scholarly journals HIV and cART-Associated Dyslipidemia Among HIV-Infected Children

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birkneh Tilahun Tadesse ◽  
Byron Alexander Foster ◽  
Adugna Chala ◽  
Tolossa Eticha Chaka ◽  
Temesgen Bizuayehu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

Background: Persistent dyslipidemia in children is associated with risks of cardiovascular accidents and poor combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) outcome. We report on the first evaluation of prevalence and associations with dyslipidemia due to HIV and cART among HIV-infected Ethiopian children. Methods: 105 cART naïve and 215 treatment experienced HIV-infected children were enrolled from nine HIV centers. Demographic and clinical data, lipid profile, cART type, adherence to and duration on cART were recorded. Total, low density (LDLc) and high density (HDLc) cholesterol values >200 mg/dL, >130 mg/dL, <40 mg/dL, respectively; and/or, triglyceride values >150 mg/dL defined cases of dyslipidemia. Prevalence and predictors of dyslipidemia were compared between the two groups. Results: prevalence of dyslipidemia was significantly higher among cART experienced (70.2%) than treatment naïve (58.1%) children (p = 0.03). Prevalence of low HDLc (40.2% versus 23.4%, p = 0.006) and hypertriglyceridemia (47.2% versus 35.8%, p = 0.02) was higher among cART experienced than naïve children. There was no difference in total hypercholesterolemia and high LDLc levels. Nutrition state was associated with dyslipidemia among cART naïve children (p = 0.01). Conclusion: high prevalence of cART-associated dyslipidemia, particularly low HDLc and hypertriglyceridemia was observed among treatment experienced HIV-infected children. The findings underscore the need for regular follow up of children on cART for lipid abnormalities.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Alanine Aminotransferase Elevations in a Prospective Cohort of HIV-Infected Tanzanian Adults Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
pp. 232595821988493
Author(s):  
Sabina F. Mugusi ◽  
David Sando ◽  
Ferdinand M. Mugusi ◽  
Claudia Hawkins ◽  
Said Aboud ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
P Values ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Male Sex

Introduction: Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) elevations are common among HIV-infected patients on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART). Approach: We conducted a prospective cohort study of 3023 HIV-infected Tanzanian adults initiating cART. We assessed risk factors for mild/moderate ALT elevations >40 IU/L and severe ALT elevations >200 IU/L. Results: We found that over a median follow-up of 32.5 months (interquartile range: 19.4-41.5), 44.8% of participants had at least 1 incident ALT elevation >40 IU/L of which 50.1% were persistent elevations. Risk factors for incident ALT elevation >40 IU/L included male sex, CD4 count <100 cells/μL, d4T+3TC+NVP cART, and triglycerides ≥150 mg/dL ( P values <.05). Hepatitis B coinfection and alcohol consumption increased the risk of severe ALT elevations >200 IU/L ( P values: <.05). Conclusion: Incident mild and moderate ALT elevations are common among Tanzanians initiating cART, and the clinical and demographic information can identify patients at increased risk.

scholarly journals Efficiency of Barley Bran and Oat Bran in Ameliorating Blood Lipid Profile and the Adverse Histological Changes in Hypercholesterolemic Male Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haddad A. El Rabey ◽  
Madeha N. Al-Seeni ◽  
Hanan M. Amer
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oat Bran ◽  
Barley Bran ◽  
Kidney Liver

