scholarly journals Severe Lymphopenia as a Predictor of COVID-19 Mortality in Immunosuppressed Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3595
Author(s):  
María Martínez-Urbistondo ◽  
Ángela Gutiérrez-Rojas ◽  
Ane Andrés ◽  
Isabel Gutiérrez ◽  
Gabriela Escudero ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Immunocompromised Patients ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Immunosuppressed Patients ◽  
The Impact

Background. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has a high mortality in certain group of patients. We analysed the impact of baseline immunosuppression in COVID-19 mortality and the role of severe lymphopenia in immunocompromised subjects. Methods. We analysed all patients admitted with COVID-19 in a tertiary hospital in Madrid between March 1st and April 30th 2020. Epidemiological and clinical data, including severe lymphopenia (<500 lymphocytes/mm3) during admission, were analysed and compared based on their baseline immunosuppression condition. Results. A total of 1594 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia were hospitalised during the study period. 166 (10.4%) were immunosuppressed. Immunocompromised patients were younger (64 vs. 67 years, p = 0.02) but presented higher rates of hypertension, diabetes, heart, neurological, lung, kidney and liver disease (p < 0.05). They showed more severe lymphopenia (53% vs 24.1%, p < 0.001), lower SapO2/FiO2 ratios (251 vs 276, p = 0.02) during admission and higher mortality rates (27.1% vs 13.5%, p < 0.001). After adjustment, immunosuppression remained as an independent factor related to mortality (Odds Ratio (OR): 2.24, p < 0.001). In the immunosuppressed group, age (OR = 1.06, p = 0.01), acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) (OR = 12.27, p = 0.017) and severe lymphopenia (OR = 3.48, p = 0.04) were the factors related to high mortality rate. Conclusion. Immunosuppression is an independent mortality risk factor in COVID-19. Severe lymphopenia should be promptly identified in these patients.

Marrying Up: The Role of Sex Ratio in Assortative Matching

2011 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 124-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Abramitzky ◽  
Adeline Delavande ◽  
Luis Vasconcelos
Keyword(s):  
Marriage Market ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Assortative Matching ◽  
Difference In Differences ◽  
Market Outcomes ◽  
Age Gap ◽  
Divorce Rates ◽  
The Impact

We assemble a novel dataset to study the impact of male scarcity on marital assortative matching and other marriage market outcomes using the large shock that WWI caused to the number of French men. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find that postwar in regions with higher mortality rates: men were less likely to marry women of lower social classes; men were more likely and women less likely to marry; out-of-wedlock births increased; divorce rates decreased; and the age gap decreased. These findings are consistent with men improving their position in the marriage market as they become scarcer. (JEL J12, J16, N34)

scholarly journals The impact of PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 in cirrhosis related complications

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haruki Uojima ◽  
Xue Shao ◽  
Taeang Arai ◽  
Yuji ogawa ◽  
Toru Setsu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Cirrhosis ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Hepatic Encephalopathy ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Fibrosis Progression ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients ◽  
The Impact

Patatin-like phospholipase domain-containing 3 (PNPLA3) and transmembrane 6-superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) polymorphisms have major impact for fibrosis due to steatohepatitis. However, there are scant data about correlations between cirrhosis-related complications and the polymorphisms of these genes. Therefore, we aimed to determine the role of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms in fibrosis progression for patients with liver cirrhosis. A multicenter study was performed at six hospitals in Japan enrolling 400 patients with liver cirrhosis caused by virus (n = 157), alcohol (n = 104), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) (n = 106), or autoimmune disease (n = 33). These cirrhotic patients included those with complications of variceal bleeding, hepatic ascites, and/or hepatic encephalopathy and those without. To assess the role of the PNPLA3 and TM6SF2 polymorphisms in patients with cirrhosis related complications, we calculated the odds ratio and relative risk for the rs738409 and rs58542926 polymorphisms. We also accessed whether or not the interaction between these two polymorphisms contributed to cirrhosis related complications. As a result, the odds ratio for complications in the NAFLD group significantly increased in the presence of the rs738409 GG genotype when the CC genotype was used as the reference. There were no significant risks between complications and the presence of the rs738409 G allele in the virus or alcohol groups. There were no significant risks of complications in the frequency of the rs58542926 T polymorphism regardless of the etiology of liver cirrhosis. The interaction between the trs738409 and rs58542926 polymorphisms had the highest odds ratio of 2.415 for complications in the rs738409 GG + rs58542926 (CT+TT) group when rs738409 (CC+CG) + TM6SF2 CC was used as the reference in the NAFLD group.

scholarly journals The Association between Mechanical Power and Mortality in Patients with Pneumonia Using Pressure-Targeted Ventilation

Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1862
Author(s):  
Huang-Pin Wu ◽  
Chien-Ming Chu ◽  
Li-Pang Chuang ◽  
Shih-Wei Lin ◽  
Shaw-Woei Leu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Driving Pressure ◽  
Mechanical Power ◽  
Health Evaluation ◽  
Independent Factor ◽  
Ventilator Support ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ventilated Patients

