scholarly journals Role of Vitamin A in the Immune System

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyi Huang ◽  
Yu Liu ◽  
Guangying Qi ◽  
David Brand ◽  
Song Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune ◽  
The Relationship

Vitamin A (VitA) is a micronutrient that is crucial for maintaining vision, promoting growth and development, and protecting epithelium and mucus integrity in the body. VitA is known as an anti-inflammation vitamin because of its critical role in enhancing immune function. VitA is involved in the development of the immune system and plays regulatory roles in cellular immune responses and humoral immune processes. VitA has demonstrated a therapeutic effect in the treatment of various infectious diseases. To better understand the relationship between nutrition and the immune system, the authors review recent literature about VitA in immunity research and briefly introduce the clinical application of VitA in the treatment of several infectious diseases.

scholarly journals Understanding the role of antibody glycosylation through the lens of severe viral and bacterial diseases

Glycobiology ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 241-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward B Irvine ◽  
Galit Alter
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Functional Roles ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Class Switch ◽  
Antibody Isotypes ◽  
Specific Control ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Abundant evidence points to a critical role for antibodies in protection and pathology across infectious diseases. While the antibody variable domain facilitates antibody binding and the blockade of infection, the constant domain (Fc) mediates cross talk with the innate immune system. The biological activity of the Fc region is controlled genetically via class switch recombination, resulting in the selection of distinct antibody isotypes and subclasses. However, a second modification is made to all antibodies, via post-translational changes in antibody glycosylation. Studies from autoimmunity and oncology have established the role of immunoglobulin G (IgG) Fc glycosylation as a key regulator of humoral immune activity. However, a growing body of literature, exploring IgG Fc glycosylation through the lens of infectious diseases, points to the role of inflammation in shaping Fc-glycan profiles, the remarkable immune plasticity in antibody glycosylation across pathogen-exposed populations, the canonical and noncanonical functions of glycans and the existence of antigen-specific control over antibody Fc glycosylation. Ultimately, this work provides critical new insights into the functional roles for antibody glycosylation as well as lays the foundation for leveraging antibody glycosylation to drive prevention or control across diseases.

Role of Common Kitchen Remedies in Prevention of Infectious Diseases with a particular perspective of Covid-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 1378-1383
Author(s):  
Kanyaka Bagde ◽  
Bharat Rathi ◽  
Renu Rathi ◽  
Prem Badwaik ◽  
Swapnali Khabde
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
The Body ◽  
Self Healing ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Common Man ◽  
Natural Way

The greatness of Ayurveda medicine is that it works on your immune system and helps to build up the body to fight against viral invasions. It is the safest, economical and natural way of self-healing. It can quickly spread among masses from rich to poor all over the country. Ayurveda has been dealing with plenty of herbs for a very long time. These herbs include some rare to prevalent herbs which we can found some in the kitchen even though if that is of any commoners. The concern is that these viral infections are very prone to attack weak immunity and take the chance to affect the country to the globe. So the prevalent herbs of Ayurveda available in the kitchen will always be helpful to get through this viral invasion. These herbs are always there to make tasty food as well as to protect the body from infectious diseases by building the immunity strong. Herbs from the kitchen are not complicated to take as a medicine. Regular use of a few herbs in the straightforward form proves its importance as a medicine. In this article a review of herbs is done which we are available in our kitchen, we are using it in our daily life, and we are getting the benefit of these which a common man might not be fully aware of about. 

scholarly journals Role of nutrition in ameliorating the severity of COVID-19: A review update

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Jonathan Ibrahim ◽  
Fatima Mahmoud Muhammad ◽  
Dalyop Daniel Gyang ◽  
Victoria Sanda Felix ◽  
Toheeb Damilola Yissa
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Rna Virus ◽  
H1n1 Influenza ◽  
The Body ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Quality Diet ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Relationship

