scholarly journals An In Vitro Study of Osteoblast Response on Fused-Filament Fabrication 3D Printed PEEK for Dental and Cranio-Maxillofacial Implants

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 771 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingting Han ◽  
Neha Sharma ◽  
Zeqian Xu ◽  
Lutz Scheideler ◽  
Jürgen Geis-Gerstorfer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Cell Adhesion ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Cellular Response ◽  
High Surface ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Osteosarcoma Cell ◽  
Fused Filament Fabrication ◽  
3D Printed

Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) is a prime candidate to replace metallic implants and prostheses in orthopedic, spine and cranio-maxillofacial surgeries. Fused-filament fabrication (FFF) is an economical and efficient three-dimensional (3D) printing method to fabricate PEEK implants. However, studies pertaining to the bioactivity of FFF 3D printed PEEK are still lacking. In this study, FFF 3D printed PEEK samples were fabricated and modified with polishing and grit-blasting (three alumina sizes: 50, 120, and 250 µm) to achieve varying levels of surface roughness. In vitro cellular response of a human osteosarcoma cell line (SAOS-2 osteoblasts, cell adhesion, metabolic activity, and proliferation) on different sample surfaces of untreated, polished, and grit-blasted PEEK were evaluated. The results revealed that the initial cell adhesion on different sample surfaces was similar. However, after 5 days the untreated FFF 3D printed PEEK surfaces exhibited a significant increase in cell metabolic activity and proliferation with a higher density of osteoblasts compared with the polished and grit-blasted groups (p < 0.05). Therefore, untreated FFF 3D printed PEEK with high surface roughness and optimal printing structures might have great potential as an appropriate alloplastic biomaterial for reconstructive cranio-maxillofacial surgeries.

scholarly journals Surface Characteristics of Milled and 3D Printed Denture Base Materials Following Polishing and Coating: An In-Vitro Study

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 3305
Author(s):  
Pablo Kraemer Fernandez ◽  
Alexey Unkovskiy ◽  
Viola Benkendorff ◽  
Andrea Klink ◽  
Sebastian Spintzyk
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Surface Characteristics ◽  
Denture Base ◽  
Liquid Resin ◽  
Base Materials ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
3D Printed

(1) Background: To date, no information on the polishability of milled and 3D-printed complete denture bases has been provided, which is relevant in terms of plaque accumulation. (2) Methods: three groups (n = 30) were manufactured using the cold-polymerization polymethilmethacrilate, milling (SM) and 3D printing (AM). 10 specimens of each group were left untreated (reference). 10 more specimens were pre-polished (intermediate polishing) and 10 final specimens were highgloss polished. An additional 20 specimens were 3D printed and coated with the liquid resin (coated), 10 of which were additionally polished (coated + polished). For each group Ra and Rz values, gloss value and REM images were obtained. (3). The “highgloss-polished” specimens showed statistically lower Ra and Rz values in the SM, followed by AM and conventional groups. In the AM group statistically lower surfaces roughness was revealed for highgloss-polished, “coated + polished”, and “coated” specimens, respectively. (4) Conclusions: The milled specimens demonstrated superiors surface characteristics than 3D printed and conventionally produced after polishing. The polished specimens demonstrated superior surface characteristics over coated specimens. However, the surface roughness by both polished and coated specimens was within the clinically relevant threshold of 0.2 µm.

scholarly journals Mechanical Characterization and Thermodynamic Analysis of Laser-Polished Landscape Design Products Using 3D Printing

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (10) ◽  
pp. 2601
Author(s):  
Yue Ba ◽  
Yu Wen ◽  
Shibin Wu
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Landscape Design ◽  
Laser Polishing ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Design Structure ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Stability And Accuracy

Recent innovations in 3D printing technologies and processes have influenced how landscape products are designed, built, and developed. In landscape architecture, reduced-size models are 3D-printed to replicate full-size structures. However, high surface roughness usually occurs on the surfaces of such 3D-printed components, which requires additional post-treatment. In this work, we develop a new type of landscape design structure based on the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique and present a laser polishing method for FDM-fabricated polylactic acid (PLA) mechanical components, whereby the surface roughness of the laser-polished surfaces is reduced from over Ra 15 µm to less than 0.25 µm. The detailed results of thermodynamics and microstructure evolution are further analyzed during laser polishing. The stability and accuracy of the results are evaluated based on the standard deviation. Additionally, the superior tensile and flexural properties are examined in the laser-polished layer, in which the ultimate tensile strength (UTS) is increased by up to 46.6% and the flexural strength is increased by up to 74.5% compared with the as-fabricated components. Finally, a real polished landscape model is simulated and optimized using a series of scales.

scholarly journals Accuracy of Guided Implant Surgery in the Edentulous Jaw Using Desktop 3D-Printed Mucosal Supported Guides

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 391
Author(s):  
Rani D’haese ◽  
Tom Vrombaut ◽  
Geert Hommez ◽  
Hugo De Bruyn ◽  
Stefan Vandeweghe
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Angular Deviation ◽  
Implant Surgery ◽  
Implant Position ◽  
Surgical Guides ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Bone Level ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Implant Alignment

