scholarly journals Effects of Exergaming on Preschoolers’ Executive Functions and Perceived Competence: A Pilot Randomized Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 469 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shanying Xiong ◽  
Peng Zhang ◽  
Zan Gao
Keyword(s):  
Executive Functions ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Perceived Competence ◽  
Physical Competence ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Perceived Social Acceptance

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of a child-centered exergaming program and a traditional teacher-led physical activity (PA) program on preschoolers’ executive functions and perceived competence. Methods: Sixty children aged 4–5 years from an urban childcare center in China completed an 8-week exergaming/traditional PA intervention. After baseline measurements of executive functions and perceived competence (i.e., perceived physical competence and social acceptance), children were randomly assigned to either an exergaming group or traditional PA group (30 children per group). Exergaming and traditional PA programs were offered 20 min/session by trained instructors for 8 weeks. Post-intervention measures were identical to baseline measures. Results: In general, children’s executive functions, perceived physical competence, and perceived social acceptance were enhanced over time. Analysis of variance revealed significant time by group interaction effects for executive functions, F(1, 58) = 12.01, p = 0.01, and perceived social acceptance, F(1, 58) = 6.04, p = 0.02, indicating that the exergaming intervention group displayed significantly greater increases in executive functions and perceived social acceptance in comparison with traditional PA children. In addition, children’s executive functions and perceived physical and social competence significantly improved from baseline to post-intervention. However, there was no significant difference in the increase of children’s perceived physical competence across groups over time. Conclusion: The results suggested exergaming to be beneficial in enhancing young children’s executive functions and perceived social acceptance compared to the traditional PA program. More diverse samples with a longer intervention duration in preschool children in urban areas are warranted.

scholarly journals Effect of “Spatially Separated Speech in Noise Training” on speech perception in noise in children with bimodal fitting

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Younes Lotfi ◽  
Mahdieh Hasanalifard ◽  
Abdollah Moossavi ◽  
Enayatollah Bakhshi ◽  
Mohammad Ajalloueyan
Keyword(s):  
Speech Perception ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Auditory Training ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interventional Study ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Speech Perception In Noise ◽  
Speech In Noise ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Recognition Ability

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of “Spatially separated speech in noise” auditory training on the ability of speech perception in noise among bimodal fitting users. The assumption was that the rehabilitation can enhance spatial hearing and hence speech in noise perception. This study was an interventional study, with a pre/post-design. Speech recognition ability was assessed with the specific tests. After performing the rehabilitation stages in the intervention group, the speech tests were again implemented, and by comparing the pre- and post-intervention data, the effect of auditory training on the speech abilities was assessed. Twenty-four children of 8–12 years who had undergone cochlear implantation and continuously used bimodal fitting were investigated in two groups of control and intervention. Results The results showed a significant difference between the groups in different speech tests after the intervention, which indicated that the intervention group have improved more than the control group. Conclusion It can be concluded that “Spatially separated speech in noise” auditory training can improve the speech perception in noise in bimodal fitting users. In general, this rehabilitation method is useful for enhancing the speech in noise perception ability.

scholarly journals Different endurance exercises modulate NK cell cytotoxic and inhibiting receptors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Pal ◽  
J. Schneider ◽  
K. Schlüter ◽  
K. Steindorf ◽  
J. Wiskemann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Target Genes ◽  
Acute Exercise ◽  
Cell Function ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Autologous Serum ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Purpose Induction of IDO depends on the activation of AhR forming the AhR/IDO axis. Activated AhR can transcribe various target genes including cytotoxic and inhibiting receptors of NK cells. We investigated whether AhR and IDO levels as well as activating (NKG2D) and inhibiting (KIR2DL1) NK cell receptors are influenced by acute exercise and different chronic endurance exercise programs. Methods 21 adult breast and prostate cancer patients of the TOP study (NCT02883699) were randomized to intervention programs of 12 weeks of (1) endurance standard training or (2) endurance polarized training after a cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). Serum was collected pre-CPET, immediately post-CPET, 1 h post-CPET and after 12 weeks post-intervention. Flow cytometry analysis was performed on autologous serum incubated NK-92 cells for: AhR, IDO, KIR2DL1 and NKG2D. Differences were investigated using analysis-of-variance for acute and analysis-of-covariance for chronic effects. Results Acute exercise: IDO levels changed over time with a significant increase from post-CPET to 1 h post-CPET (p = 0.03). KIR2DL1 levels significantly decreased over time (p < 0.01). NKG2D levels remained constant (p = 0.31). Chronic exercise: for both IDO and NKG2D a significant group × time interaction, a significant time effect and a significant difference after 12 weeks of intervention were observed (IDO: all p < 0.01, NKG2D: all p > 0.05). Conclusion Both acute and chronic endurance training may regulate NK cell function via the AhR/IDO axis. This is clinically relevant, as exercise emerges to be a key player in immune regulation.

