scholarly journals Arterial Remodelling in Chronic Kidney Disease: Impact of Uraemic Toxins and New Pharmacological Approaches

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3803
Author(s):  
Nabil Foudi ◽  
Maeva Palayer ◽  
Marie Briet ◽  
Anne-Sophie Garnier
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Large Artery ◽  
Vascular Health ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Disease Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a major public health concern that affects around 10 percent of the world’s population. The severity of CKD is mainly due to the high prevalence of cardiovascular (CV) complications in this population. The aim of this review is to describe the arterial remodelling associated with CKD, to provide a quick overview of the mechanisms involved and to review the recent pharmacological approaches aimed at improving vascular health in CKD. CKD patients are exposed to metabolic and haemodynamic disorders that may affect the CV system. Large artery functional and geometric abnormalities have been well documented in CKD patients and are associated with an increase in arterial stiffness and a maladaptive remodelling. Uraemic toxins, such as indoxyl sulphate, p-cresyl sulphate, protein carbamylation and advanced glycation products, exert various effects on vascular smooth muscle cell functions. The low-grade inflammation associated with CKD may also affect arterial wall composition and remodelling. It is worth noting that the CV risk for CKD patients remains high despite the pharmacological control of traditional CV risk factors, suggesting the need for innovative therapeutic strategies. An interventional study targeting the NLRP3 inflammasome has provided some interesting preliminary results that need to be confirmed, especially in terms of safety.

scholarly journals Inflammation-Related Mechanisms in Chronic Kidney Disease Prediction, Progression, and Outcome

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simona Mihai ◽  
Elena Codrici ◽  
Ionela Daniela Popescu ◽  
Ana-Maria Enciu ◽  
Lucian Albulescu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Public Health Burden ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Gut Microbiota Dysbiosis

Persistent, low-grade inflammation is now considered a hallmark feature of chronic kidney disease (CKD), being involved in the development of all-cause mortality of these patients. Although substantial improvements have been made in clinical care, CKD remains a major public health burden, affecting 10–15% of the population, and its prevalence is constantly growing. Due to its insidious nature, CKD is rarely diagnosed in early stages, and once developed, its progression is unfortunately irreversible. There are many factors that contribute to the setting of the inflammatory status in CKD, including increased production of proinflammatory cytokines, oxidative stress and acidosis, chronic and recurrent infections, altered metabolism of adipose tissue, and last but not least, gut microbiota dysbiosis, an underestimated source of microinflammation. In this scenario, a huge step forward was made by the increasing progression of omics approaches, specially designed for identification of biomarkers useful for early diagnostic and follow-up. Recent omics advances could provide novel insights in deciphering the disease pathophysiology; thus, identification of circulating biomarker panels using state-of-the-art proteomic technologies could improve CKD early diagnosis, monitoring, and prognostics. This review aims to summarize the recent knowledge regarding the relationship between inflammation and CKD, highlighting the current proteomic approaches, as well as the inflammasomes and gut microbiota dysbiosis involvement in the setting of CKD, culminating with the troubling bidirectional connection between CKD and renal malignancy, raised on the background of an inflammatory condition.

scholarly journals Inflammation in chronic kidney disease: sources, consequences and anti-inflammatory therapy.

2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (4) ◽  
pp. 314-320
Author(s):  
K. A. Aitbaev ◽  
Ilkhom T. Murkamilov ◽  
V. V. Fomin ◽  
J. A. Murkamilova ◽  
Z. R. Rayimzhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Microbiological Quality ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation ◽  
Additional Role

The role of various factors contributing to the development of systemic persistent low-grade inflammation in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is considered. It is reported that inflammation in patients with CKD is directly correlated with the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and culminates in the terminal stage of renal failure, where extracorporeal factors such as dialysate contaminants, dialysate microbiological quality and the biocompatibility of factors in the dialysis chain play an additional role. The effectiveness of therapeutic interventions aimed at correcting inflammation in patients with CKD is discussed. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the effects of these interventions on hard outcomes, as well as to better understand the role of inflammation in selected CKD populations, particularly in children.

scholarly journals The Impact of Insulin Resistance and Chronic Kidney Disease on Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955141879225 ◽  
Author(s):  
Constantine E Kosmas ◽  
Delia Silverio ◽  
Christiana Tsomidou ◽  
Maria D Salcedo ◽  
Peter D Montan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Risk Factor ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

There is extensive evidence showing that insulin resistance (IR) is associated with chronic low-grade inflammation. Furthermore, IR has been shown to increase the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD), even in nondiabetic patients, and is currently considered as a “nontraditional” risk factor contributing to CVD by promoting hypertension, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, dyslipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is also considered a state of low-grade inflammation. In addition, CKD is considered an IR state and has been described as an independent risk factor for the development of CVD, as even early-stage CKD is associated with an estimated 40% to 100% increase in CVD risk. There is also strong evidence indicating that inflammation per se plays a crucial role in both the initiation and progression of CVD. Given the above, the combined effect of IR and CKD may significantly increase the risk of inflammation and CVD. This review aims to focus on the complex interplay between IR, CKD, inflammation, and CVD and will present and discuss the current clinical and scientific data pertaining to the impact of IR and CKD on inflammation and CVD.

