scholarly journals Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Is a Novel Imaging Biomarker of Myopathic Changes in Liver Cirrhosis

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexey Surov ◽  
Lisa Paul ◽  
Hans Meyer ◽  
Stefan Schob ◽  
Cornelius Engelmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Meld Score ◽  
Imaging Biomarker ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
Myopathic Changes

Diffusion weighted imaging can provide information regarding tissue composition and can quantitatively characterize different pathological changes by means of apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC). The study comprised of 114 patients with liver cirrhosis—22 women and 92 men with a mean age of 56.5 ± 9.0 years. In all patients, the Model for End Stage-Liver Disease (MELD) score was calculated. Furthermore, 12 healthy persons (5 women, 7 men), mean age, 42.1 ± 16.2 years, were investigated as a control group. In all cases, magnetic resonance imaging of the liver/trunk was performed using different 3T scanners and diffusion weighted images were obtained with a multi-shot SE-EPI sequence. In all cases, polygonal regions of interest were manually drawn on the ADC maps along the contours of the iliopsoas and paravertebral muscles. The comparison of ADC values in groups was performed by Mann-Whitney-U tests. The association between ADC and MELD score was calculated by Spearman’s rank correlation coefficient. ADC values of the skeletal musculature were statistically much higher in comparison to those in the control group: 1.85 ± 0.46 × 10−3 mm2 s−1 vs. 1.23 ± 0.12 × 10−3 mm2 s−1, p = 0.001. ADC values showed statistically significant correlation with the MELD score (r = 0.473, p = 0.0001). Furthermore, ADC values differed between the subgroups with different values of the MELD score. ADC values correlated slightly with lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (r = 0.381, p = 0.0001) and tended to correlate with C-reactive protein (CRP) (r = 0.171, p = 0.07) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) (r = −0.167, p = 0.076). ADC can reflect muscle changes in liver cirrhosis and shows statistically significant correlation with the MELD score. Therefore, ADC can be used as an imaging biomarker of myopathic changes in liver cirrhosis.

scholarly journals Diffusion-Weighted MRI of the Breast in Women with a History of Mantle Radiation: Does Radiation Alter Apparent Diffusion Coefficient?

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-216
Author(s):  
Punam Bajaj ◽  
Chiara Iacconi ◽  
David D Dershaw ◽  
Elizabeth A Morris
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Breast Tissue ◽  
Rank Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
History Of

Abstract Objective Fibrosis from chest irradiation could lower the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) of breast tissue. ADC values of normal breast tissue in high-risk women who underwent mantle radiation before age 30 years were compared with a screening control group matched for breast fibroglandular tissue (FGT). Methods In this retrospective study, we reviewed 21 women with a history of mantle radiation who underwent breast MRI examinations between 2008 and 2013, and 20 nonirradiated patients (control group) imaged during the same period with matching FGT and similar age. The women were dichotomized into low FGT (10/20, 50%) and high-FGT (10/20, 50%) groups, based on BI-RADS descriptors. All MRI examinations included diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) (b = 0, 1000); ADC maps were generated and evaluated on PACS workstations by two radiologists in agreement. Region of interest markers were placed on ADC maps in visualized breast tissue in the retroareolar region of each breast. The ADC value was averaged for the right and left breast in each patient included in the study. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the ADC values in the irradiated patients and the matched control patients. Results The median breast ADC was lower in the irradiated group (1.32 × 10-3mm2/sec) than in the control group (1.62 × 10-3mm2/sec; P = 0.0089). Low FGT in the irradiated group had a lower median ADC (1.25 × 10-3mm2/sec) than it did in the control group (1.53 × 10-3mm2/sec). Irradiated high-FGT breasts had a median ADC (1.52 × 10-3mm2/sec), as compared with nonirradiated control patients with high FGT (1.82 × 10-3mm2/sec). Conclusion Previously irradiated breasts have lower ADC values than do nonirradiated breasts.