Transmissible diseases are on the increase worldwide. Viral diseases have continued to emerge and represent a serious issue to public health. In the last twenty years, several viral epidemics such as the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in 2002 to 2003, and H1N1 influenza in 2009, were recorded. In this study, the role of nutrition in ameliorating the mortality rate of Covid-19 virus infection was reviewed. Nutrition has been confirmed as one factor that can be utilized to inhibit the upshot of viral infection before clinical treatment is received by the patient. For the body to function normally, its nutritional demand must be met in the right proportions. Diet rich in vitamins, minerals and micronutrients are required for the metabolic functioning of the body and immune system, hence effective or adequate nutrition has health benefits to the human body particularly in fighting against infectious diseases including Covid-19. In defining the relationship or interaction between nutrition and infection, nutritionists have conventionally considered only the effects of diet on the host. Contemporary findings, however, stipulates that, at least for an RNA virus, host nutrition can influence the genetic make-up of the pathogen and thereby alter its virulence. Living on a quality diet has a way of improving the body defence mechanism against infectious diseases, Covid-19 virus inclusive. Adequate dietary nutrition could be an effective approach to counter the outbreak of Covid-19 pandemic, which is yet to have a worldwide scientifically acceptable treatment

scholarly journals A highly specific assay for the detection of SARS-CoV-2-reactive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in COVID-19 patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Henning Zelba ◽  
David Worbs ◽  
Johannes Harter ◽  
Natalia Pieper ◽  
Christina Kyzirakos-Feger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Membrane Protein ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Cellular Immune Responses ◽  
Humoral Immune Responses ◽  
Cellular Immune

Gaining detailed insights into the role of host immune responses in viral clearance is critical for understanding COVID-19 pathogenesis and future treatment strategies. While studies analyzing humoral immune responses against SARS-CoV-2 were available rather early during the pandemic, cellular immunity came into focus of investigations just recently. For the present work, we have adapted a protocol, designed for the detection of rare neoantigen-specific Memory T cells in cancer patients for studying cellular immune responses against SARS-CoV-2. Both, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected after 6 days of in vitro expansion using overlapping peptide libraries representing the whole viral protein. The assay readout was an Intracellular cytokine staining and flow cytometric analysis detecting four functional markers simultaneously (CD154, TNF, IL-2, IFN-γ). We were able to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in 9 of 9 COVID-19 patients with mild symptoms. All patients had reactive T cells against at least one of 12 analyzed viral antigens and all patients had Spike-specific T cells. While some antigens were detected by CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, Membrane protein was mainly recognized by CD4+ T cells. Strikingly, we were not able to detect SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells in 9 unexposed healthy individuals. We are presenting a highly specific protocol for the detection of SARS-CoV-2-reactive T cells. Our data confirmed the important role of cellular immune responses in understanding SARS-CoV-2 clearance. We showed that Spike is the most immunogenic antigen. We have introduced Membrane protein as interesting target for studying humoral immune responses in convalescent COVID-19 patients.

Heart-Brain Neurodynamics

2019 ◽  
pp. 191-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rollin McCraty
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Experience ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emotional Life ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Emotional System ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

As pervasive and vital as they are in human experience, emotions have long remained an enigma to science. This chapter explores recent scientific advances that clarify central controversies in the study of emotion, including the relationship between intellect and emotion and the historical debate on the source of emotional experience. Particular attention is given to the intriguing body of research illuminating the critical role of ascending input from the body to the brain in the generation and perception of emotions. This discussion culminates in the presentation of a new, systems-oriented model of emotion in which the brain functions as a complex pattern-matching system, continually processing input from both the external and internal environments. From this perspective, it is shown that the heart is a key component of the emotional system, thus providing a physiological basis for the long-acknowledged link between the heart and our emotional life.

