scholarly journals Evaluation of Biomarkers of Severity in Patients with COVID-19 Infection

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 3775
Author(s):  
Akitaka Yamamoto ◽  
Hideo Wada ◽  
Yuhuko Ichikawa ◽  
Hikaru Mizuno ◽  
Masaki Tomida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Severe Stage ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Laboratory Biomarkers ◽  
Underlying Diseases

Object: Although many Japanese patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) only experience mild symptoms, in some cases a patient’s condition deteriorates, resulting in a poor outcome. This study examines the behavior of biomarkers in patients with mild to severe COVID-19. Methods: The disease severity of 152 COVID-19 patients was classified into mild, moderate I, moderate II, and severe, and the behavior of laboratory biomarkers was examined across these four disease stages. Results: The median age and male/female ratio increased with severity. The mortality rate was 12.5% in both moderate II and severe stages. Underlying diseases, which were not observed in 45% of mild stage patients, increased with severity. An ROC analysis showed that C-reactive protein (CRP), ferritin, procalcitonin (PCT), hemoglobin (Hb) A1c, albumin, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels were significantly useful for the differential diagnosis of mild/moderate I stage and moderate II/severe stage. In the severe stage, Hb levels, coagulation time, total protein, and albumin were significantly different on the day of worsening from those observed on the day of admission. The frequency of hemostatic biomarker abnormalities was high in the severe disease stage. Conclusion: The evaluation of severity is valuable, as the mortality rate was high in the moderate II and severe stages. The levels of CRP, ferritin, PCT, albumin, and LDH were useful markers of severity, and hemostatic abnormalities were frequently observed in patients in the severe disease stage.

scholarly journals Kawasaki syndrome: the Iranian experience

2001 ◽  
Vol 7 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 16-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Sadeghi ◽  
R. Amin ◽  
G. H. Ajamee
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Evidence ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Kawasaki Syndrome ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Infection And Inflammation ◽  
Islamic Republic Of Iran ◽  
Artery Disease

Experience with 50 cases of Kawasaki syndrome in the Islamic Republic of Iran is presented. The syndrome occurred mostly in winter and spring with a 2.1: 1 male: female ratio. In 72% of cases, the disease occurred between 1 and 5 years of age, and 80% had an antecedent viral or bacterial illness. Eight patients [16%] had microbiological evidence of infection and 19 [38%] had clinical evidence. Five patients had clinical and radiological evidence of sinusitis. Leukocytosis, neutrophilia, bandaemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, positive C-reactive protein, reversed albumin/globulin ratio and increased antistreptolysin O titre were other indications of infection and inflammation. Male gender, prolonged fever, white blood cell count > 15, 000/mm3 and absolute granulocyte count > 10, 000/mm3 were significant risk factors for the development of coronary artery disease [10 patients].

Demographic and Clinical Profile of Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis in Teaching Hospital, Kurnool

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 976-980
Author(s):  
Radhika R ◽  
◽  
Pushpa Latha M ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Clinical Profile ◽  
Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
History Of ◽  
Key Words Allergy

Introduction: To describe socio - demographic and clinical profile of patients with vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC) and to assess the compliance of patients to the treatment of vernal keratoconjunctivitis. Materials and methods: Prospective study of 100 patients with VKC was done. Purposive sampling of 100 Patients with signs and symptoms of VKC were taken, who satisfy inclusion and exclusion criteria. Treatment was given depending on grade of disease. Results: Out of 100 patients 66 were Males and 33 were Females. Mean age at presentation was 9.4 years and 2 patients presented at the age of 28 and 30 year and 60% patients from rural area, 40% from urban. Family history of allergies was noted in 7% patient. History of chronic perennial disease was seen in 57% patients. Mixed form of VKC was seen in 66%, limbal form in 18% and palpebral form in 16%. 47% had mild and 10% had severe disease. Conclusion: VKC is a bilateral disease affects most commonly young males between ages of 6 to 10 years. Male: female ratio of 2:1. Association of family history of allergic disorders are less. For persistent severe disease needs frequent follow-up. KEY WORDS: Allergy, Compliance, Papillae, and Vernal Keratoconjunctivitis.

scholarly journals Serotype-specific outbreak of group B meningococcal disease in Iquique, Chile

1990 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Cruz ◽  
G. Pavez ◽  
E. Aguilar ◽  
L. Grawe ◽  
J. Cam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seasonal Variation ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
South America ◽  
Meningococcal Disease ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Older Children ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Group 5 ◽  
Group B

