
Hélène Donnadieu-Rigole ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Treatment Center ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Early Recovery ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Moca Score

Background: The objective was to explore the role of patient sex in cognitive recovery and to identify predictive factors for non-recovery in alcohol use disorder (AUD). Methods: All patients with AUD admitted to a residential addictions treatment center were systematically assessed at admission and after 6 weeks of abstinence in a controlled environment. The inclusion criteria were that patients were admitted for AUD with baseline alcohol-related cognitive impairment (baseline total Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) score < 26) and reassessed at 6 weeks (n = 395). A logistic regression model was built to determine the influence of sex on recovery status (MoCA < or ≥ 26) taking into account the interaction effect of sex with alcohol consumption on cognitive function. Results: The mean age was 50.10 years (SD = 9.79), and 27.41% were women. At baseline, the mean MoCA scores were 21.36 (SD = 3.04). Participants who did not achieve recovery (59.3% of women vs 53.8% of men) had lower total MoCA scores at baseline. The 2 factors that was significantly and independently associated with non-recovery and with a non-zero coefficient was being a woman and initial MoCA score (respective adjusted odds ratios (AOR) = 1.5 and 0.96, p-values < 0.05). Conclusions: These results could influence the time required in a controlled environment to maintain abstinence and the duration of in-care for women.

Treatment of Cognitive Impairment and the Role of Demographic Factors in Disease Progression: The Final Results of the Russian Observational Program “DIAMANT”

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Vladimir Anatolyevich Parfenov ◽  
Sergey Anatolyevich Zhivolupov ◽  
Irina Evgenyevna Poverennova ◽  
Marina Valentinovna Nesterova ◽  
Svetlana Evgenyevna Ushakova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Socioeconomic Factors ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Post Treatment ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Cognitive Improvement ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moca Score

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Chronic cerebral ischemia (CCI) is a form of cerebrovascular disease manifested as a vascular cognitive impairment (VCI). The management of the patients with CCI is determined by a healthy lifestyle and early therapy aimed at correcting and preventing this disease. Divaza is a drug with endothelial protective and nootropic effects. We present the final efficacy and safety analysis of all-Russian, open-label, prospective, observational, multicenter study of Divaza and emphasize the role of demographic and socioeconomic factors in cognitive disorder (CD) progression. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> CCI patients (<i>n</i> = 2,583) with or without CD were enrolled. Patients received Divaza (2 tablets 3 times per day for 12 weeks). Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) testing was required. The change in the mean MoCA score post-treatment was used as the primary endpoint. As the secondary endpoints, the number of patients with a MoCA &#x3c;26 and ≤17 (dementia); the percentage of patients with a MoCA score improvement in different age groups; the dynamics of mean MoCA score in age groups; and the relationship between CD and sex or regional social/economic factors were assessed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Divaza therapy led to a significant improvement: the mean MoCA score was up to 20% higher post-treatment (Wilcoxon test, <i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.0001 vs. baseline). The number of participants with MoCA ≥26 increased by 33.6%. The number of patients with dementia was 4.1 times less after therapy (<i>p</i> &#x3c; 0.00001 vs. baseline). Divaza improved cognitive functions of patients in each age group. Findings demonstrate that regional socioeconomic factors contribute to CD development and severity. The observed divergence between sexes was a result of a larger number of women enrolled. The study confirmed the safety of Divaza. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> In the study, we observed the efficacy of Divaza for the treatment of CD: a therapy contributed to an increase in the mean MoCA score and the positive dynamics in the number of patients with cognitive improvement.

scholarly journals A Comparative Evaluation on the effect of Zinc-Probiotic combination versus Zinc alone therapy in children (3month-5year) with acute watery diarrhea attending the outpatient clinic of Sub-District hospital, Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-268
Author(s):  
Dr. Mamta Nikhurpa ◽  
◽  
Dr. Renu Agnihotri ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Male Predominance ◽  
Watery Stool ◽  
Acute Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Group A ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Group B ◽  
Time Required

Background: Diarrhea is the major cause of morbidity and mortality among children worldwide.Various studies were done on the role of zinc therapy and probiotic therapy in reducing the durationand severity of acute watery diarrhea. This study aimed to compare the effect of Zinc –probioticcombination versus Zinc only therapy in acute watery diarrhea in pediatric patients. Material andMethods: This was an open, randomized control trial in the pediatric outpatient department of Sub-District Female Hospital, Haldwani (Uttarakhand), from June 2020 till August 2020 for three months.Total 104 children aged six months to 5 years with acute diarrhea who met the inclusion criteriawere enrolled and divided into 52 patients each. 1stGroup A (n=52) received Zinc-Probioticscombination therapy, and 2ndGroup B (n=52) received Zinc only. Measurement of disease severitywas based on the frequency of diarrhea (times/day) and duration of diarrhea (hours) after initialdrug consumption. The resolution was assessed in mean remission time (time required to form solidstool from watery stool).Result: Among the study population in group A, 62% were male, 38%were female, and in group B, 65% were male & 35% were female. Male predominance was observedin both groups. The mean frequency of diarrhea before treatment in Group A was 7.46 ± 4.1times/day as compared to 6.69 ± 3.6 times/day in Group B. Mean duration of diarrhea in Group Awas 53.5 ± 30.5 hours as compared to 57.6 ± 34.3 hours in Group B. Conclusion: Combinationtherapy was more effective than Zinc only therapy in early remission and resolution of acute waterydiarrhea in children.

