scholarly journals Ultrasound Evaluation of the Rectus Femoris for Sarcopenia in Patients with Early Subacute Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3010
Author(s):  
Yongmin Choi ◽  
Sun Im ◽  
Geun-Young Park
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Qualitative Evaluation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Paretic Side ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Subacute Stroke ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Physical Features

We investigated the ultrasound characteristics of the rectus femoris for sarcopenia detected by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) in the early subacute stroke phase. Physical features (age, sex, body mass index, and circumference of thigh) and performances (modified Barthel index in Korean, functional ambulation categories, and mini-mental state examination in Korean) were measured. The thickness of the fat layer, the thickness of the rectus femoris (TRF), echo intensity (EI), EI to TRF ratio, and strain ratio of elastography (SRE) were measured by ultrasound in 30 patients with first-ever stroke (male: n = 20). Appendicular lean body mass was measured by DEXA. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health Sarcopenia Project. In total, 14 patients were in the sarcopenia group, and 16 were in the non-sarcopenia group. Clinical characteristics were similar between the two groups. In the sarcopenia group, TRF was significantly decreased in the paretic (p < 0.026) and non-paretic sides (p < 0.01), and the EI to TRF ratio on the paretic side was significantly increased (p < 0.049). Multivariate binary logistic regression showed that TRF on the non-paretic side was independently and significantly associated with sarcopenia (OR = 0.68, 95% CI: 0.463–0.999). The EI and SRE were not significant between the two groups. In the early subacute stroke phase, TRF on the non-paretic side is a key factor for quantitative evaluation of sarcopenia, and the EI to TRF ratio on the paretic side is also a meaningful qualitative evaluation of sarcopenia.

scholarly journals The Benefits of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation in the Muscular and Functional Capacity of Patients With Liver Cirrhosis: Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 117955221881183
Author(s):  
Carolina Luana de Mello ◽  
Thaís Martins Albanaz da Conceição ◽  
Tarcila Dal Pont ◽  
Catherine Corrêa Peruzzolo ◽  
Mariana Nunes Lúcio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Pulmonary Function ◽  
Functional Capacity ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Rectus Femoris ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Functional Independence ◽  
Peripheral Muscle ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Daily Physical Activities

Cirrhosis causes systemic and metabolic changes that culminate in various complications, such as compromised pulmonary function, ascites, hepatic encephalopathy, weight loss, and muscle weakness with significant physical function limitations. Our aim is to evaluate the effects of training with neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the muscular and functional capacity of patients with cirrhosis classified as Child-Pugh B and C. A total of 72 patients diagnosed with cirrhosis will be recruited and randomized to perform an NMES protocol for 50 minutes, 3 times a week, for 4 weeks. The evaluations will be performed at the beginning and after 12 sessions, and patients will be submitted to a pulmonary function test, an ultrasound evaluation of the rectus femoris, an evaluation of peripheral muscle strength, a submaximal exercise capacity test associated with an evaluation of peripheral tissue oxygenation, a quality of life evaluation, and orientation about monitoring daily physical activities. The evaluators and patients will be blinded to the allocation of the groups. Training Group will be treated with the following parameters: frequency of 50 Hz, pulse width of 400 μs, rise and fall times of 2 s, and on:off 1:1; Sham Group: 5 Hz, 100 μs, on:off 1:3. The data will be analyzed using the principles of the intention to treat. This study provides health professionals with information on the benefits of this intervention. In this way, we believe that the results of this study could stimulate the use of NMES as a way of rehabilitating patients with more severe cirrhosis, with the objective of improving these patients’ functional independence.

scholarly journals Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Child BMI—A Study of Prenatal Exposure to Nitrogen Oxides and Body Mass Index in Children at the Age of Four Years in Malmö, Sweden

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 2294 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasper Frondelius ◽  
Anna Oudin ◽  
Ebba Malmqvist
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Prenatal Exposure ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Childhood Overweight ◽  
Overweight And Obesity ◽  
Traffic Density ◽  
Logistic Regression Models ◽  
Increased Risk