SUMMARYFrom 1979 to August 1987, there have been 178 cases of meningococcal disease in Iquique, Chile, a city of about 140000. The attack rate for the last 5 years has been in excess of 20/100000 per year, more than 20 times greater than for the country overall. The mortality rate was 6%. The disease occurred in patients with ages from 4 months to 60 years, but 89% of cases were in patients <21 years. The largest number of cases were in the age group 5–9 years (n= 54), but the highest incidence occurred in children less than 1 year of age (72·8/100000 per year). The male/female ratio was 1·2. Cases occurred all year round with little seasonal variation. Of the 178 cases, 173 were biologically confirmed. Serogroup analysis of strains from 135 patients revealed A = 1, B = 124, C = 10. Forty-four group B strains from 1985–7 were serotyped: 15:P1.3 = 36, 15:NT = 4, 4:P1.3 = 2, NT:NT = 2. Ten of 11 of the outbreak strains tested were sulfadiazine-resistant. This is the first recognized outbreak caused by a Gp B:15 strain in South America. It shares many of the characteristics of outbreaks caused by closely related strains in Europe, such as a predilection for older children and adolescents, sulfadiazine-resistance, and sustained high attack rates. The Iquique strain (B:15:P1.3) belongs to the same genetic clone (ET-5 complex) as the Norway (B:15:P1.16) and the Cuban (B:4:P1.15) strains.

scholarly journals The role of C-reactive protein in predicting the severity of COVID-19 disease: A systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 205031212110507
Author(s):  
Getachew Yideg Yitbarek ◽  
Gashaw Walle Ayehu ◽  
Sintayehu Asnakew ◽  
Fanos Yeshanew Ayele ◽  
Moyeta Bariso Gare ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Microsoft Excel ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Original Report ◽  
Google Search

Since December 2019, coronavirus diseases-2019 (COVID-19) dispersed into 200 countries and affected more than 70 million people. The clear picture of the SARS-CoV-2 infection is still under investigation. In this review, we evaluated whether C-reactive protein biomarker is able to predict the clinical outcomes or correlated with the severity of COVID-19 disease. The databases MEDLINE, Hinari, Google Scholar, and Google search were used to find potential studies published from COVID-19 epidemic until May 2021. A format prepared in Microsoft Excel spreadsheet was used to extract the appropriate details from each original report. For further review, the extracted data were exported to STATA/MP version 16.0 software. Keywords including “COVID-19,” “SARS-CoV-2,” and “C-reactive protein,” among others were used to search relevant articles. Only studies which reported the average C-reactive protein value and COVID-19 disease stage outcomes were included. Twenty articles were included in the review. All studies found considerably higher level of C-reactive protein in patients with severe COVID-19 as compared to mildly infected patients. This review evidenced that it is still there for a given biomarker to early identify the state of progression in asymptomatic and/or mildly infected individuals into severe disease; the level of C-reactive protein may be used in predicting the likelihood of disease progression. Findings from this review showed level of C-reactive protein is a good biomarker to predict the severity of COVID-19 disease. Although COVID-19 researches are at the early stages, investigation of C-reactive protein levels throughout the disease course may have paramount importance for clinicians in early detection of severe manifestations and subsequently improve the prognosis. However, further large-scale studies are required to confirm these findings.

scholarly journals Risks and seasonal pattern for mortality among hospitalized infants in a conflict-affected area of Pakistan, 2013-2016. A retrospective chart review.

F1000Research ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Babette van Deursen ◽  
Annick Lenglet ◽  
Cono Ariti ◽  
Barkat Hussain ◽  
Jaap Karsten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Seasonal Pattern ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Primary Diagnosis ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Annual Peak ◽  
Risk Of Mortality ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Ischemic Encephalopathy

Background: In recent years, Médecins Sans Frontières has observed high mortality rates among hospitalized infants in Pakistan. We describe the clinical characteristics of the infants admitted between 2013 and 2016 in order to acquire a better understanding on the risk factors for mortality.  Methods: We analyzed routinely collected medical data from infants (<7 months) admitted in Chaman and Dera Murad Jamali (DMJ) hospitals. The association between clinical characteristics and mortality was estimated using Poisson regression. Results: Between 2013 and 2016, 5,214 children were admitted (male/female ratio: 1.60) and 1,178 (23%) died. Days since admission was associated with a higher risk of mortality and decreased with each extra day of admission after seven days. The first 48 hours of admission was strongly associated with a higher risk of mortality. A primary diagnosis of tetanus, necrotizing enterocolitis, prematurity, sepsis and hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy were strongly associated with higher rates of mortality. We observed an annual peak in the mortality rate in September. Conclusions: The first days of admission are critical for infant survival. Furthermore, the found male/female ratio was exceedingly higher than the national ratio of Pakistan. The observed seasonality in mortality rate by week has not been previously reported. It is fully recommended to do further in-depth research on male/female ratio differences and the reasons behind the annual peaks in mortality rate by week.

