scholarly journals Liver Fat Content and Body Fat Distribution in Youths with Excess Adiposity

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robinson Ramírez-Vélez ◽  
Mikel Izquierdo ◽  
Jorge Correa-Bautista ◽  
María Correa-Rodríguez ◽  
Jacqueline Schmidt-RioValle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Healthy Diet ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Excess Adiposity ◽  
Distribution Parameters

This study had two main objectives: To examine the association between body fat distribution and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and liver fat content, and to determine whether the relationship between NAFLD and regional body fat distribution, with respect to liver fat content in youths with excess adiposity, is independent of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and a healthy diet. Liver fat content (controlled attenuation parameter (CAP)), body fat distribution (body mass index (BMI) z-score, waist circumference, waist-to-height ratio, fat mass/height, body fat percentage, total fat mass, android-to-gynoid fat mass ratio, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), and lean mass index, determined by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA)), CRF (20-m shuttle-run test), and healthy diet (adherence to the Mediterranean diet by KIDMED questionnaire) were measured in 126 adolescents (66% girls) aged between 11 and 17 years. Participants were assigned to two groups according to the presence or absence of hepatic steatosis (CAP values ≥225 dB/m or <225 dB/m of liver fat, respectively). Considering the similar total fat values for the two groups (>30% by DXA), youths with NAFLD had higher fat distribution parameters than those without NAFLD, regardless of sex, age, puberty stage, lean mass index, CRF, and healthy diet (p < 0.01). In the non-NAFLD group, the association between hepatic fat and fat distribution parameters presented a similar pattern, although the association was statistically insignificant after adjusting for a potential confounding variable (ps > 0.05), except for the case of VAT. Body fat distribution parameters were higher in youths with NAFLD compared to those without NAFLD. Additionally, body fat distribution showed a significant association with liver fat content as assessed by CAP in youths with NAFLD independent of CRF and adherence to the Mediterranean diet, supporting the notion that upper body fat distribution might play a pivotal role in the development of NAFLD in adolescents. These results may have implications for the clinical management of youths with excess adiposity given the high prevalence of NAFLD in children and young adults.

scholarly journals Insulin Sensitivity Is Correlated with Subcutaneous but Not Visceral Body Fat in Overweight and Obese Prepubertal Children

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (6) ◽  
pp. 2122-2128 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Maffeis ◽  
Riccardo Manfredi ◽  
Maddalena Trombetta ◽  
Silvia Sordelli ◽  
Monica Storti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
P Value ◽  
Inflammation Markers ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Prepubertal Children

Abstract Aim: Our aim was to explore the relationship between insulin sensitivity, body fat distribution, ectopic (liver and skeletal muscle) fat deposition, adipokines (leptin and adiponectin), and inflammation markers (highly sensitive C-reactive protein, IL-6, IL-10, and TNF-α) in prepubertal children. Subjects and Methods: Thirty overweight and obese children (16 males and 14 females with body mass index z-score range of 1.1–3.2) were recruited. Body fat distribution and fat accumulation in liver and skeletal muscle were measured using magnetic resonance imaging. Insulin sensitivity was assessed by iv glucose tolerance test. Results: Insulin sensitivity was associated with sc abdominal adipose tissue (SAT) (r = −0.52; P &lt; 0.01) and liver fat content (r = −0.44; P &lt; 0.02) but not with visceral abdominal adipose tissue (VAT) (r = −0.193; P value not significant) and fat accumulation in skeletal muscle (r = −0.210; P value not significant). Adipokines, but not inflammation markers, were significantly correlated to insulin sensitivity. VAT correlated with C-reactive protein (r = 0.55; P &lt; 0.01) as well as adiponectin (r = −0.53; P &lt;0.01). Multiple regression analysis showed that only SAT and liver fat content were independently correlated to insulin sensitivity (P &lt; 0.01; 20 and 16% of explained variance, respectively). Conclusions: In overweight and moderately obese prepubertal children, insulin sensitivity was negatively correlated with SAT and liver fat content. Furthermore, contrary to adults, VAT and inflammation markers were not correlated with insulin sensitivity in children.