Effects of contrast-enhancement on diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient measurements in 3-T magnetic resonance imaging of breast lesions

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (8) ◽  
pp. 902-908
Author(s):  
Valentina Cipolla ◽  
Daniele Guerrieri ◽  
Giacomo Bonito ◽  
Simone Celsa ◽  
Carlo de Felice
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Breast Lesions ◽  
Post Contrast ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Signed Rank ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Malignant Breast ◽  
Adc Values

Background The effect of gadolinium-based contrast agents on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) measurements of breast lesions is still not clear. Purpose To investigate gadolinium effects on DWI and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) in breast lesions and normal parenchyma with 3 Tesla contrast-enhanced MRI. Material and Methods Pre- and post-contrast DWI (b = 0 and b = 1000 s/mm2) were acquired in 47 patients. Measured ADC values, pre- and post-contrast T2 signal intensity (T2 SI) and contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) were compared with Wilcoxon signed-rank and rank-sum test ( P < 0.05). Results Post-contrast ADC was reduced only in malignant lesions (−34%), T2 SI was reduced both in malignant (−50%) and benign (−36%) lesions. Post-contrast CNR was reduced in all groups except for benign lesions. Conclusion Gadolinium-based contrast agent causes a significant reduction in ADC values of malignant breast lesions.

Apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) does not correlate with different serological parameters in myositis and myopathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (6) ◽  
pp. 694-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans-Jonas Meyer ◽  
Oliver Ziemann ◽  
Malte Kornhuber ◽  
Alexander Emmer ◽  
Ulf Quäschling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Inflammatory Myopathy ◽  
Random Motion ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Muscle Disorders ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Background Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely used in several muscle disorders. Diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) is an imaging modality, which can reflect microstructural tissue composition. The apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) is used to quantify the random motion of water molecules in tissue. Purpose To investigate ADC values in patients with myositis and non-inflammatory myopathy and to analyze possible associations between ADC and laboratory parameters in these patients. Material and Methods Overall, 17 patients with several myositis entities, eight patients with non-inflammatory myopathies, and nine patients without muscle disorder as a control group were included in the study (mean age = 55.3 ± 14.3 years). The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology in every case. DWI was obtained in a 1.5-T scanner using two b-values: 0 and 1000 s/mm2. In all patients, the blood sample was acquired within three days to the MRI. The following serological parameters were estimated: C-reactive protein, lactate dehydrogenase, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatine kinase, and myoglobine. Results The estimated mean ADC value for the myositis group was 1.89 ± 0.37 × 10–3 mm2/s and for the non-inflammatory myopathy group was 1.79 ± 0.33 × 10–3 mm2/s, respectively. The mean ADC values (1.15 ± 0.37 × 10–3 mm2/s) were significantly higher to unaffected muscles (vs. myositis P = 0.0002 and vs. myopathy P = 0.0021). There were no significant correlations between serological parameters and ADC values. Conclusion Affected muscles showed statistically significantly higher ADC values than normal muscles. No linear correlations between ADC and serological parameters were identified.

Can Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Predict the Clinical Outcome in Drowned Children?

2017 ◽  
Vol 68 (2) ◽  
pp. 217-223
Author(s):  
Adrian Hruşcã ◽  
Andreea Liana Rãchişan ◽  
Siegfried Rödl ◽  
Erich Sorantin
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Neurological Outcome ◽  
Cerebral Injury ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Apallic Syndrome ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Introduction Pediatric cerebral hypoxic-ischemic injury frequently results in severe neurological outcome. Imaging with diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWi) demonstrates that the acute cerebral injury and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) allow the assessment of the severity of brain damage. The main objective was to examine if spatial distribution of reductions in ADC values is associated with clinical outcome in drowned children. Methods This is a retrospective study of 7 children (7 examinations) suffering from a hypoxic-ischemic event who underwent DWi. Seven subjects with normal DWi served as controls. The mean patient age was 4.88 ± 2.93 years and the male-to-female ratio was 5:2. The neurological outcome was divided into 2 categories: 4 children with Apallic syndrome and 3 deaths. We analysed the differences between the drowned children and the control group regarding clinical data, DWi abnormalities, and ADC values. Results The ADC values in the occipital and parietal grey matter were significantly different between the drowned children (765.14 ± 65.47 vs 920.95 ± 69.62; P = .003) and the control group (670.82 ± 233.99 vs 900.66 ± 92.72; P = .005). The ADC showed low values in the precentral area also ( P = .044). Conclusion The ADC reduction may be useful to predict the poor outcome in drowned children and can be a valuable tool for clinical assessment.

