scholarly journals Epicardial Adipose Tissue and Renal Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Narothama Aeddula ◽  
Wisit Cheungpasitporn ◽  
Charat Thongprayoon ◽  
Samata Pathireddy
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Noninvasive Biomarker ◽  
Visceral Layer ◽  
And Function ◽  
Inflammatory Molecules

Epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) is derived from splanchnic mesoderm, localized anatomically between the myocardium and pericardial visceral layer, and surrounds the coronary arteries. Being a metabolically active organ, EAT secretes numerous cytokines, which moderate cardiovascular morphology and function. Through its paracrine and vasocrine secretions, EAT may play a prominent role in modulating cardiac function. EAT protects the heart in normal physiological conditions by secreting a variety of adipokines with anti-atherosclerotic properties, and in contrast, secretes inflammatory molecules in pathologic conditions that may play a dynamic role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases by promoting atherosclerosis. Considerable research has been focused on comparing the anatomical and biochemical features of EAT in healthy people, and a variety of disease conditions such as cardiovascular diseases and renal diseases. The global cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in renal disease are high, and there is a paucity of concrete evidence and societal guidelines to detect early cardiovascular disease (CVD) in this group of patients. Here we performed a clinical review on the existing evidence and knowledge on EAT in patients with renal disease, to evaluate its application as a reliable, early, noninvasive biomarker and indicator for CVD, and to assess its significance in cardiovascular risk stratification.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic renal diseases

2008 ◽  
Vol 136 (Suppl. 2) ◽  
pp. 135-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nada Dimkovic
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
General Population ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Silent Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Cerebrovascular Event ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Chronic Renal Diseases

The risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with chronic renal disease appears to be far greater than in the general population and the risk of cardiovascular death is much higher than the risk of eventually requiring renal replacement therapy. Heart failure is important finding and it is evident even before the initiation of dialysis; the frequency of heart failure is 10 to 30 times higher in patients on dialysis than in the general population. Left ventricular hypertrophy has incidence of nearly 75-80% and is closely related to heart failure, ventricular arrhythmias, fatal myocardial infarction, aortic root dilatation and cerebrovascular event. Ischaemic heart disease is usually the consequence of coronary artery disease, but 27% of haemodialysis patients may have symptoms without atherosclerotic changes in coronary arteries. Silent myocardial ischemia is more frequent in dialysis population. Hypertension is present in 80-85% of patients and its prevalence is linearly related to glomerular filtration rate. Patients with end-stage renal disease are more likely to have an increase in pulse pressure and isolated systolic hypertension and they may not demonstrate the normal nocturnal decline in blood pressure. Patients on dialysis are prone to calcification of media and intima due to disbalance of promoters and inhibitors of calcification process. Now, there are no valid data about the privilege of one dialysis method over another in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Numerous traditional and non-traditional risk factors urge for preventive measures for cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic renal diseases.

Recent Advances in the Knowledge of Naturally-derived Bioactive Compounds as Modulating Agents of the Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone System: Therapeutic Benefits in Cardiovascular Diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 670-684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscila de Souza ◽  
Luisa M. da Silva ◽  
Sérgio F. de Andrade ◽  
Arquimedes Gasparotto Junior
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Current Therapy ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone System ◽  
Renin Angiotensin ◽  
Raas Blockade ◽  
Therapeutic Benefits ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Background: One of the biggest challenges to public health worldwide is to reduce the number of events and deaths related to the cardiovascular diseases. Numerous approaches have been applied to reach this goal, and drug treatment intervention has been indispensable along with an effective strategy for reducing both cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade is currently one of the most important targets of cardiovascular drug therapy. Many studies have proven the valuable properties of naturally-derived bioactive compounds to treat cardiovascular diseases. Methods: The goal of this review, therefore, is to discuss the recent developments related to medicinal properties about natural compounds as modulating agents of the RAAS, which have made them an attractive alternative to be available to supplement the current therapy options. Results: Data has shown that bioactive compounds isolated from several natural products act either by inhibiting the angiotensin-converting enzyme or directly by modulating the AT1 receptors of angiotensin II, which consequently changes the entire classical axis of this system. Conclusion: While there are a few evidence about the positive actions of different classes of secondary metabolites for the treatment of cardiovascular and renal diseases, data is scarce about the clinical assays established to demonstrate their value in humans.

scholarly journals Association of Cardiovascular Disease with Micro Albuminuria in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus - Study in A Tertiary Care Hospital