The efficiency of oat bran and barley bran in lowering the induced hyperlipidemia and hypercholesterolemia in blood of male Albino rats (Rattus rattus) was studied. Twenty rats were divided into four groups each consisted of five rats and fed the specified test diets for eight weeks. The first group (G1) is the negative group which was fed basal diet, the second group (G2) was fed 1.0% cholesterol, was the third group (G3) fed 1.0% cholesterol and 10% oats bran, and the fourth group (G4) was fed 1.0% cholesterol and 10% barley bran. Feeding rats on 1% cholesterol significantly increased serum total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein, and very low density lipoprotein and triglyceride and decreased serum high density lipoprotein. Furthermore, enzyme activity of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline phosphatase was increased, and lipid peroxide was increased, whereas catalase and glutathione-S-transferase were decreased. Kidney functions parameters in the cholesterol supplemented group were elevated compared with the negative control. In addition, histological alteration in kidney, liver, heart, and testes was observed, compared with the negative control. Hypercholesterolemic rats supplemented with oat bran and barley bran showed significant decrease in lipid parameters, significant increase in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol, improved antioxidant enzyme, and improved histopathology of kidney, liver, heart, and testes. In conclusion, both oat bran and barley bran had protective effects against induced hyperlipidemia and improved histological alterations. Oat bran appeared more efficient than barley bran in lowering the lipid profile levels in hypercholesterolemic rats.

scholarly journals Dual Analysis of Loss to Follow-up for Perinatally HIV-Infected Adolescents Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy in Asia

2019 ◽  
Vol 82 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-438
Author(s):  
Adam W. Bartlett ◽  
Pagakrong Lumbiganon ◽  
Thahira A. Jamal Mohamed ◽  
Keswadee Lapphra ◽  
Dina Muktiarti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Loss To Follow Up ◽  
Dual Analysis

scholarly journals Lipid Profile of Children with Malaria byPlasmodium vivax

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosa Maria Dias ◽  
Jose Luiz Fernandes Vieira ◽  
Bianca da Conceição Cabral ◽  
Isameriliam Rosaulem Pereira da Silva ◽  
Laelia Maria Barra Feio Brasil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Lipid Levels ◽  
Colorimetric Measurements ◽  
History Of ◽  
Lipid Abnormalities

Background. Changes in lipid profile are commonly reported in adult patients with malaria. However, a few studies evaluated lipid abnormalities in children continuously exposed toP. vivax.Objective. To evaluate lipid abnormalities in children withP. vivaxinfection and to assess if parasite count or the history of malaria correlates with lipid levels at admission.Methods. A total of 75 children were included in the study, from which 43 were slide confirmed infection byP. vivax. Serial blood samples were collected at admission and, on days 7 and 14, evaluated for the colorimetric measurements of triglycerides, very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and low-density lipoprotein (LDL).Results. The levels of total cholesterol, LDL, and HDL were significantly lower in malaria cases. The levels of VLDL and triglycerides were significantly higher in children with malaria. Such changes were transient and were not associated with parasite counting as well as with the history of malaria of patients.Conclusion. There are significant lipid abnormalities in children with low level ofP. vivaxinfection and mild signs and symptoms of the disease, which are not associated with parasitaemia and previous episodes of disease.

Cost Effectiveness of Darunavir/ritonavir Combination Antiretroviral Therapy for Treatment-Naive Adults with HIV-1 Infection in Canada

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (9) ◽  
pp. 903-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita J. Brogan ◽  
Erik Smets ◽  
Josephine A. Mauskopf ◽  
Sarah A. L. Manuel ◽  
Ines Adriaenssen
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Combination Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Treatment Naïve ◽  
Hiv 1

scholarly journals Uji Toksisitas Ekstrak Metanolik Kombinasi Daun Benalu Teh Dan Daun Benalu Mangga Terhadap Profil Lipid Tikus Betina (Rattus norvegicus) pada Paparan Sub-Kronik 28 Hari

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tengku Anggun Lestari ◽  
Nour Athiroh ◽  
Nurul Jadid Mubarakati
Keyword(s):  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Rattus Norvegicus ◽  
Toxicity Test ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
One Way Anova

