scholarly journals Prevalence and Risk Factors for Positive Nasal Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Carriage among Orthopedic Patients in Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Woo Choi ◽  
Jae Chul Lee ◽  
Jahyung Kim ◽  
Ji Eun Kim ◽  
Min Jung Baek ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) causes purulent skin and soft tissue infections as well as other life-threatening diseases. Recent guidelines recommend screening for MRSA at the time of admission. However, few studies have been conducted to determine the prevalence and risk factors for MRSA colonization. A prospective data collection and retrospective analysis was performed. MRSA screening tests were performed using nasal swabs in patients enrolled between January 2017 and July 2018. Demographic data, socio-economic data, medical comorbidities, and other risk factors for MRSA carriage were evaluated among 1577 patients enrolled in the study. The prevalence of MRSA nasal carriage was 7.2%. Univariate regression analysis showed that colonization with MRSA at the time of hospital admission was significantly related to patient age, body mass index, smoking, alcohol, trauma, recent antibiotic use, and route of hospital admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis for the risk factors for positive MRSA nasal carriage showed that being under- or overweight, trauma diagnosis, antibiotic use one month prior to admission, and admission through an emergency department were related to MRSA colonization. This study highlights the importance of a preoperative screening test for patients scheduled to undergo surgery involving implant insertion, particularly those at risk for MRSA.

scholarly journals Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among HIV-infected patients in Taiwan: prevalence, molecular characteristics and associated factors with nasal carriage

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Yu Hsu ◽  
David Wu ◽  
Chien-Ching Hung ◽  
Shie-Shian Huang ◽  
Fang-Hsueh Yuan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Outpatient Care ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Molecular Characteristics ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Northern Taiwan

Abstract Objective To evaluate nasal carriage, antibiotic susceptibility and molecular characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), as well as the risk factors of MRSA colonization, in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients in northern Taiwan. Methods From September 2014 to November 2015, HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care at four hospitals were eligible for this study. A nasal specimen was obtained from each subject for the detection of S. aureus and a questionnaire was completed by each subject. MRSA isolates once identified were characterized. Results Of 553 patients surveyed, methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) was detected in 119 subjects (21.5%) and MRSA in 19 subjects (3.4%). Female gender, injection drug use, smoking, hepatitis C virus carrier, cancer and antibiotic use within one year were positively associated with MRSA colonization. By multivariate analysis, only cancer (adjust odds ratio (aOR) 7.78, [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.909-31.731]) and antibiotic use within one year (aOR 3.89, [95% CI, 1.219-12.433]) were significantly associated with MRSA colonization. Ten isolates were characterized as sequence type (ST) 59/staphylococcal chromosome cassette (SCC) IV or V T , endemic community strains in Taiwan, four isolates as ST 8/SCC mec IV (USA 300) and one isolate as ST 239/SCC mec IIIA, a hospital strain. All the community-associated MRSA isolates were susceptible to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX). Conclusions Nasal MRSA carriage in HIV-infected patients seeking outpatient care was low (3.4%) in northern Taiwan. Most of the colonizing isolates were genetically endemic community strains and exhibited high susceptibility to TMP-SMX and fluoroqinolones. Cancer and antibiotic use within one year were associated with MRSA colonization.

Hospitalization Earlier than 1 Year Prior to Admission as an Additional Risk Factor for Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Colonization

2010 ◽  
Vol 31 (05) ◽  
pp. 538-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura McAllister ◽  
Robert P. Gaynes ◽  
David Rimland ◽  
John E. McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Additional Risk Factor ◽  
Additional Risk ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Related Risk ◽  
Mrsa Colonization ◽  
Control Study

Our case-control study sought to identify risk factors for colonization with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) at hospital admission among patients with no known healthcare-related risk factors. We found that patients whose most recent hospitalization occurred greater than 1 year before their current hospital admission were more likely to have MRSA colonization. In addition, both the time that elapsed since the most recent hospitalization and the duration of that hospitalization affected risk.

Predictive characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus nares screening tests for methicillin resistance among S. aureus clinical isolates from hospitalized veterans

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (05) ◽  
pp. 603-605
Author(s):  
Teresa C. Fox ◽  
Paul Thuras ◽  
James R. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Methicillin Resistance ◽  
Antibiotic Use ◽  
Clinical Isolates ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

For patients with possible Staphylococcus aureus infection, providers must decide whether to treat empirically for methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). Nares MRSA colonization screening tests could inform decisions regarding empiric MRSA-active antibiotic use.1,2