scholarly journals Analysis of the clinical characteristics of 77 COVID-19 deaths

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaige Wang ◽  
Zhixin Qiu ◽  
Jiasheng Liu ◽  
Tao Fan ◽  
Chunrong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Inflammatory Index ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Laboratory Results ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Cellular Immune

Abstract The COVID-19 outbreak is becoming a public health emergency. Data are limited on the clinical characteristics and causes of death. A retrospective analysis of COVID-19 deaths were performed for patients’ clinical characteristics, laboratory results, and causes of death. In total, 56 patients (72.7%) of the decedents (male–female ratio 51:26, mean age 71 ± 13, mean survival time 17.4 ± 8.4 days) had comorbidities. Acute respiratory failure (ARF) and sepsis were the main causes of death. Increases in C-reactive protein (CRP), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), D-dimer and lactic acid and decreases in lymphocytes were common laboratory results. Intergroup analysis showed that (1) most female decedents had cough and diabetes. (2) The proportion of young- and middle-aged deaths was higher than elderly deaths for males, while elderly decedents were more prone to myocardial injury and elevated CRP. (3) CRP and LDH increased and cluster of differentiation (CD) 4+ and CD8+ cells decreased significantly in patients with hypertension. The majority of COVID-19 decedents are male, especially elderly people with comorbidities. The main causes of death are ARF and sepsis. Most female decedents have cough and diabetes. Myocardial injury is common in elderly decedents. Patients with hypertension are prone to an increased inflammatory index, tissue hypoxia and cellular immune injury.

scholarly journals Risk factors for disease progression in Japanese patients with COVID-19 with no or mild symptoms on admission

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshifumi Ninomiya ◽  
Kohei Otsubo ◽  
Teppei Hoshino ◽  
Mototsugu Shimokawa ◽  
Megumi Nakazawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Disease Progression ◽  
Old Age ◽  
Serum Ferritin ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Laboratory Data ◽  
Japanese Patients ◽  
High Serum ◽  
Disease Stage ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background Although the risk factors for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mortality have been identified, there is limited information about the risk factors for disease progression after hospitalization among Japanese patients with COVID-19 exhibiting no or mild symptoms. Methods All 302 consecutive patients who were admitted to our institutions and diagnosed with COVID-19 between March and December 2020 were retrospectively assessed. Ultimately, 210 adult patients exhibiting no or mild symptoms on admission were included in the analysis. They were categorized into the stable (no oxygen needed) and worsened (oxygen needed) groups, and their characteristics and laboratory data were compared. Results Among 210 patients, 49 progressed to a severe disease stage, whereas 161 did not. The mean patient age was 52.14 years, and 126 (60.0%) patients were male. The mean body mass index (BMI) was 23.0 kg/m2, and 71 patients were overweight (BMI ≥ 25 kg/m2). Multivariate logistic analysis showed that old age, overweight, diabetes mellitus (DM), and high serum ferritin levels were independent risk factors for disease progression. Conclusions Clinicians should closely observe patients with COVID-19, especially those with risk factors such as old age, overweight, DM, and high serum ferritin levels, regardless of whether they have no or mild symptoms.

scholarly journals Post-neonatal tetanus in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital, North-eastern Nigeria

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-157
Author(s):  
MA Alhaji ◽  
RT Akuhwa ◽  
MG Mustapha ◽  
GM Ashir ◽  
Y Mava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
Portal Of Entry ◽  
Primary And Secondary School

Background: Tetanus is a public health problem in Nigeria. This study examines the demographic and clinical profile of postneonatal tetanus (PNT) seen in University of Maiduguri Teaching Hospital (UMTH), North- eastern Nigeria.Methods: This is a hospital-based prospective study of PNT. All childrenbeyond the neonatal period to 14 years of age admitted into the Paediatrics unit of UMTH, Maiduguri from June 2009 to July2011 with the diagnosis of PNT were studied.Results: A total of 39 cases of PNT were admitted over the period underreview. The male: female ratio was 2.3:1.0. Their ages at presentationranged between 16 months and 14 years, with mean +SD of 6.9+3.87 years. Over 90 percent of the children were either not immunizedagainst tetanus or their immunization status was unknown and onlytwo of the children were fully immunized. No booster immunizationwas received by any of the eligible children. The portal of entry of the infection was injury to the lower limbs and otogenic route in 53.9% and 33.3% respectively. Majority of patients were of low socioeconomicstatus. The duration of hospital stay ranged between 1-50 days with mean + SD (18.68+ 11.51).The mortality rate was (7)18 %.Conclusion: Tetanus still remains a major cause of childhood morbidityand mortality in Nigeria. Severe disease and the first one week of admission are the main variables identified to influence outcome.Therefore, there is need to strengthen routine immunization and booster doses of tetanus toxoid (TT) should be mandatory at primary and secondary school entry. Close monitoring of patients with severe tetanus during the critical period is imperative for successful management.