Tea Benalu (Scurrula atropurpurea [Bl.] Dans.) and Mango Benalu (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. miq.) containssecondary metabolites with potential antioxidant potential. Antioxidants can inhibit the oxidation process and reduce Total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL) and increase High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL). The safety of the preparations for the combination of parasites of tea and mango leaves was tested to obtain toxic effects after repeated treatment tests over some time. The purpose of this study was to determine the toxic effects of a combination of methanolic extracts of a combination of tea parasites and mangoes in female rats (Rattus norvegicus) subchronically for 28 days by looking at the results of the clinical biochemical examination on lipid profiles, namely total cholesterol levels, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins (28%). HDL), and Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL). The method of this study was experimental with a combination dose of methanol extract of tea parasite leaves and mango parasite leaves at a dose of 250 mg / KgBB, 500 mg / KgBB and 1000 mg / KgBB with 5x replications each treatment. The subjects used white rats (Rattus norvegicus) female Wistar strains aged 6-8 weeks with a minimum body weight of 100 grams. The treatment in this study was in the form of each dose given 5 times a week for 28 days (subchronic toxicity test) orally. Lipid profile levels were analyzed using the one-way ANOVA test. The results showed that the level of control blood lipid profile with a treatment dose of 250 mg / KgBW, 500 mg / KgBW, and 1000 mg / KgBW was not significantly different. The toxicity test of combined extracts of tea leaves and mango parasite leaves of female rat Rattus novergicus on subchronic exposure 28 days with those doses showed no difference tangible between treatments of controls. This means it is safe and does not cause toxic properties in the lipid profile of female wistar rats.Keywords: Lipid Profile, Scurrula atropurpurea, Dendophthoe pentandra, Sub-Chronic Toxicity, Rattus norvegicus ABSTRAKBenalu Teh (Scurrula atropurpurea [Bl.] Dans.) dan  Benalu Mangga (Dendrophthoe pentandra L. miq.) mengandung metabolit sekunder berpotensi sebagai antioksidan. Antioksidan dapat memperhambat proses oksidasi dan menurunkan Cholesterol Total, Trigliserida, Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) dan menaikkan High Density Lipoprotein (HDL). Keamanan sediaan kombinasi daun benalu teh dan mangga diuji memperoleh tentang efek toksik setelah uji perlakuan berulang dalam jangka waktu tertentu. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui efek toksik kombinasi ekstrak metanolik kombinasi daun benalu teh dan mangga pada tikus betina (Rattus norvegicus) secara subkronik selama 28 hari dengan melihat hasil pemeriksaan biokimia klinis pada profil lipid, yaitu kadar Cholesterol Total, Trigliserida, High Density Lipoprotein (HDL), dan Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL). Metode penelitian ini adalah eksperimental dengan perlakuan dosis kombinasi ekstrak metanol daun benalu teh dan daun benalu mangga dosis 250 mg/KgBB, 500 mg/KgBB dan 1000 mg/KgBB dengan ulangan 5x tiap perlakuan. Subjek menggunakan tikus putih (Rattus norvegicus) betina strain wistar yang berumur 6-8 minggu dengan berat badan minimal 100 gram. Perlakuan dalam penelitian ini berupa setiap dosis  diberikan 5 kali seminggu selama 28 hari (uji toksisitas subkronik) secara per-oral. Kadar profil lipid dianalisis menggunakan uji One-way ANOVA. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar profil lipid darah kontrol dengan perlakuan dosis 250 mg/KgBB, 500 mg/KgBB dan 1000 mg/KgBB tidak berbeda nyata. Uji”toksisitas”ekstrak kombinasi daun benalu teh dan daun benalu mangga  tikus betina Rattus novergicus pada paparan subkronik 28 hari dengan”dosis”tersebut menunjukkan hasil tidak”beda”nyata antara perlakuan terhadap”kontrol. ”Hal ini berarti aman dan tidak menimbulkan sifat toksik pada profil lipid tikus wistar betina.Kata Kunci : Profil Lipid, Scurrula atropurpurea, Dendophthoe pentandra, Subkronik, Rattus norvegicus

scholarly journals Alterations of Lipid profile levels in 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced ulcerative colitis rat model.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Geetha Palaniswamy ◽  
Lakshman Kumar B ◽  
Indra U ◽  
Pavithra Sheetal B
Keyword(s):  
Ulcerative Colitis ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
High Density ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Significant Difference