scholarly journals Perceptions of caregivers on immunization in Ntungamo district, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 5729
Author(s):  
Byamukama Topher ◽  
Keraka M. Margaret ◽  
Gitonga Eliphas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Systematic Sampling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
And Control

Background: Immunization is one of the most cost-effective public health interventions to reduce child mortality and morbidity associated with infectious diseases. The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of caregivers on immunization in Ntungamo district.Methods: Quasi-experimental study was used with health centres assigned to intervention and control groups. Purposive sampling was used to select the two counties where the study was done. Proportional sampling was done to get study samples from each health facility, while systematic sampling was done to get study participants. A total of 787 children from twelve health facilities provided the study sample. A post intervention evaluation was conducted to determine the effect of these interventions. Association of variables was tested using Mann Whitney U-test and Chi-square.Results: On benefits, most caregivers in the intervention group (85.3%) and in the control group (54.3%) regarded immunization as very highly and moderately beneficial to their children respectively. On risks, most caregivers in the intervention group (85.5%) and control group (43.1%) regarded the risk factor associated with immunization as very low and moderate respectively. From hypothesis testing, there was a significant difference on the perceived benefits and risks of immunization between the intervention and control group.Conclusions: Most caregivers in the intervention and control group regarded immunization as very highly beneficial and moderately to their children respectively. Most of the caregivers in the intervention and control group regarded the risk factor associated with immunization as very low and moderate respectively. 

Effectiveness of an Educational Intervention to Participation in Physical Activity: A quasi-experimental model-based study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Shahsavari ◽  
Sakineh dadipoor ◽  
Mohtasham Ghaffari ◽  
Ali Safari-Moradabadi
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Educational Intervention ◽  
Stages Of Change ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental

Abstract Background: The aim of the present study was to assess readiness to become or stay physically active according to the Stages of Change Model.Methods: The present quasi-experimental study was conducted on 100 women working in the healthcare centres of Bandar Abbas, Iran. The sampling method is clustering in type. The subjects were assigned into two groups of intervention and control. The collected data were analysed by SPSS-16 software using descriptive and inferential statistics, including independent-sample t-test, paired-sample t-test and Chi-square test.Results: Before the educational intervention, 19 subjects (0.38%) from the intervention group showed to have regular physical activity (4-5 stages). This number changed to 29 (0.58%) and 25 (0.50%) after three months and six months of intervention. A statistically significant difference was found before the intervention and 3 and 6 months afterwards (P˂.001). In the control group, no statistically significant difference was found between the pre-intervention and post-intervention (three months (P=.351) and six months (P=.687).Conclusion: The educational intervention based on the stages of behaviour change model showed to be effective in promoting the physical activity of employed women. These findings may benefit health education researchers and practitioners who tend to develop innovative theory-based interventions and strategies to increase the level of physical activity in women.

Effect of Pressure Injury Prevention Guides Used In a Pediatric Intensive Care

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-255
Author(s):  
Gülzade Uysal ◽  
Duygu Sönmez Düzkaya ◽  
Tülay Yakut ◽  
Gülçin Bozkurt
Keyword(s):  
Intensive Care ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Pediatric Intensive Care ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Pressure Injury ◽  
Pressure Injury Prevention

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of a pressure injury prevention guide used in a pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) on the occurrence of pressure injuries. The design is a pre-post intervention with a control group and a prospective intervention group. Pressure injuries occurred on 9.4% of children in the nontreatment group, and in 3.6% of children in the treatment group. There was a statistically significant difference in the occurrence of pressure injuries between the nontreatment group and the treatment group ( p = .033). The average Braden Q pressure injury score was 12.20 ± 2.280 at the beginning of the intensive care hospitalization, and 13.73 ± 3.312 at discharge in the treatment group ( p < .001). The results show that the risk of pressure injuries was reduced and pressure injuries occurred later when an evidence-based pressure injury prevention guide was used.