scholarly journals Elevated Circulating Glutamate Is Associated With Subclinical Atherosclerosis Independently of Established Risk Markers: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Lehn-Stefan ◽  
Andreas Peter ◽  
Jürgen Machann ◽  
Fritz Schick ◽  
Elko Randrianarisoa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Visceral Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Elevated Plasma ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objective Elevated plasma glutamate levels are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Because plasma glutamate levels are also strongly associated with visceral adiposity, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, insulin resistance, and high circulating levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), it is unknown to what extent elevated circulating glutamate is an independent marker of an increased risk of atherosclerosis. Methods Plasma levels of glutamate and BCAAs were measured in 102 individuals who were precisely phenotyped for body fat mass and distribution (magnetic resonance [MR] tomography), liver fat content (1H-MR spectroscopy), insulin sensitivity (oral glucose tolerance test and hyperinsulinemic, euglycemic clamp [N = 57]), and carotid intima media thickness (cIMT). Results Plasma glutamate levels, adjusted for age, sex, body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, correlated positively with liver fat content and cIMT (all std β ≥ .22, all P ≤ .023) and negatively with insulin sensitivity (std β ≤ –.31, P ≤ .002). Glutamate levels also were associated with cIMT, independently of additional adjustment for liver fat content, insulin sensitivity and BCAAs levels (std β ≥ .24, P ≤ .02). Furthermore, an independent positive association of glutamate and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels was observed (N = 50; std β = .39, P = .03). Although glutamate, adjusted for age, sex, body fat mass, and visceral fat mass, also correlated positively with cIMT in this subgroup (std β = .31, P = .02), after additional adjustment for the parameters liver fat content, insulin sensitivity, BCAAs, or IL-6 levels, adjustment for IL-6 most strongly attenuated this relationship (std β = .28, P = .05). Conclusions Elevated plasma glutamate levels are associated with increased cIMT, independently of established CVD risk factors, and this relationship may in part be explained by IL-6-associated subclinical inflammation.

scholarly journals Changes in Body Fat Distribution in Antiretroviral-Naive HIV-Positive Individuals Initiating Current ART Regimens

2018 ◽  
Vol 104 (3) ◽  
pp. 900-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Tiraboschi ◽  
Antonio Navarro-Alcaraz ◽  
Dolors Giralt ◽  
Carmen Gomez-Vaquero ◽  
Maria Saumoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
The Body ◽  
Strand Transfer ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Fat Mass Ratio

Abstract Objectives To describe the changes in body fat distribution (BFD) occurring over 60 months in a group of antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naive individuals starting different antiretroviral regimens. Methods A prospective ongoing fat change assessment including clinical evaluation and dual X-ray absorptiometry scan is being conducted in all consecutive patients initiating ART from January 2008. Arm, leg, trunk, and total fat as well as fat mass ratio were determined. Results A total of 146 patients were included (80% male, 40% MSM). Mean age was 44 years, HIV-1 RNA was 4.98 log10 copies/mL, and CD4 count was 254 cells/μL. The most common initial antiretroviral combination included non-nucleoside reverse transcription inhibitor (NNRTI) drugs followed by protease inhibitor (PI) and integrase strand transfer inhibitor (INSTI)-based regimens. At month 36, an increase was seen in the body mass index (BMI), total fat, trunk fat, and limb fat. The fat mass ratio (FMR) also showed a significant increase in both men and women (P = 0.001). In patients receiving NNRTI- or INSTI-based regimens (but not PIs), there was a marginal but statistically significant increase in the FMR (0.10 and 0.07, respectively; P = 0.01). Sixty-two subjects completed 60 months of follow-up. FMR showed a significant increase even in the PI group at this time point (P &lt; 0.03). Conclusions We observed a significant increase in the fat and lean body mass in all compartments and treatment groups over 36 and 60 months. Clinically irrelevant differences were found in fat distribution regardless of the treatment group and baseline characteristics. The data suggest that current antiretroviral regimens have little impact on BFD during the first years of treatment.

scholarly journals Adherence to a plant-based diet in relation to adipose tissue volumes and liver fat content