Long-term effects of moderate protein diet on renal function and low-grade inflammation in older adults with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease

Nutrition ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 30 (9) ◽  
pp. 1045-1049 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauro Giordano ◽  
Tiziana Ciarambino ◽  
Pietro Castellino ◽  
Alessandro Cataliotti ◽  
Lorenzo Malatino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

scholarly journals The influence of water–rock interactions on household well water in an area of high prevalence chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu)

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Liza K. McDonough ◽  
Karina T. Meredith ◽  
Chandima Nikagolla ◽  
Richard B. Banati
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Water Chemistry ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Stable Carbon Isotopes ◽  
Environmental Isotopes ◽  
Well Water ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Geochemical Mass Balance

AbstractPoor drinking water quality in household wells is hypothesised as being a potential contributor to the high prevalence of chronic kidney disease of uncertain aetiology (CKDu) among the farming communities of the Medawachchiya area, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka. One of the natural processes that can affect water quality is the dissolution of minerals contained within an aquifer by water–rock interactions (WRIs). Here we present a comprehensive assessment of WRIs and their influence on the water chemistry in household wells and spring waters in the Medawachchiya area by combining measurements of environmental isotopes, such as strontium, lithium and stable carbon isotopes and inorganic chemistry parameters, and modelling geochemical mass balance reactions between rainfall and groundwater samples. Our results reveal the presence of strontium, dissolved from both silicate and carbonate minerals, with high isotopic (87Sr/86Sr) ratios of up to 0.7316. Geochemical mass balance modelling and prior 87Sr/86Sr studies on the Wanni Complex bedrock suggest these strontium values may be the result of biotite dissolution. We also identify lithium and uranium contributed from the dissolution of silicates, albeit at concentrations too low to constitute a known health risk. In contrast, the levels of magnesium and calcium in our samples are high and demonstrate that, despite the felsic bedrock, well water chemistry in the Medawachchiya area is dominated by carbonate dissolution.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Pharmacogenetic Studies in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4480
Author(s):  
Maria Tziastoudi ◽  
Georgios Pissas ◽  
Georgios Raptis ◽  
Christos Cholevas ◽  
Theodoros Eleftheriadis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Global Public Health ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Additive Inheritance

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important global public health problem due to its high prevalence and morbidity. Although the treatment of nephrology patients has changed considerably, ineffectiveness and side effects of medications represent a major issue. In an effort to elucidate the contribution of genetic variants located in several genes in the response to treatment of patients with CKD, we performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of all available pharmacogenetics studies. The association between genotype distribution and response to medication was examined using the dominant, recessive, and additive inheritance models. Subgroup analysis based on ethnicity was also performed. In total, 29 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which examined the association of 11 genes (16 polymorphisms) with the response to treatment regarding CKD. Among the 29 studies, 18 studies included patients with renal transplantation, 8 involved patients with nephrotic syndrome, and 3 studies included patients with lupus nephritis. The present meta-analysis provides strong evidence for the contribution of variants harbored in the ABCB1, IL-10, ITPA, MIF, and TNF genes that creates some genetic predisposition that reduces effectiveness or is associated with adverse events of medications used in CKD.

scholarly journals Maternal Obesity, Inflammation, and Developmental Programming

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie A. Segovia ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Clint Gray ◽  
Clare M. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Obesity ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Critical Periods ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Child Bearing ◽  
Prevalence Of Obesity ◽  
Low Grade Inflammation

The prevalence of obesity, especially in women of child-bearing age, is a global health concern. In addition to increasing the immediate risk of gestational complications, there is accumulating evidence that maternal obesity also has long-term consequences for the offspring. The concept of developmental programming describes the process in which an environmental stimulus, including altered nutrition, during critical periods of development can program alterations in organogenesis, tissue development, and metabolism, predisposing offspring to obesity and metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in later life. Although the mechanisms underpinning programming of metabolic disorders remain poorly defined, it has become increasingly clear that low-grade inflammation is associated with obesity and its comorbidities. This review will discuss maternal metainflammation as a mediator of programming in insulin sensitive tissues in offspring. Use of nutritional anti-inflammatories in pregnancy including omega 3 fatty acids, resveratrol, curcumin, and taurine may provide beneficial intervention strategies to ameliorate maternal obesity-induced programming.

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