Impact of Health Education on Mothers' Knowledge of Preventive Health Practices

1997 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 199-202 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mubina Agboatwalla ◽  
Dure Samin Akram
Keyword(s):  
Health Education ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Preventive Health ◽  
Slum Area ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Impact

A prospective community-based intervention study was conducted in a slum area of Karachi, Pakistan, with the objective of evaluating the impact of health education on the knowledge of mothers. One hundred and fifty households were studied in the intervention and the same in the non-intervention group. The post intervention knowledge scores of the mothers showed a significant difference of P < 0.05. Nearly 50.7% mothers in the intervention group knew of at least four diseases against which vaccination is given as compared to the non-intervention group ( P < 0.05). Similarly, mothers in the intervention group were more aware about the advantages of breast feeding, signs of dehydration, measures for prevention of measles and tuberculosis as compared to the non-intervention group ( P < 0.05). Finally, a comparison was made between the pre- and post-intervention scores between the two groups. The score in the non-intervention group changed from 11.5 to 16.1 ( P > 0.05) as compared to the intervention group in which it changed from 10.2 to 32.2 ( P < 0.05).

scholarly journals 102. Effects of an Antimicrobial Stewardship-guided MRSA Nasal Screening Review on Vancomycin Utilization for Respiratory Infections: A Quasi-Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S65-S65
Author(s):  
Ross Pineda ◽  
Meganne Kanatani ◽  
Jaime Deville
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Stewardship ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Days Of Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Quasi Experimental ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Background Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) remains a significant pathogen in patients with respiratory infections. Guidelines recommend empiric MRSA coverage in patients at increased risk, resulting in substantial vancomycin use. Recent literature highlights the use of MRSA nasal assays as a rapid screening tool for MRSA pneumonia, demonstrating high negative predictive values and allowing for shorter empiric coverage. We aimed to evaluate the impact of MRSA nasal screening review by the antimicrobial stewardship program (ASP) on vancomycin utilization for respiratory infections. Methods This was a retrospective, quasi-experimental, pre-post intervention study. The intervention saw the addition of an MRSA screening review tool into the ASP electronic record, highlighting patients on vancomycin (actively or recently administered) with a negative MRSA screening. Vancomycin days of therapy (DOT) was collected for all orders indicated for a respiratory infection in the two weeks following a negative screening. Additional outcomes include vancomycin total dose and DOT per 1,000 patient days. Outcomes were compared via independent samples t-tests. Results 1,110 MRSA screenings resulted across 2 months, of which the majority were excluded for either not having vancomycin ordered, or for having vancomycin ordered for a non-respiratory indication, leaving 37 and 35 evaluable screenings in the pre- and post-intervention groups, respectively. Regarding vancomycin DOT, we did not identify a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention groups with respective means of 2.45 (SD=1.52) and 2.14 (SD=1.12) (p=0.35). We identified a total 8.78 vancomycin DOT per 1,000 patient days in the pre-intervention group versus 6.69 in the post-intervention group. Conclusion ASP-guided review of MRSA screenings was associated with a nonsignificant decrease in mean vancomycin DOT and lower total DOT per 1,000 patient days for respiratory infections following a negative screen. Given the recent implementation of our intervention, our analysis covered a small sample size, highlighting the need for continued data collection. MRSA screenings are not always fully or immediately utilized in our institution, demonstrating room to de-escalate MRSA-targeted antibiotics. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

scholarly journals Confidence interventions: Do they work?