Purpose: The aim of this in vitro study is to evaluate the accuracy of implant position using mucosal supported surgical guides, produced by a desktop 3D printer. Methods: Ninety implants (Bone Level Roxolid, 4.1 mm × 10 mm, Straumann, Villerat, Switzerland) were placed in fifteen mandibular casts (Bonemodels, Castellón de la Plana, Spain). A mucosa-supported guide was designed and printed for each of the fifteen casts. After placement of the implants, the location was assessed by scanning the cast and scan bodies with an intra-oral scanner (Primescan®, Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA). Two comparisons were performed: one with the mucosa as a reference, and one where only the implants were aligned. Angular, coronal and apical deviations were measured. Results: The mean implant angular deviation for tissue and implant alignment were 3.25° (SD 1.69°) and 2.39° (SD 1.42°) respectively, the coronal deviation 0.82 mm (SD 0.43 mm) and 0.45 mm (SD 0.31 mm) and the apical deviation 0.99 mm (SD 0.45 mm) and 0.71 mm (SD 0.43 mm). All three variables were significantly different between the tissue and implant alignment (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, we conclude that guided implant surgery using desktop 3D printed mucosa-supported guides has a clinically acceptable level of accuracy. The resilience of the mucosa has a negative effect on the guide stability and increases the deviation in implant position.

Hypertonic Dextrose Stimulates Chondrogenic Cells to Deposit Collagen and Proliferate

Cartilage ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 194760352110145
Author(s):  
Elisha Johnston ◽  
Yi Kou ◽  
Jason Junge ◽  
Lin Chen ◽  
Andrew Kochan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Second Harmonic ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Cartilage Regeneration ◽  
Collagen Deposition ◽  
Cellular Processes ◽  
Photon Excitation ◽  
Hypertonic Dextrose

Objective Hypertonic dextrose (HD) injections (prolotherapy) for osteoarthritis are reported to reduce pain. Cartilage regeneration is hypothesized as a mechanism. This in vitro study identifies an HD concentration that stimulates chondrogenic cells to increase metabolic activity and assesses whether this concentration affects collagen deposition and proliferation. Design ATDC5 chondrogenic cells were cultured in normoglycemic DMEM/F12 medium, treated with concentrations of HD (4-400 mM), and assessed with PrestoBlue. Advanced light microscopy was used to conduct live imaging of collagen deposition through second harmonic generation microscopy (SHG) and proliferation via 2-photon excitation microscopy. Proliferation was additionally assessed with hemocytometer counts. Results A linear regression model found that, relative to the 4 mM baseline control, cells treated with 200 mM had a higher mean absorbance ( P = 0.023) and cells treated with 250 mM were trending toward a higher mean absorbance ( P = 0.076). Polynomial regression interpolated 240 mM as producing the highest average absorbance. Hemocytometer counts validated 250 mM as stimulating proliferation compared with the 4 mM control ( P < 0.01). A concentration of 250 mM HD led to an increase in collagen deposition compared with that observed in control ( P < 0.05). This HD concentration also led to increases in proliferation of ATDC5 cells relative to that of control ( P < 0.001). Conclusions A 250 mM HD solution appears to be associated with increased metabolic activity of chondrocytes, increased collagen deposition, and increased chondrocyte proliferation. These results support clinical prolotherapy research suggesting that intra-articular HD joint injections reduce knee pain. Further study of HD and cellular processes is warranted.

scholarly journals SEM Analysis of Enamel Abrasion after Air Polishing Treatment with Erythritol, Glycine and Sodium Bicarbonate

Coatings ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruna Sinjari ◽  
Gianmaria D’Addazio ◽  
Martina Bozzi ◽  
Manlio Santilli ◽  
Tonino Traini ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Roughness ◽  
Sodium Bicarbonate ◽  
Air Flow ◽  
Dental Enamel ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Medical Systems ◽  
Air Polishing ◽  
And Control

The aim of this in vitro study was to evaluate the enamel surface topography after treatment with three air polishing powders: Glycine (A), erythritol (B), and sodium bicarbonate (C) (Air Flow Soft, Plus and Classic powders, EMS Electro Medical Systems S.A., Nyon, Switzerland). Fifteen extracted incisors were randomly divided into three groups of five teeth each, A, B and C, respectively. The teeth were blocked in plaster bases, washed, dried and half-covered with polytetrafluoroethylene strips before treatment. In this way, each half-treated dental element became test and control of itself. Comparative statistical analysis of Rq (geometric average of the deviations occurring in roughness profile) was performed. The scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis showed different degrees of surface roughness between the groups, decreasing after treatment. In addition, a statistically significant reduction p < 0.05 was present in group C (Rq mean non-treated 108.17 µm, 95% CI: 97.29–124.01 and Rq mean treated 86.78 µm, 95% CI: 80.63–93.70). A decrease in surface roughness post-treatment was not observed in group A and B. Therefore, it may be concluded that the air flow powders tested herein can be used on dental enamel to reduce the surface roughness due to function and the action of dental therapies.

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