2020 ◽  
Vol 112 (2) ◽  
pp. 354-363
Author(s):  
Ilka Ratjen ◽  
Jakub Morze ◽  
Janna Enderle ◽  
Marcus Both ◽  
Jan Borggrefe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Healthy Plant ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Subcutaneous Abdominal Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT Background Better adherence to plant-based diets has been linked to lower risk of metabolic diseases but the effect on abdominal fat distribution and liver fat content is unclear. Objectives We aimed to examine the association between different plant-based diet indices and measures of abdominal fat distribution and liver fat content. Methods In a population-based sample of 578 individuals from Northern Germany (57% male, median age 62 y), diet was assessed with a validated FFQ and an overall, a healthy, and an unhealthy plant-based diet index were derived. Participants underwent MRI to assess volumes of visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue and liver signal intensity (LSI), a measure of liver fat content. Fatty liver disease (FLD) was defined as log LSI ≥3.0. Cross-sectional associations of the plant-based diet indices with visceral and subcutaneous abdominal fat volumes, LSI, and FLD were assessed in linear and logistic regression analyses. The most comprehensive model adjusted for age, sex, education, smoking, alcohol, physical activity, energy intake, diabetes, hyperlipidemia, and BMI. Results Higher overall and healthy plant-based diet indices both revealed statistically significant associations with lower visceral and subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue volumes and with lower odds of FLD in multivariable-adjusted models without BMI. Upon additional adjustment for BMI, only the association of the healthy plant-based diet with visceral adipose tissue remained statistically significant (per 10-point higher healthy plant-based diet index, percentage change in visceral adipose tissue: −4.9%, 95% CI: −8.6%, −2.0%). None of the plant-based diet indices was associated with LSI. The unhealthy plant-based diet index was unrelated to any of the abdominal or liver fat parameters. Conclusions Adherence to healthy plant-based diets was associated with lower visceral adipose tissue. None of the other examined associations remained statistically significant after adjustment for BMI.

scholarly journals Potential effects of reduced red meat compared with increased fiber intake on glucose metabolism and liver fat content: a randomized and controlled dietary intervention study

2019 ◽  
Vol 109 (2) ◽  
pp. 288-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Willmann ◽  
Martin Heni ◽  
Katarzyna Linder ◽  
Robert Wagner ◽  
Norbert Stefan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Intervention Study ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Red Meat ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Fiber Intake ◽  
Liver Fat Content ◽  
Meat Intake

ABSTRACT Background Epidemiological studies suggest that an increased red meat intake is associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes, whereas an increased fiber intake is associated with a lower risk. Objectives We conducted an intervention study to investigate the effects of these nutritional factors on glucose and lipid metabolism, body-fat distribution, and liver fat content in subjects at increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Methods This prospective, randomized, and controlled dietary intervention study was performed over 6 mo. All groups decreased their daily caloric intake by 400 kcal. The “control” group (N = 40) only had this requirement. The “no red meat” group (N = 48) in addition aimed to avoid the intake of red meat, and the “fiber” group (N = 44) increased intake of fibers to 40 g/d. Anthropometric parameters and frequently sampled oral glucose tolerance tests were performed before and after intervention. Body-fat mass and distribution, liver fat, and liver iron content were assessed by MRI and single voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Results Participants in all groups lost weight (mean 3.3 ± 0.5 kg, P < 0.0001). Glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity improved (P < 0.001), and body and visceral fat mass decreased in all groups (P < 0.001). These changes did not differ between groups. Liver fat content decreased significantly (P < 0.001) with no differences between the groups. The decrease in liver fat correlated with the decrease in ferritin during intervention (r2 = 0.08, P = 0.0021). This association was confirmed in an independent lifestyle intervention study (Tuebingen Lifestyle Intervention Program, N = 229, P = 0.0084). Conclusions Our data indicate that caloric restriction leads to a marked improvement in glucose metabolism and body-fat composition, including liver-fat content. The marked reduction in liver fat might be mediated via changes in ferritin levels. In the context of caloric restriction, there seems to be no additional beneficial impact of reduced red meat intake and increased fiber intake on the improvement in cardiometabolic risk parameters. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03231839.

scholarly journals Higher physical activity is associated with increased androgens, low interleukin 6 and less aortic calcification in peripheral obese elderly women

2008 ◽  
Vol 199 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
R H Straub ◽  
L B Tankó ◽  
C Christiansen ◽  
P J Larsen ◽  
D S Jessop
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Lumbar Vertebra ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Aortic Calcification

