scholarly journals Electrochemical Skin Conductance Alterations during Spinal Cord Stimulation: An Experimental Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (16) ◽  
pp. 3565
Author(s):  
Lisa Goudman ◽  
Nieke Vets ◽  
Julie Jansen ◽  
Ann De Smedt ◽  
Maxime Billot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Spinal Cord Stimulation ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Sudomotor Function ◽  
Skin Conductance Levels ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Age And Sex

Despite the well-known clinical effects of spinal cord stimulation (SCS), the mechanisms of action have not yet been fully unraveled. The primary aim of this study was to measure whether electrochemical skin conductance, as a measure of peripheral sympathetic autonomic function, is altered by SCS. A second aim was to compare skin conductance levels of patients with failed back surgery syndrome (FBSS) with age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Twenty-three patients with FBSS treated with SCS participated in this study. Sudomotor function was measured with the SudoscanTM instrument on the hands and feet during SCS on and off states. Difference scores in skin conductance between patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls were calculated. Normal sudomotor function at the painful lower limb was revealed for 61% of the patients when SCS was activated. Skin conductance levels were not altered between on and off states of SCS. Differences in scores between patients and healthy controls were significantly different from zero. This study showed that SCS does not influencing the sympathetic nervous system in patients with FBSS, as measured by skin conductance levels. Moreover, it suggested that there is no normalization of the functioning of the sympathetic nervous system, despite the effectiveness of SCS to reduce pain intensity.

Role of the sympathetic nervous system in CCl4 hepatotoxicity

1960 ◽  
Vol 198 (3) ◽  
pp. 669-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deane N. Calvert ◽  
Theodore M. Brody
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Central Vein ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Adrenergic Blocking ◽  
Stimulation Of

An hypothesis is proposed which states that the characteristic hepatic changes seen after the administration of carbon tetrachloride are the result of stimulation of central sympathetic areas which produce a massive discharge of the peripheral sympathetic nervous system. Stimulation of the sympathetic supply to the blood vessels of the liver results in restriction of blood flow in the liver, leading to anoxia and the characteristic necrosis around the central vein of the hepatic lobule. Similarly the discharge causes the release of unesterified fatty acids from the peripheral fat depots and the consequent deposition of lipid in the liver. This hypothesis is based upon experimental evidence using the following physiologic and pharmacologic maneuvers: adrenergic blocking agents, pretreatment with reserpine, adrenalectomy and section of the spinal cord—all are effective to a greater or lesser extent in preventing the changes characteristically seen in oxidative phosphorylation of the liver mitochondria, activation of a Mg-dependent ATPase and deposition of lipid in the liver. Transection of the spinal cord is the most effective treatment and prevents entirely the characteristic changes seen in the above-mentioned functions.

scholarly journals 3244 The Autonomic Nervous System as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Huntington Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (s1) ◽  
pp. 55-55
Author(s):  
Jordan L Schultz ◽  
Lyndsay Harshman ◽  
John Kamholz ◽  
Peggy Nopoulos
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Huntington Disease ◽  
Cox Regression ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous

OBJECTIVES/SPECIFIC AIMS: This study (1) investigated the presence and severity of autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysfunction in patients with pre-symptomatic Huntington Disease (HD) and (2) determined if pharmacologic manipulation of the ANS could modify the progression of HD. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using a unique data set of children at-risk for HD (the Kids-HD study), markers of autonomic function (resting heart rate [rHR], blood pressure [BP], and core body temperature [CBT]) were compared between pre-symptomatic, gene-expanded children (psGE) and healthy developing children using mixed models analyses controlling for sex, age, and body mass index. Included participants had to be < 18 years old and be at least 10 years from their predicted motor diagnosis of HD. Using the Enroll-HD database, inverse-propensity score weighted, Cox Regression analyses investigated the effects of beta-blockers on the timing of motor diagnosis of presymptomatic, adult patients with HD. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Compared to healthy controls, the psGE participants had significantly (p<0.05) higher mean rHR, systolic BP percentile, and CBT compared to the healthy controls (elevated by 4.01 bpm 0.19°C, and 5.96 percentile points, respectively, in the psGE group). Participants from Enroll-HD who were using a beta-blocker prior to motor diagnosis (n=65) demonstrated a significantly lower annualized risk of motor diagnosis [HR=0.56, p=0.03], compared to other participants with HD (n=1972). DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF IMPACT: Sympathetic nervous system activity is elevated in patients with HD decades prior to their predicted motor diagnosis. Furthermore, modulation of the sympathetic nervous system with beta-blockers significantly lowers the annualized risk of motor diagnosis of HD.