Recent studies have reported that mechanical power (MP) is associated with increased mortality in patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We aimed to investigate the association between 28-day mortality and MP in patients with severe pneumonia. In total, the data of 313 patients with severe pneumonia were used for analysis. Serial MP was calculated daily for either 21 days or until ventilator support was no longer required. Compared with the non-ARDS group, the ARDS group (106 patients) demonstrated lower age, a higher Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score, lower history of diabetes mellitus, elevated incidences of shock and jaundice, higher MP and driving pressure on Day 1, and more deaths within 28 days. Regression analysis revealed that MP was an independent factor associated with 28-day mortality (odds ratio, 1.048; 95% confidence interval, 1.020–1.077). MP was persistently high in non-survivors and low in survivors among the ARDS group, the non-ARDS group, and all patients. These findings indicate that MP is associated with the 28-day mortality in ventilated patients with severe pneumonia, both in the ARDS and non-ARDS groups. MP had a better predicted value for the 28-day mortality than the driving pressure.

scholarly journals Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs in Conferring Resistance in Tumors of the Nervous System

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Soudeh Ghafouri-Fard ◽  
Amin Agabalazadeh ◽  
Atefe Abak ◽  
Hamed Shoorei ◽  
Mohammad Mehdi Hassanzadeh Taheri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Morbidity Rate ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Non Coding Rnas ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Emergence Of Resistance

Tumors of the nervous system can be originated from several locations. They mostly have high mortality and morbidity rate. The emergence of resistance to chemotherapeutic agents is a hurdle in the treatment of patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) have been shown to influence the response of glioblastoma/glioma and neuroblastoma to chemotherapeutic agents. MALAT1, NEAT1, and H19 are among lncRNAs that affect the response of glioma/glioblastoma to chemotherapy. As well as that, NORAD, SNHG7, and SNHG16 have been shown to be involved in conferring this phenotype in neuroblastoma. Prior identification of expression amounts of certain lncRNAs would help in the better design of therapeutic regimens. In the current manuscript, we summarize the impact of lncRNAs on chemoresistance in glioma/glioblastoma and neuroblastoma.

“On Deposit”: animal acquisition at the Zoological Society of London, 1870–1910 (Patron's review)

2021 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Eleanor Larsson
Keyword(s):  
High Mortality ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
The Public ◽  
Zoological Society ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Regent's Park ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Animal Trade ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

When the zoological gardens in Regent's Park opened to the public in 1847, they immediately became very popular, providing a source of both entertainment and instruction for visitors and a vital stream of revenue for the Zoological Society of London. However, the ongoing popularity of the gardens was endangered by the consistently high mortality rates which afflicted the Society's animals throughout the course of the nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. This paper examines how the Society's efforts to combat this challenge led them to foster and sustain relationships which centred on the act of animal “deposit”. Often a temporary arrangement, somewhat like a loan, depositing involved a range of individuals involved in the animal trade, including commercial animal dealers and the naturalist Lionel Walter Rothschild. Through the system of depositing, the Zoological Society became the custodians of a wide range of animals which they could exhibit. However, their lack of ownership of these animals, combined with a lack of knowledge about how to care for them, ultimately constrained the Society's management of them and impeded its longer-term goals of reducing both animal mortality and the impact of high mortality rates on the menagerie's ability to attract visitors and sustain its economy.

scholarly journals Hypertension in Primary Open Angle Glaucoma

2014 ◽  
Vol 52 (194) ◽  
pp. 771-774
Author(s):  
Suprada Pokharel ◽  
Dakki Sherpa ◽  
Om Krishna Malla
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Perfusion Pressure ◽  
Open Angle Glaucoma ◽  
High Systolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
The Impact

Introduction: The impact of vascular factors in POAG is well known and controversial. Some reports have shown high blood pressure in POAG, some low systolic blood pressure and some described no difference in blood pressure between POAG and controls. However decreased ocular perfusion pressure was found in most of the studies. Our study aims to assess the role of hypertension in POAG . Methods: It was cross-sectional case–control hospital based study carried out from 1st June 2012 to 1st June 2013. There were 40 cases and 100 controls included in the study. The role of hypertension were compared with those hypertensive patients with glaucoma (cases) and hypertensive patients without glaucoma (controls). Results: Age above 50 years (odds ratio: 4.827 with 95% CI 1.862-12.517), male genders (odds ratio: 3.10 with 95% CI 1.356-7.146) and low diastolic perfusion pressure (odds ratio: 3.857 with 95% CI 1.362-11.224) showed strongly positive association with POAG. High systolic blood pressure (odds ratio: 1.476 95% CI 0.627-3.476), high diastolic blood pressure (odds ratio: 1.348 95% CI 0.587-3.096) and low systolic perfusion pressure (odds ratio: 1.8661 with 95% CI 0.649- 5.335) were weakly associated with glaucoma in our study. Conclusions: Age above 50 years, male gender and low diastolic perfusion pressure were strong risk factor for the development of POAG. Keywords: diastolic blood pressure; diastolic perfusion pressure; POAG; systolic blood pressure; systolic perfusion pressure.