scholarly journals Generated Immune Responses and Antibody-Mediated Immunity Against Corona Virus Disease-19: An Updated Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 163-171
Author(s):  
Faezeh Malekzadeh ◽  
Shaghayegh Kermaninezhad ◽  
Amin Reza Nikpoor ◽  
Mohammad Ali Vahidipour ◽  
Ali Salimi Asl
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Virus Disease ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
The Body ◽  
Igg Antibodies ◽  
Igg Antibody ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Humoral Immune System

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a new pathogen which has become an uncontrollable pandemic. On the other hand, the humoral immune system, as a defensive line, protects the body by producing antibodies. Immunoglobulin M (IgM) and G (IgG) are considered as the most important antibodies that are produced by the immune system of the host. Previous evaluations on the production of IgM and IgG antibodies by patients suffering from severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection specifies that IgM is an acute phase antibody and increases on the first days of infection. Then, as the chronic phase begins, the level of the IgM decreases and switches to the production of IgG. In addition, the durability of the IgG antibody shows the duration of the immunity against COVID-19. Thus, the present review article focused on the antibody production mechanism in studies conducted on COVID-19 patients, the protection role of antibodies, and their stability.

Nutritional Recommendation for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 753-757
Author(s):  
Anagha Gulhane ◽  
Shamli Hiware
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Global Health ◽  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Immune Function ◽  
The Body ◽  
Health Issue ◽  
System Quality ◽  
Life Phase ◽  
Global Health Issue ◽  
Nutritional Recommendation

It is the most unreliable truth that anybody can get infected by the COVID-19, and nobody can escape from the danger of getting tainted by the virus. Yet, the line of hope is that anyone and everyone can boost their resistance, thus avoid the risk of getting affected by the illness. The immunity of humans pulls down as they grow older. If their immune system is robust, them falling sick is feeble. If their resistance is weak, them getting ill is sound. Several factors affect the immune system and its ability, including its nourishment. A two-way connection between nutrition, infection and immunity presents. Changes in one part will affect the others part in our body that's the nature's rule. Well defined immune system quality which is present between each life phase may influence the type, generality and the degree of infections. At the same time, low nutrition to the body will decrease the immune function and expose the body to the danger of getting infected by infectious diseases. Different quantity of micronutrients is required for increasing the immunity power of our body. Generally the vitamins A,C,D,E,B2,B6,B12, iron, zinc and selenium.The deficiencies of micronutrients are acknowledged as a global health issue, and also low nutrition makes it prone to establishes the infections in the body.

Role of Rasayana in Prevention of COVID-19 - A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (SPL1) ◽  
pp. 716-722
Author(s):  
Sneha Dhakite ◽  
Sadhana Misar Wajpeyi
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Respiratory System ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The Body ◽  
Healthy Life ◽  
Vital Functions ◽  
Healthy Life Style ◽  
And Control

The “Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)” is caused by “Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)”, a newly discovered member of the Coronaviridae family of viruses which is a highly communicable. There is no effective medical treatment till date for Coronavirus disease hence prevention is the best way to keep disease away. Rasayana proved to be highly efficacious and cost effective for the Prevention and Control of viral infections when vaccines and standard therapies are lacking. Rasayana Chikitsa is one of the eight branches of Ashtanga Ayurveda which helps to maintain healthy life style. Rasayana improves immunity and performs many vital functions of human body. Vyadhikshamatva that is immune mechanism of the body is involved in Prevention of the occurrence of a new disease and it also decreases the virulence and progression of an existing disease. In COVID-19 the Respiratory system mainly get affected which is evident from its symptoms like cold, cough and breathlessness. Here the drugs help in enhancing immune system and strengthening functions of Respiratory system can be useful. For this purpose, the Rasayana like Chyavanprasha, Agastya Haritaki, Pippali Rasayana, Guduchi, Yashtimadhu, Haridra, Ashwagandha, Tulsi are used. Rasayana working on Respiratory system are best for Prevention of Coronavirus and boosting immune system. Rasayana Chikitsa can be effective in the Prevention as well as reducing symptoms of COVID-19.

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