scholarly journals ROLE OF GINKGO BILOBA IN TINNITUS BASED ON TINNITUS HANDICAP INVENTORY

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 9 (upjohns/volume9/Issue2) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
Monica Manhas
Keyword(s):  
Informed Consent ◽  
Ginkgo Biloba ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Tinnitus Handicap Inventory ◽  
Institutional Ethics ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Pre Treatment

ABSTRACT AIMS AND OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether there is role of Ginkgo biloba in treatment of tinnitus or not, using Tinnitus Handicap Inventory MATERIAL METHODS: The present prospective study, after approval by Institutional Ethics Committee, was conducted in Department of ENT, GMC Jammu from January 2019 to January 2020 on 90 patients with primary complaint of tinnitus. Inclusion criteria- Age: 20 years or above, Duration of tinnitus > 3 months. Informed consent was taken and all patients were asked to complete the THI-Tinnitus Handicap Inventory. All patients were given 50mg of Ginkgo biloba standardized extract LI 1370 (containing 25% flavonoids, 3% ginkgolides and 5% bilobalides). Patients were advised to take three tablets daily for 12 weeks. RESULTS The mean pre-treatment THI score was 43.6 and mean post-treatment THI score (at 12 weeks) was 39.4; the mean change in THI score was 4.2, the result being statistically insignificant (p-value= 0.43). Out of 90 patients, 51 reported unchanged severity of tinnitus, 27 patients reported improvement in severity of tinnitus and 12 patients reported worsening of condition. CONCLUSION According to our study, Ginkgo biloba has no significant therapeutic role in tinnitus. However, the aetiology of tinnitus is multifactorial and Ginkgo biloba could benefit patients with ischemic aetiology. KEYWORDS Ginkgo, biloba, handicap, inventory, tinnitus

MO227RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN KIDNEY DAMAGE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS IN PATIENTS WITH GLOMERULOPATHIES

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianmarco Borriello ◽  
Davide Viggiano ◽  
Giovambattista Capasso
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dopamine Neurons ◽  
Glomerular Diseases ◽  
Daily Lives ◽  
Moca Score

Abstract Background and Aims Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) has been found to be highly prevalent amongst patients with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD). In this cohort, the prevalence of MCI was estimated to be between 30% and 63%. Mild cognitive impairment is an intermediate state between normal aging and dementia. An individual suffering from MCI has difficulty in remembering, sustaining attention, or decision making which can negatively affect their daily lives. The aim of this study was to verify the role of different glomerular diseases diagnosed by kidney biopsy on the MCI through a retrospective study. Method We recruited 45 patients with bioptic diagnosis of the following glomerular diseases: Focal Segmental Glomerulo Sclerosis (FSGS), minimal change disease (MCD), membranous glomerular disease (MG), IgA nephropathy. The renal function was analyzed using clinical variables, while Cognitive functions using the MoCA test. Patients were divided into two groups based on 24h proteinuria. Results The MoCA score was directly correlated to the uric acid levels (R=0.13; p=0.03). The MoCa score in the group with higher proteinuria levels was significantly lower than those of the group with lower proteinuria levels (p = 0.03). Finally, the MoCA score in subjects with FSGS or MCD is significantly higher compared the other groups (p&lt;0.05). Conclusion Our data suggest that serum uric acid and proteinuria in glomerular diseases influence cognitive functions. Interestingly, uric acid plays a neuroprotective role, as low levels of uric acid reduce the MoCA score. This result agrees with previous observations of a protective role of uric acid on dopamine neurons. Conversely, the extent proteinuria seems to negatively affect cognitive functions, suggesting a role of the endothelial dysfunction. Finally, glomerulopathies with a lower degree of inflammation (FSGS, MCD) have minor impact on cognitive functions.

scholarly journals Role of low-lying pubic tubercle in the development of inguinal hernia

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 389
Author(s):  
Diwan Singh Jakhar ◽  
Joginder Singh ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Dharmveer Jajra ◽  
Sanjay Lodha
Keyword(s):  
Inguinal Hernia ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Oblique Muscle ◽  
Pubic Tubercle ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Medical College ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Internal Oblique ◽  
Control Study