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Md Jahirul Haque ◽  
Md Nazrul Islam ◽  
Md Zakaria Al Aziz ◽  
Shah Mohammad Ashrafuzzaman ◽  
Gobindo Chandra Banik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Type 2 Dm ◽  
Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality

Introduction: Microalbuminuria appears to be the earliest sign and predictor of the subsequent diabetic renal disease and is a marker of increased cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. It is also a predictor of morbidity and mortality in patients who do not have evidence of significant renal disease Objective: To evaluate the association of microalbuminuria in type 2 DM with cardiovascular diseases and to correlate microalbuminuria with age of onset in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Materials and Method: A hospital based observational study was carried out in the Department of Medicine, Dhaka Medical College & Hospital,Dhaka, from January 2014 to November 2014. A total of 100 patients diagnosed as type 2 diabetes mellitus according to American Diabetic Association guideline were included in this study. Association of microalbuminuria with cardiovascular diseases was determined by statistical analysis and regression analysis. Results: The majority (40.0%) of patients were in 5th decade and the mean (±SD) age was 57.17±11.2 years. According to BMI it is observed that majority of patients were obese in both groups, where male 66.0% and female 75.5%.The occurrence of cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients is increasing with duration of DM, where 61.9% found in newly diagnosed DM. It was observed that 38(38.0%) patients had normoalbuminuria (<30 mg/gm), their mean ACR was 17.6±8.1 mg/gm and 62(62.0%) patients had microalbuminuria (30-300 mg/gm), their mean ACR was 158.7±88.3 mg/gm. Microalbuminuria was found 53(67.1%) and 9(42.9%) patients with cardiovascular diseases and without cardiovascular diseases respectively. Occurrence of microalbuminuia was found significantly higher (p<0.05) in type 2 DM patients with cardiovascular diseases. Conclusion:Microalbuminuria is found strongly associated with cardiovascular diseases in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and there is 2.72 times more chance of developing cardiovascular diseases. J MEDICINE JUL 2020; 21 (2) : 76-81

Epicardial adipose tissue and cardiovascular diseases

2019 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 254-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Maria Ansaldo ◽  
Fabrizio Montecucco ◽  
Amirhossein Sahebkar ◽  
Franco Dallegri ◽  
Federico Carbone
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue

scholarly journals The role of epicardial adipose tissue and autonomic nervous system in pathophysiology of cardiac arrhythmias

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 27
Author(s):  
D. V. Losik ◽  
N. A. Nikitin ◽  
S. M. Minin ◽  
E. V. Fisher ◽  
I. L. Mikheenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Cardiovascular Diseases ◽  
Cardiac Arrhythmias ◽  
Ventricular Arrhythmias ◽  
Epicardial Adipose Tissue

<p>The role of epicardial adipose tissue (EAT) in the pathogenesis and prognosis of cardiovascular diseases has been actively discussed. This review provides information regarding the main mechanisms by which EAT influences the pathophysiology of rhythm disturbances, such as atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias, as well as their relationship with chronic heart failure. The pathogenesis of cardiac arrhythmias is exceedingly complex. As such, the mechanism by which EAT influences arrhythmias and heart failure can vary according to the anatomy and type of arrhythmia, one of which involves the autonomic nervous system (ANS). Some studies have shown a good treatment effects by targeting EAT in atrial fibrillation, whereas others have found that EAT volume can be used to predict the efficacy of radiofrequency ablation, a method for treating atrial fibrillation and ventricular arrhythmias. However, no standards have yet been established for the use of EAT visualisation. Fundamental, translational and clinical research are needed to study the role of EAT and ANS in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.</p><p>Received 15 March 2021. Revised 25 April 2021. Accepted 26 April 2021.</p><p><strong>Funding:</strong> The work is supported by a grant of the Russian Science Foundation (project No. 17-75-20118).</p><p><strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> The authors declare no conflicts of interests.</p><p><strong>Contribution of the authors</strong><br />Conception and study design: D.V. Losik, N.A. Nikitin, S.M. Minin, A.B. Romanov, A.M. Chernyavskiy<br />Drafting the article: D.V. Losik, I.L. Mikheenko, E.V. Fisher, N.A. Nikitin<br />Critical revision of the article: D.V. Losik, I.L. Mikheenko, E.V. Fisher, N.A. Nikitin<br />Final approval of the version to be published: D.V. Losik, N.A. Nikitin, S.M. Minin, E.V. Fisher, I.L. Mikheenko, A.M. Chernyavskiy, A.B. Romanov</p>

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