scholarly journals Evaluating Spinal Canal Lesions Using Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Maps with Diffusion-Weighted Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 312-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hirohito Kanamoto ◽  
Masaki Norimoto ◽  
Yawara Eguchi ◽  
Yasuhiro Oikawa ◽  
Sumihisa Orita ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Spinal Canal ◽  
Decompression Surgery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values

Study Design: Observational study.Purpose: To evaluate healthy volunteers and patients with spinal canal lesions using apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) maps with diffusion-weighted imaging.Overview of Literature: Decompression surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS) is selected on the basis of subjective assessment and cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). However, there is no objective standard for this procedure.Methods: We performed 3T MRI in 10 healthy volunteers and 13 patients with LSS. The ADC values in the spinal canal were evaluated at 46 vertebrae (L4/5 and L5/S1 for each participant), and the reduced and conventional fields of view were compared.Results: The ADC values were 2.72±0.12 at L4/5 in healthy volunteers, 2.76±0.19 at L5/S1 in healthy volunteers, 1.77±0.58 at L4/5 in patients with LSS, and 2.35±0.29 at L5/S1 in patients with LSS. The ADC value at L4/5 in patients with LSS was significantly lower than that at L5/S1 in patients with LSS and that at L4/5 and L5/S1 in healthy volunteers (<i>p</i> <0.05). With an ADC cutoff value of 2.46 to identify LSS, this approach provided an area under the curve of 0.81, sensitivity of 0.92, and specificity of 0.76 (<i>p</i> <0.05).Conclusions: Preoperative examination using ADC maps permits visualization and quantification of spinal canal lesions, thus proving the utility of ADC maps in the selection of decompression surgery for LSS.

scholarly journals Quantitative Evaluation of apparent diffusion coefficient in a large multi-unit institution using the QIBA diffusion phantom.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua P Yung ◽  
Yao Ding ◽  
Ken-Pin Hwang ◽  
Carlos E Cardenas ◽  
Hua Ai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient ◽  
Coefficient Of Variation ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Apparent Diffusion Coefficient Values ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Apparent Diffusion ◽  
Adc Values ◽  
The One

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the quantitative variability of diffusion weighted imaging and apparent diffusion coefficient values across a large fleet of MR systems. Using a NIST traceable magnetic resonance imaging diffusion phantom, imaging was reproducible and the measurements were quantitatively compared to known values. Methods: A fleet of 23 clinical MRI scanners was investigated in this study. A NIST/QIBA DWI phantom was imaged with protocols provided with the phantom. The resulting images were analyzed and ADC maps were generated. User-directed region-of-interests on each of the different vials provided ADC measurements among a wide range of known ADC values. Results: Three diffusion phantoms were used in this study and compared to one another. From the one-way analysis of the variance, the mean and standard deviation of the percent errors from each phantom were not significantly different from one another. The low ADC vials showed larger errors and variation and appear directly related to SNR. Across all the MR systems and data, the coefficient of variation was calculated and Bland-Altman analysis was performed. ADC measurements were similar to one another except for the vials with the lower ADC values, which had a higher coefficient of variation. Conclusion: ADC values among the three phantoms showed good agreement and were not significantly different from one another. The large percent errors seen primarily at the low ADC values were shown to be a consequence of the SNR dependence and very little bias was observed between magnetic strengths and manufacturers. ADC values between diffusion phantoms were not statistically significant. Future investigations will be performed to study differences in magnetic field strength, vendor, MR system models, gradients, and bore size. More data across different MR platforms would facilitate quantitative measurements for multi-platform and multi-site imaging studies. With the increasing usage of diffusion weighted imaging in the clinic, the characterization of ADC variability for MR systems provides an improved quality control over the MR systems.

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