Objective: Ulcerative colitis is a type of inflammatory bowel disease is a chronic gastrointestinal disorder characterized by intestinal inflammation and mucosal tissue damage. We examined the lipid profile levels in murine model of 7,12 Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene induced ulcerative colitis.Methods: Serum was separated from whole blood and was used to determine the lipid profile such as total cholesterol (TC), phospholipids (PL), triglycerides (TG), free fatty acids, high density lipoprotein (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein (HDL-C).Results: Ulcerative colitis rats exhibit low level of low density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol. No significant difference was observed in high density lipoprotein and triglycerides and significant difference was observed in phospholipids and free fatty acid serum levels. This communication highlights the lipid profile that occurs in ulcerative colitis.Conclusion: This study, thus, provides valuable information about the disturbances in the lipids and lipoproteins occur in ulcerative colitis.Keywords: Ulcerative colitis, 7,12-Dimethylbenz(a)anthracene, Lipoprotein, Low-density lipoprotein, Phospholipids.

scholarly journals Changes in Lipid Profiles and Other Biochemical Parameters in HIV-1 Infected Patients Newly Commenced on HAART Regimen

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. IDRT.S10044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ballah Akawu Denue ◽  
Mohammed Bashir Alkali ◽  
Ali Usman Abjah ◽  
Ibrahim Musa Kida ◽  
Babajide Ajayi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Lipid Profiles ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Highly Active ◽  
Immunodeficiency Virus ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Treatment Naïve

Abnormalities of lipid metabolism are common in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients and tend to be accentuated in those receiving antiretroviral therapy, particularly with protease inhibitors (PIs). However, there is a dearth of information on serum lipid profiles and biochemical parameters among treatment-naive HIV-positive patients in our environment. We found that after 24 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), there was a significant increase in serum lipids. After 24 months of HAART, renal impairment was associated with a low increase in mean HDL and a high increase in triglycerides (TG). In conclusion, abnormality of serum lipid is common and showed female preponderance among treatment-naive HIV patients in our environment. Patients with HIV infection on HAART should be screened for lipid disorders given their high prevalence as observed in this study, because of its potential for morbidity and mortality in patients on HAART.

A new online image analyzer for macrocontaminants in recycled pulps

TAPPI Journal ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHELLE RICARD ◽  
GILLES DORRIS ◽  
SYLVAIN GENDRON ◽  
NATALIE PAGÉ ◽  
DENISE FILION ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Water Surface ◽  
High Density ◽  
Image Analyzer ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Direct Link ◽  
Online Mode ◽  
Recycled Pulp ◽  
Data Control

A new image analysis-based instrument has been developed for measurement of low density and high density macrocontaminants from recycled pulp or whitewater. The unit is coupled to a pulp classifier that isolates the contaminants from pulp and concentrates them before their transfer to a specialized chamber that further separates the contaminants based on their relative density to water. The low density contaminants float on the water surface, whereas the high density macrocontaminants sink onto the settling plate, where images of both contaminant types are then captured and analysed. Through image analysis, the high density contaminants are further classified into two categories: contaminants that are whitish in color and mainly comprised of stickies are named heavy stickies, whereas contaminants that are blackish in color and comprised of black toners and dark wood components are named dirt. When operating in the online mode with autosamplers delivering the samples to the pulp classifier, the instrument provides macrocontaminant determinations every 15 min. The total count and surface area of both types of macrocontaminants per kilograms of pulp can then be sent by direct link to the mill data control system, allowing an effective follow-up of macrocontaminant changes in process pulps and waters. The unit also allows the user to view images of the contaminants. The analyzer results obtained in terms of number and area of macrocontaminants show a linear relationship with TAPPI T-277 om-07 “Macro stickies content in pulp: the ‘pick-up’ method.”

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