Inborn Error of Metabolism (IEM) in Bhavnagar, Gujarat: a prospective study from 0-2 years by Tandem Mass Spectroscopy

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kamlesh L Bhojwani ◽  
Jayendra Ratilal Gohil
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Mortality Rate ◽  
Inborn Error ◽  
Inborn Errors Of Metabolism ◽  
Tandem Mass ◽  
Inborn Errors ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
A Prospective Study ◽  
Very High

Objective:- To study clinico- investigative profile and outcome in patients with inborn errors of metabolism and to study incidence, prevalence, morbidity, and mortality in inborn errors of metabolism in Bhavnagar city.Methodology:- This is a prospective study in which patients admitted in NICU and PICU between April 2011 to March 2012, of age 0-2 years, with unexplained clinical features like neurological deterioration following trivial infections, persistent acidotic breathing, refractory convulsions, unexplained coma/ focal deficits, unexplained hepatic presentations were subjected to simple biochemical screening tests for inborn errors of metabolism like random blood sugar, electrolytes, lactate, arterial blood gases, ammonia, and urine ketones, after excluding septicemia, meningitis and underlying systemic disorders. Children with positive results on screening were subjected to tandem mass spectrometry (TMS) when indicated. Samples were collected on filter papers, air-dried, and then sent to laboratories for analysis. Management (dietary and symptomatic) according to standard protocols was initiated.Observation and Results:- Out of 157 recruited patients from NICU and PICU, 62 were positive for IEM. The most common clinical presentation was Lethargy/coma (54.83%), followed by poor sucking (45.16%), hypotonia (43.54%). Other common features were failure to thrive (37.09%), Respiratory distress (35.48%), Seizures (37.09%), Hepatosplenomegaly, Icterus (32.25%), and metabolic acidosis (29.03%). Consanguinity was seen in 33.87% of cases. Incidence of CAH was highest 1:1334 while the next common was Aminoacidopathies with an incidence of 1:2477, cystic fibrosis 1:4335 &amp; Lysosomal storage disorder 1:4335. The overall incidence of various IEM in Bhavnagar was very high at 1:560. It was more in males with Male: Female ratio of 1.17:1. Females were more affected in cystic fibrosis with a male: female ratio of 1:2.5. The mortality rate was very high in patients of IEM at 56.45%, and out of those who survived, patients with complete neurological recovery were very less. The mortality rate was highest in cystic fibrosis (85.71%), followed by Non-Ketotic Hyperglycinemia (70%), Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (52.38%). Based on religion, Incidence was more in Hindus as compared to Muslims. Consanguinity of marriage was seen in 89% of Muslim patients as compared to 24.5% of Hindu patients; overall consanguinity was associated with 33.8% of cases.Conclusion:-Inborn error of metabolism, considered to be a rare disease, was quite common in the present study. After eliminating consanguinity, the incidence of IEM was still high which indicates that some other factors like Environmental and/ or Industrial pollution may have a role in IEM. So it is recommended to carry out a study to find out the type of pollutant material in the atmosphere, especially with the diamond polishing industry being common and Ship-breaking industry nearby at Alang, in Bhavnagar.

Suicide in Nógrád County, Hungary, 1970-1994

Crisis ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 64-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamás Zonda
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Suicide Rate ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Suicide Notes ◽  
Suicidal Intention ◽  
Male Female Ratio

The author examined completed suicides occurring over a period of 25 years in a county of Hungary with a traditionally low (relatively speaking) suicide rate of 25.8. The rates are clearly higher in villages than in the towns. The male/female ratio was close to 4:1, among elderly though only 1.5:1. The high risk groups are the elderly, divorced, and widowed. Violent methods are chosen in 66.4% of the cases. The rates are particularly high in the period April-July. Prior communication of suicidal intention was revealed in 16.3% of all cases. Previous attempts had been undertaken by 17%, which in turn means that 83% of suicides were first attempts. In our material 10% the victims left suicide notes. Psychiatric disorders were present in 60.1% of the cases, and severe, multiple somatic illnesses (including malignomas) were present in 8.8%. The majority of the data resemble those found in the literature.

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