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan Thomas Williams ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Model ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Track And Field ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Baseline Measure ◽  
Mixed Model Anova ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Self Talk ◽  
Group A

The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of different confidence enhancing techniques (Positive Self-Talk, Imagery, and Confidence Profiling) in amateur track and field athletes. Fifteen participants volunteered to take part in the study, five in each intervention group. A baseline measure using TSCI and SSCI has administrated prior to the intervention. Each athlete then completed a four-week intervention, completing the TSCI and SSCI again post-intervention. Results from a mixed model ANOVA yielded a significant difference in pre scores to post in each intervention, p < 0.05. Although no significant difference was found between groups, p > 0.05, meaning all groups were of equal effect. Despite not being statistically different, imagery improved scores the most. These results provide a protocol structure for psychologists and coaches to follow.

scholarly journals O018 Changes in sleep parameters in children with Down Syndrome following treatment

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A8-A8
Author(s):  
J Chawla ◽  
S Burgess ◽  
H Heussler
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Sleep Diary ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Sleep Habits ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Children With Down Syndrome ◽  
Sleep Parameters ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Introduction There is limited evidence about how sleep changes in children with Down syndrome (DS) following sleep interventions. This study evaluated changes in sleep over time in children receiving treatment comparing to a control group who did not. Methods Children with DS, 3-16yrs, attending the sleep clinic were followed for 24-months. Sleep parameters including parent completed child sleep habits questionnaire (CSHQ), PSG and home sleep diary were obtained pre and post sleep interventions for children undergoing treatment. Data was obtained at similar intervals for the control group who were followed over the same time period. Results Data was obtained for 41 participants, 16 children received an intervention and 25 did not. Interventions included ENT surgery (7), CPAP (4), melatonin (3) or a combination (2). The intervention group had a significantly higher average total CSHQ score overall than those in the control group (0.01). Scores decreased over time but remained higher than in controls throughout, and were clinically significant in both groups (&gt;41). Sleep diary estimated average total sleep duration did not differ between groups and was 10hrs/night. PSG showed improvement in OAHI in those children undergoing pre and post intervention studies. Discussion Evaluation of sleep parameters in this referred cohort of children with Down syndrome demonstrates total sleep duration in keeping with national recommendations and improvement in obstruction with treatment. However, CSHQ results indicate ongoing sleep difficulties reported by parents, despite standard sleep interventions. This may reflect persisting non-respiratory sleep disorders, which are not being adequately addressed at present.

scholarly journals 1140. Impact of a Rapid Molecular Bloodstream Diagnostic Test on Optimal Antibiotic Use in Infants

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S661-S661
Author(s):  
Savanah Norman ◽  
Alexandra Burton ◽  
Christy Mumphrey ◽  
Peter Joslyn ◽  
Gregory Cook
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Median Time ◽  
Diagnostic Testing ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Effective Therapy ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Prism Score ◽  
Optimal Therapy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
All Cause Mortality

Abstract Background Rapid molecular bloodstream diagnostics have been shown to decrease time-to-optimal antibiotic therapy in adult and pediatric patients. The purpose of the study was to compare the time-to-optimal antimicrobial therapy both pre-and post- implementation of rapid diagnostic testing in infants. Methods This was a single-center quasi-experimental study conducted from December 2018 to December 2020 at Children’s Hospital New Orleans. A rapid, multiplex polymerase chain reaction bloodstream diagnostic was implemented in January 2019. Antimicrobial Stewardship performed a daily review of all antimicrobials during both periods and made recommendations when necessary. The primary outcome was the difference in time-to-optimal therapy. Secondary outcomes included time-to-effective therapy, 30-day all-cause mortality rate, 30-day recurrent bacteremia rate, and time-to-microbiologic clearance. Patients were excluded if they had an unrelated concomitant infection, withdrawal of care before the result, bacteria not identified by the panel, or were over 6 months of age. Results Thirty-five and forty-three patients met inclusion criteria pre-and post-implementation. The median post-natal age was 2 months and median PRISM score was 12 in both groups. Median time-to-optimal therapy was 53.1 hours in the pre-intervention and 24.4 hours in the post-intervention group (-28.7 hours, P = 0.03). Median time-to-effective therapy was 0 and 1.4 hours, respectively (+1.4 hours, P = 0.02). There was no significant difference in 30-day all-cause mortality (3 vs. 4 patients, P = 0.62), 30-day recurrent bacteremia (0 vs. 2 patients, P = 0.2), or microbiologic clearance (37.3 vs. 26.2 hours, P = 0.09). Conclusion Implementation of a rapid, multiplex bloodstream diagnostic lead to a significant decrease in time-to-optimal antibiotic therapy in infants when compared to standard microbiological techniques. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

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