Background: Hernia is defined as abnormal protrusion of whole or a part of a viscus through the wall that contains it. Among all external abdominal hernias, inguinal hernia is one most commonly encountered. Many factors are responsible for the formation of the inguinal hernia but, what makes a few people more susceptible to this situation is still clearly not proved. The lowness of pubic tubercle is associated with narrow origin of internal oblique muscle from lateral inguinal ligament which fails to protect the deep inguinal ring consequently lead to inguinal hernia.Methods: The study was conducted in Sardar Patel Medical College and attached hospital, Bikaner for duration of 12 months from March 2018 to February 2019. It is a case-control study with 50 cases and 50 control meeting inclusion criteria. In all patients, following parameters SS line, ST line, height, weight was recorded and evaluated.Results: The mean value of ST line in our study group is 7.37±0.182 cm which is significantly greater (p=0.0001) than the controls the mean value being 7.01±0.262 cm. In our study, 98% of cases were having ST line >7.01 cm whereas 66% of controls were ST line under 7.01 cm.Conclusions: Group of people with low lying pubic tubercle are at high risk of developing inguinal hernia. 

scholarly journals Assessment of cognitive dysfunction using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment test: rate, severity and comparison with the Clock test alone in a population of patients referred for TAVI

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
C Monnin ◽  
M Besutti ◽  
F Ecarnot ◽  
B Guillon ◽  
M Chatot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Dysfunction ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Routine Practice ◽  
Clock Drawing Test ◽  
Transcatheter Aortic Valve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Moca Score

Abstract Background Although not recommended in routine practice, the detection and quantification of Cognitive Dysfunction (CD) in older patients might have an impact on clinical decisions. We assessed the rate and severity of CD in an unselected population of patients referred for Transcatheter Aortic Valve Implantation (TAVI) using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and using the Clock Drawing Test (ClockT) alone. Methods The MoCA was performed before TAVI by an experienced operator. The ClockT was scored out of 10 points according to the Rouleau rating scale. CD was defined according to the MoCA score: No CD if score ≥26, mild CD if score 18–25, moderate if 10–17 and severe if &lt;10. Inter-observer reliability of scoring on the ClockT was estimated with the Bland-Altman method. Agreement between MoCA scores and the ClockT for ruling out and for detecting CD were measured with the Kappa coefficient. Results MoCA was performed in 83 consecutive patients referred for TAVI, median age 85 years. The mean time required for assessment was 11±2 min for the MoCA and 3±2 min for the ClockT. The mean MoCA score was 21±4.5: CD was excluded in 17 (20%) pts, mild CD was found in 50 (60%), moderate in 15 (18%) and severe in one (1%). The median ClockT score was 8 (interquartile 6; 9), with excellent inter-observer concordance (Kappa= 0.84). Overall, 51% of the variance of the MoCA score was explained by the ClockT alone according to multiple regression. A ClockT &lt;7 detected a group with significantly lower MoCA score, compared to pts with higher ClockT scores (figure). Conclusion Among patients referred for TAVI, CD can be excluded using the MoCA test in 20%, while moderate or severe CD is observed in 18%. The ClockT alone is faster to implement, reliable to interpret and enabled detection of patients with moderate CD when Rouleau scoring was &lt;7. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding sources: None.

scholarly journals The role of NT-proBNP in the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure and its correlation with echocardiography

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 404
Author(s):  
Archana Toppo ◽  
Sanjay Varma ◽  
Aneesh Karwa ◽  
Rajeev Lochan Khare ◽  
Yogendra Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Clinical Evaluation ◽  
Analytical Study ◽  
Diastolic Heart Failure ◽  
Current Investigation ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
The Mean

Background: The primary aim of the current investigation was to evaluate the role of NT-proBNP in the diagnosis of diastolic heart failure and its correlation with echocardiography.Methods: Hospital based observational and analytical study undertaken on a total of 65 patients of diastolic heart failure fulfilling clinical inclusion criteria. The enrolled patients had a mean age of 54.5 years with a female preponderance (33 females vs. 32 males). Patients underwent clinical evaluation and echocardiography examination. NT-proBNP estimation was done using autoanalyzer working on principle of electrochemiluminisense. Patients were divided into various grades of diastolic dysfunction on the basis of echocardiography. Statistical analysis was done to find the significance of levels of NT-proBNP and its correlation with the grading of diastolic heart failure.Results: There was a statistically significant higher level of serum NT-proBNP in patients with diastolic heart failure and the increasing levels were directly proportional to severity of diastolic dysfunction. The mean level of NT-proBNP increased from 361.08 pg/ml to 3570 pg/ml in increasing severity of diastolic dysfunction.Conclusions: Results suggested positive correlation of rising NT-proBNP levels with increasing severity of diastolic dysfunction. 