Sympathetic Nervous System Responses to Acupuncture and Non-Penetrating Sham Acupuncture in Experimental Forearm Pain: A Single-Blind Randomised Descriptive Study

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 178-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krista Lynne Paulson ◽  
Barbara L Shay
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Skin Conductance ◽  
Sham Acupuncture ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
System Response ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Single Blind

Objective To quantify the sympathetic nervous system response to acupuncture and non-penetrating sham acupuncture in volunteers with pain. Methods A single-blind, randomised controlled study of 36 healthy adults with no recent participation in forearm strengthening or occupations involving repeated forceful wrist motion was carried out. A fatiguing wrist extension exercise protocol was completed to induce delayed onset muscle soreness. Group 1 received no treatment, group 2 a single session of acupuncture and group 3 a single session of sham acupuncture. Outcomes included skin conductance, skin temperature and perfusion measured for 20 min before treatment, during the 15 min treatment and for 10 min after treatment. Results The acupuncture group showed a significant increase from baseline in ipsilateral perfusion (135%) and bilateral skin conductance (144 and 146%) and a significant decrease from baseline in bilateral distal skin temperature (98%). The acupuncture and sham acupuncture groups showed decreased ipsilateral proximal skin temperature. Conclusions Acupuncture appears to activate the sympathetic nervous system, indicated by a bilateral increase in skin conductance and a bilateral decrease in distal skin temperature after needle insertion. The unilateral increase in perfusion near the needle site seen with acupuncture treatment may be due to local circulatory, rather than systemic, control.

Activation of bulbospinal serotonergic neurons during cold exposure

1999 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 250-258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alicia M Passerin ◽  
Linda L Bellush ◽  
William N Henley
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous System ◽  
Cold Exposure ◽  
Metabolic Response ◽  
Dark Cycle ◽  
Temporal Aspects ◽  
Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous ◽  
Induced Changes

In a four-part study, we expand on our previous report that bulbospinal serotonin (5HT) neuronal activation occurs with 24 h of cold exposure. To characterize temporal aspects, rats were exposed to 3°C or were maintained at 22°C for 2, 8, 48, or 96 h (experiment 1) or for 15, 30, or 60 min (experiment 2). To ensure that cold-induced changes in 5HT activity were not due to disturbances in diurnal pattern, rats in experiment 3 were exposed to cold (8 h) during the dark cycle. To explore the hypothesis that cold-induced 5HT activation is part of a broad metabolic response that includes activation of the sympathetic nervous system, metabolically impaired (hypothyroid) rats were exposed to 8°C in experiment 4. Significant increments in 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5HIAA) concentration were evident by 60 min of cold exposure and existed at all later time points measured. These findings were most robust in spinal cord and rostral brainstem. Activation in spinal cord was also found when rats were exposed to 8 h of cold during the dark cycle, the active period for rats. In experiment 4, hypothyroid rats exhibited significantly greater norepinephrine excretion compared with control rats exposed to the same cold stimulus; this finding was accompanied by significantly greater increments in 5HIAA concentration in rostral brainstem and spinal cord of hypothyroid rats. In addition, significant elevations in tryptophan concentration were noted throughout the brainstem and spinal cord of cold-exposed, hypothyroid rats relative to room temperature, hypothyroid rats. This finding suggested that elevations in 5HIAA concentration in these rats were due to increases in precursor availability. The implications of these findings relative to autonomic and metabolic control are discussed.Key words: serotonin, spinal cord, raphe, cold, sympathetic nervous system.

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