The presence of peripheral fat mass (PFM) appears to counteract the atherogenic trends of central fat mass through mechanisms presently poorly understood. In elderly women with distinct forms of body fat distribution, we wanted to study whether physical activity and aortic calcification are related to plasma levels of cortisol, 17-α-hydroxyprogesterone (17-α-OHP), dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), androstenedione (ASD), and interleukin 6 (IL6) accomplishing an anti-atherogenic milieu. A total of 276 well-defined generally healthy women aged 60–85 years were included. Categorization of body fat distribution was based on the relative presence of central to PFM measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. Women meticulously reported weekly physical activity. Outcome measures were aortic calcification between lumbar vertebra L1 and L4, plasma levels of hormones, and IL6. In peripheral adipose women, plasma DHEA and ASD increased with the degree of physical activity. This was also mirrored in the ratios of cortisol/DHEA and cortisol/17-α-OHP. Peripheral adipose women with high DHEA relative to cortisol had less severe aortic calcification, and in the same group a higher level of physical activity was associated with lower levels of plasma IL6. In conclusion, this study demonstrates that high physical activity is associated with a high circulating androgen to cortisol ratio, low IL6, and less severe aortic calcification. Since androgens inhibit IL6 secretion, the activity-induced increase of these hormones might be an anti-atherogenic signal.

Relationships between tamoxifen use, liver fat and body fat distribution in women with breast cancer

2001 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 296-298 ◽  
Author(s):  
MC Nguyen ◽  
RB Stewart ◽  
MA Banerji ◽  
DH Gordon ◽  
JG Kral
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Liver Fat

scholarly journals Dietary fatty acid intake and gut microbiota determine circulating endocannabinoidome signaling beyond the effect of body fat

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Castonguay-Paradis ◽  
Sébastien Lacroix ◽  
Gabrielle Rochefort ◽  
Lydiane Parent ◽  
Julie Perron ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Mediterranean Diet ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Circulating Levels

Abstract The endocannabinoidome encompasses several fatty acid (FA)-derived mediators, including the endocannabinoid anandamide (AEA) and 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol (2-AG), which served as targets for anti-obesity drug development, and their congener N-acyl-ethanolamines (NAEs) and 2-monoacyl-glycerols (2‑MAGs), which are involved in food intake and energy metabolism. Body weight and fat distribution have been suggested as determinants of peripheral endocannabinoid levels. We aimed at investigating factors, beyond body fat composition, that are associated with circulating NAE and 2-MAG levels in a heterogeneous human population. Plasma NAEs and 2-MAGs were measured using LC–MS/MS in a cross-sectional sample of healthy men and women (n = 195) covering a wide range of BMI and individuals before and after a 2-day Mediterranean diet (n = 21). Circulating levels of all 2-MAGs and NAEs, other than N-oleoyl-ethanolamine (OEA), correlated with body fat mass and visceral adipose tissue (0.26 < r < 0.54). NAE levels were elevated in individuals with elevated fat mass, while 2-MAGs were increased in individuals with predominantly visceral body fat distribution. Dietary intakes of specific FAs were associated with 2-AG and omega-3-FA-derived NAEs or 2-MAGs, irrespective of the body fat distribution. Some gut bacterial families (e.g. Veillonellaceae, Peptostreptococcaceae and Akkermansiaceae) were associated with variations in most NAEs or omega-3-FA-derived 2‑MAGs, independently of fat mass and dietary FA intake. Finally, a 2-day Mediterranean diet intervention increased circulating levels of NAEs and 2-MAGs in agreement with changes in FA intake (p < 0.01). Self-reported intake and short-term dietary intervention increased in oleic acid and EPA and DHA intake as well as certain gut microbiota taxa are associated to circulating NAEs and 2‑MAGs independently of adiposity measures, thus highlighting the potential importance of these variables in determining endocannabinoidome signaling in humans.

Body Fat Mass, Body Fat Distribution, and Plasma Hormones in Early Puberty in Females

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 888-893 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. M. DE RIDDER ◽  
P. F. BRUNING ◽  
M. L. ZONDERLAND ◽  
J. H. H. THIJSSEN ◽  
J. M. G. BONFRER ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Distribution ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Early Puberty ◽  
Plasma Hormones
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