Evaluation of winter hardiness in Romanian introductions of Lolium perenne

1989 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 249-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. A. Tcacenco ◽  
C. F. Eagles ◽  
B. F. Tyler
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Winter Hardiness ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Lethal Temperature ◽  
Simulation Techniques ◽  
Artificial Freezing ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Freezing Test

SummaryCharacterization of accessions of Lolium perenne collected in Romania, using naturally hardened tillers in an artificial freezing test, is described. Accessions showed contrasting hardening response to variation in the winter environment at Aberystwyth. Cold tolerance of the accessions, measured as lethal temperature for 50% of the tillers (LT50), was positively correlated with the mean temperature of the coldest month at the sites of origin and with persistence in swards after three winters. Superior populations were identified within this collection and are being used as a source of winter hardiness in a breeding programme.The role of temperature and irradiance in the contrasting hardening responses of three accessions was investigated in controlled-environment studies with seedlings.The advantages of environmental simulation techniques for characterization of genetic resources are discussed.

scholarly journals An audit of the role of vitamin K in the reversal of International Normalised Ratio (INR) in patients undergoing surgery for hip fracture

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maneesh Bhatia ◽  
Gautam Talawadekar ◽  
Sailendra Parihar ◽  
Andrew Smith
Keyword(s):  
Hip Fracture ◽  
Vitamin K ◽  
Mean Difference ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Intravenous Vitamin ◽  
Time Required

INTRODUCTION The objective of this prospective audit was to compare two methods of anticoagulation reversal in the pre-oper-ative period for hip fracture patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS In the first part of the audit, our current practice was analysed. Data relating to the number of days from admission to surgery and the reasons for delay to surgery were collected. Also, data concerning common reasons for which the patients were started on warfarin and the time required for INR to drop to 1.5 or below were collected. In the second part of the audit, 45 patients with INR above 1.5 were given a single dose of vitamin K (1 mg i.v.) in addition to stopping warfarin. RESULTS The mean difference in the time for INR < 1.5 in the two groups was 2 days (52 h; P < 0.05). The mean difference in wait for surgery since admission between the two groups was 4 days (91 h; P < 0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups as regards the average number of co-morbidities in the patient groups. CONCLUSIONS A single 1 mg intravenous dose of vitamin K significantly reduces the time for the reversal of INR and the pre-operative delay to surgery, in patients on long-term warfarin. We conclude that 1 mg of intravenous vitamin K on admission is a safe and effective treatment to avoid delay in the treatment in this group of patients.

scholarly journals Association between Primary Open-Angle Glaucoma and Cognitive Impairment as Measured by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 315-322 ◽  
Author(s):  
Makayla McCoskey ◽  
Victoria Addis ◽  
Kendall Goodyear ◽  
Prithvi S. Sankar ◽  
Gui-Shuang Ying ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Primary Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
Linear Trend ◽  
Montreal Cognitive Assessment ◽  
Open Angle ◽  
Rnfl Thickness ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Moca Score

Background: It is currently unclear whether primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) affects neurological functions outside of vision, such as cognition. Objective: This study examined the association between POAG and cognitive impairment in African Americans. Methods: Masked interviewers administered the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) to patients enrolled in the Primary Open-Angle African American Glaucoma Genetics (POAAGG) study at the Scheie Eye Institute. Cases were further assessed for retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness and visual field (VF) loss. Univariate and multivariate linear regression analyses were performed to compare mean MoCA score between cases and controls and to assess the association between POAG severity and MoCA score. Results: A total of 137 patients completed the MoCA, including 70 cases and 67 controls. The mean age ± SD was 68.7 ± 11.2 years for cases and 65.7 ± 10.4 years for controls (p = 0.11). The mean MoCA total score (out of 30 points) was 20.3 among POAG cases and 21.3 among controls (mean difference = –1.03, 95% confidence interval, CI = –2.54 to 0.48, p = 0.18). After adjusting for age, gender, education level, diabetes, hypertension, and smoking status, the mean difference in the MoCA total score between cases and controls was –0.64 (95% CI = –1.72 to 0.45, p = 0.25). Among cases, more VF loss was associated with lower total MoCA score for mean deviation (adjusted linear trend p = 0.02) and VF index (adjusted linear trend p = 0.03). There was no significant association between average RNFL thickness and total MoCA score. Conclusions: POAG cases and controls had similar neurocognitive function as measured by the MoCA. Among POAG cases, worse VF loss was associated with lower MoCA. Future studies are needed to further elucidate the clinical effect of neuropathy in POAG.

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