scholarly journals Nasal Carriage of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus among Healthcare Workers in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nisha Giri ◽  
Sujina Maharjan ◽  
Tika Bahadur Thapa ◽  
Sushant Pokhrel ◽  
Govardhan Joshi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Healthcare Workers ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Nasal Carriage ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nasal Swabs ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Introduction. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the most common causes of nosocomial infections. One of the potential risk factors for nosocomial staphylococcal infections is colonization of the anterior nares of healthcare workers (HCWs). Our study aimed to determine the rate of nasal carriage MRSA among HCWs at Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu. Methods. Two hundred and thirty-two nasal swabs were collected from HCWs of Manmohan Memorial Medical College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal, within six months (February 2018–July 2018). Nasal swabs were cultured, and S. aureus isolates were subjected to the antimicrobial susceptibility test by the modified Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method. MRSA and iMLSB (inducible macrolide lincosamide streptogramin B) resistance was screened using the cefoxitin disc (30 μg) and D-test (clindamycin and erythromycin sensitivity pattern), respectively, following CLSI (Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute) guidelines. Risk factors for MRSA colonization were determined using the chi-square test considering the p value ˂0.05 as significant. Results. A total of 34/232 (14.7%) S. aureus were isolated, out of which 12 (35.3%) were MRSA. The overall rate of nasal carriage MRSA among HCWs was 5.2% (12/232). Colonization of MRSA was higher in males (8.7%) than in females (4.3%). MRSA colonization was found to be at peak among the doctors (11.4%). HCWs of the postoperative ward were colonized highest (18.2%). All MRSA isolates were sensitive to linezolid and tetracycline. iMLSB resistance was shown by 7(20.6%) of the isolates. MRSA strains showed higher iMLSB resistance accounting for 33.3% (4/12) in comparison to methicillin-susceptible strains with 13.6% (3/22). Smoking was found to be significantly associated with MRSA colonization ( p = 0.004 ). Conclusion. Rate of nasal carriage MRSA is high among HCWs and hence needs special attention to prevent HCW-associated infections that may result due to nasal colonization.

scholarly journals Frequent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Introductions Into an Inner-city Jail: Indications of Community Transmission Networks

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 323-331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyle J Popovich ◽  
Evan S Snitkin ◽  
Chad Zawitz ◽  
Alla Aroutcheva ◽  
Darjai Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Molecular Epidemiology ◽  
Skin Infection ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Transmission Networks ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Community Transmission ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Abstract Background Jails may facilitate spread of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in urban areas. We examined MRSA colonization upon entrance to a large urban jail to determine if there are MRSA transmission networks preceding incarceration. Methods Males incarcerated in Cook County Jail (Chicago) were enrolled, with enrichment for people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV), within 72 hours of intake. Surveillance cultures assessed prevalence of MRSA colonization. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) identified preincarceration transmission networks. We examined methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates to determine if there are transmission networks that precede incarceration. A large proportion of individuals enter jail colonized with MRSA. Molecular epidemiology and colonization risk factors provide clues to community reservoirs for MRSA. Results There were 718 individuals (800 incarcerations) enrolled; 58% were PLHIV. The prevalence of MRSA colonization at intake was 19%. In multivariate analysis, methamphetamine use, unstable housing, current/recent skin infection, and recent injection drug use were predictors of MRSA. Among PLHIV, recent injection drug use, current skin infection, and HIV care at outpatient clinic A that emphasizes comprehensive care to the lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender community were predictors of MRSA. Fourteen (45%) of 31 detainees with care at clinic A had colonization. WGS revealed that this prevalence was not due to clonal spread in clinic but rather to an intermingling of distinct community transmission networks. In contrast, genomic analysis supported spread of USA500 strains within a network. Members of this USA500 network were more likely to be PLHIV (P < .01), men who have sex with men (P < .001), and methamphetamine users (P < .001). Conclusions A large proportion of individuals enter jail colonized with MRSA. Molecular epidemiology and colonization risk factors provide clues to identify colonized detainees entering jail and potential community reservoirs of MRSA.

S294 – Pre-op Prevalence of MRSA in Intranasal Surgery Patients

2008 ◽  
Vol 139 (2_suppl) ◽  
pp. P173-P173
Author(s):  
Brian Nicholas ◽  
Geeta Bhargave ◽  
Ryan Heffelfinger ◽  
Marc R Rosen ◽  
Edmund A Pribitkin
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Preliminary Data ◽  
Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Sinus Surgery ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Potential Risk Factors ◽  
Intranasal Surgery ◽  
Mrsa Colonization

Objectives 1) Understand the extent of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among those undergoing intranasal surgery. 2) Be able to describe potential risk factors for MRSA colonization. The purpose of this study is to outline a prevalance of MRSA colonization among those undergoing inranasal surgery, with an exploration of potential risk factors for colonization. Methods Patients undergoing intranasal surgery (endoscopic sinus surgery, rhinoplasty, septoplasty, etc) at a tertiary care medical center had preoperative nasal swab cultures. The primary endpoint was positive culture of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Patient demographic information was also collected to ascertain potential risk factors for colonization of MRSA. Results Early results have demonstrated that the prevalence of MRSA in patients is less than the reported prevalence in hospital inpatient populations. Of the initial 25 patients enrolled in this study, none were shown to be colonized with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (0/25), with 1 patient having reported a history of MRSA infection (4%). Conclusions Preliminary data suggests that the prevalence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among patients undergoing intranasal surgery is less than the prevalence of inpatient populations as reported in several previous studies. While preliminary data suggests a potential decreased prevalence of MRSA in this population, a much larger sample of patients is needed to make a more definitive statement. In the coming weeks and months, as more data is gathered and the sample size included in the study grows, it will be interesting to note whether the initial trend, as suggested here, continues.

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