scholarly journals The Role of Connexin 43 in Lung Disease

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 363
Author(s):  
Julie A. Swartzendruber ◽  
Bruce J. Nicholson ◽  
Ashlesh K. Murthy
Keyword(s):  
Lung Disease ◽  
Lung Diseases ◽  
Connexin 43 ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Junction Proteins

The term lung disease describes a broad category of disorders that impair lung function. More than 35 million Americans have a preventable chronic lung disease with high mortality rates due to limited treatment efficacy. The recent increase in patients with lung disease highlights the need to increase our understanding of mechanisms driving lung inflammation. Connexins, gap junction proteins, and more specifically connexin 43 (Cx43), are abundantly expressed in the lung and are known to play a role in lung diseases. This review focuses on the role of Cx43 in pathology associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma. Additionally, we discuss the role of Cx43 in preventing disease through the transfer of mitochondria between cells. We aim to highlight the need to better understand what cell types are expressing Cx43 and how this expression influences lung disease.

scholarly journals Additive Effect of Periodontal Disease and Obesity on COVID-19 Outcomes

2021 ◽  
pp. 002203452110296
Author(s):  
H. Larvin ◽  
S. Wilmott ◽  
J. Kang ◽  
V.R. Aggarwal ◽  
S. Pavitt ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Hospital Admission ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Admission Rate ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Hazard Ratio ◽  
Hospital Admission Rate ◽  
The Impact

This study aims to examine the impact of periodontal disease in obesity on COVID-19 infection and associated outcomes. This retrospective longitudinal study included 58,897 UK Biobank participants tested for COVID-19 between March 2020 and February 2021. Self-reported oral health indicators (bleeding gums, painful gums, and loose teeth) were used as surrogates for periodontal disease. Body fat levels were quantified by body mass index (BMI) and categorized as normal weight (18.5 to 24.9 kg/m2), overweight (25 to 29.9 kg/m2), and obese (≥30 kg/m2). Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazard models were used to quantify risk of COVID-19 infection, hospital admission, and mortality, adjusted for participants’ demographics and covariates. Of 58,897 participants, 14,466 (24.6%) tested positive for COVID-19 infection. COVID-19 infection was higher for participants who were overweight (odds ratio, 1.18; 95% CI, 1.12 to 1.24) and obese (odds ratio, 1.33; 95% CI, 1.26 to 1.41) as compared with those of normal weight, but infection was not affected by periodontal disease. The hospital admission rate was 57% higher (hazard ratio, 1.57; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.97) in the obese group with periodontal disease than without periodontal disease, and admission rates increased with BMI category (normal weight, 4.4%; overweight, 6.8%; obese, 10.1%). Mortality rates also increased with BMI category (normal weight, 1.9%; overweight, 3.17%; obese, 4.5%). In addition, for participants with obesity, the mortality rate was much higher (hazard ratio, 3.11; 95% CI, 1.91 to 5.06) in participants with periodontal disease than those without. Obesity is associated with higher hospitalization and mortality rates, and periodontal disease may exacerbate this impact. The results could inform health providers, policy makers, and the general public of the importance to maintain good oral health through seamless provision of dental services and public oral health prevention initiatives.

scholarly journals The Impact of Bacterial Biofilms on End-Organ Disease and Mortality in Patients with Hematologic Malignancies Developing a Bloodstream Infection

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Enea Gino Di Domenico ◽  
Francesco Marchesi ◽  
Ilaria Cavallo ◽  
Luigi Toma ◽  
Francesca Sivori ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bloodstream Infection ◽  
High Mortality ◽  
Hematologic Malignancies ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Bacterial Biofilms ◽  
Significant Complication ◽  
Management Factors ◽  
The Impact

Bacterial bloodstream infection (BSI) is a significant complication in hematologic patients and is associated with high mortality rates. Despite improvements in BSI management, factors leading to sepsis are understood only partially.

Role of Membrane and Cortex Mechanics in Microrheology Measurements and Flow-Induced Cell Injury

2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah L. Dailey ◽  
Laura M. Ricles ◽  
Samir N. Ghadiali
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Fluid Accumulation ◽  
Volume Ventilation ◽  
Pulmonary Airways

Certain serious illnesses, including pneumonia and the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), can lead to fluid accumulation in the lung and obstruction of the small pulmonary airways. Fluid in the lungs inhibits gas exchange and patients may require mechanical ventilation, which can expose the lung to mechanical stresses that exacerbate the existing injury and result in additional fluid accumulation. Recent improvements in ventilation protocols (e.g. low lung volume ventilation) have improved ARDS treatment, but mortality rates remain high (30–40%).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document