Traffic-related air pollution could be a danger to the health of children. Earlier studies have linked prenatal exposure to an increased risk of a range of diseases and negative health outcomes, including overweight and obesity. Presently, a knowledge gap exists in investigating the risk of overweight and obesity among children exposed to lower levels of air pollution in utero. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between prenatal traffic-related air pollution (nitrogen dioxides (NOx) and traffic density) and childhood overweight and obesity in Malmö, Sweden. A cohort, based on attendance of a four-year check-up examination at Swedish Child Health Care (CHC) centers, and a parent-assessed questionnaire provided data on body-mass index adjusted for four-year-old children (ISO-BMI) as well as socioeconomic and health variables. We estimated exposure by using traffic density and levels of NOx at the maternal geocoded residential level. Analysis of 5815 children was performed using binary logistic regression models. This study showed no associations of increased risk for childhood overweight or obesity through to prenatal exposure to NOx in this low-exposure setting. We further suggest analysis of risks related to exposure levels ranging between the ones presented here and those proposed in previous literature.

scholarly journals Association of body mass index with the functional fitness of elderly women attending a physical activity program

2017 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gislaine Cristina Vagetti ◽  
Valdomiro de Oliveira ◽  
Michael Pereira Silva ◽  
Ana Beatriz Pacífico ◽  
Tiago Rocha Alves Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Elderly Women ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Short Version ◽  
Functional Fitness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Motor Tests

Abstract Objective: to investigate the association between body mass index (BMI) and functional fitness levels linked to the Elderly in Movement Program of the city of Curitiba, in the state of Paraná, Brazil. Methods: The study is characterized as correlational and cross-sectional. The sample consisted of 1,806 elderly female participants of the Elderly in Movement Program. The short version of the IPAQ was used to evaluate participation in physical activities; body weight (kg) and height (m) were measured to calculate BMI (kg/m²), while the motor tests proposed in the Senior Fitness Test were used to evaluate the functional fitness of the elderly women. Descriptive statistics, the chi-squared test and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: The results showed that 24.0% of the sample exhibited eutrophic nutritional status, 42.9% were overweight and 33.1% were obese. The elderly women classified as overweight and obese had lower functional fitness scores, based on the rating of Rikli and Jones, while the elderly women classified as eutrophic exhibited levels within the normal range. Obese elderly women were more likely to have low scores in the following functional fitness tests: Walk for 6 minutes, Chair Stand, Chair Sit and Reach, Back Scratch and 8-Foot Up and Go. Conclusion: The study indicated an association between, BMI and functional fitness in the elderly women participating in the program, where the majority of elderly women classified as obese exhibited low fitness in all tests.

scholarly journals Physical Fitness Differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman Junior Wrestlers

2014 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erkan Demirkan ◽  
Mehmet Kutlu ◽  
Mitat Koz ◽  
Mehmet Özal ◽  
Mike Favre
Keyword(s):  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Function Analysis ◽  
Body Height ◽  
Anaerobic Power ◽  
Greco Roman ◽  
Hand Grip ◽  
Power Peak ◽  
Maximal Anaerobic Power ◽  
Physical Features

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to examine physical fitness differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman junior wrestlers. One hundred twenty-six junior wrestlers, comprising 70 Freestyle and 56 Greco-Roman wrestlers, participated in this study. The somatic and physical fitness profile included body mass, body height, body mass index, body composition, flexibility, maximal anaerobic power of the legs and arms, aerobic endurance, hand grip strength, leg and back strength, and speed. No significant differences were found in the anthropometric and physical features between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. The Greco-Roman wrestlers had a significantly higher level of relative leg power, peak arm power, relative peak arm power, and relative average arm power than Freestyle wrestlers (p < 0.05). Greco-Roman wrestlers were significantly faster, had better agility, and had a greater level of leg strength than Freestyle wrestlers, but Freestyle wrestlers were more flexible than Greco-Roman wrestlers (p < 0.05). Discriminant function analysis indicated that peak arm power, agility, speed, and flexibility were selective factors for the differences between Freestyle and Greco-Roman wrestlers. In conclusion, the present study indicates that the differences between these wrestling styles promote physical fitness differences in elite wrestlers. The results reflect specific features of each wrestling style.

Serum Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 is Associated with the Decreased Risk of Obesity in Human

2017 ◽  
Vol 125 (05) ◽  
pp. 322-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhou Zhu ◽  
Yuming Wang ◽  
Kefu Zhu ◽  
Jianguo Gao ◽  
Xingyong Wan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Serum Level ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Fibroblast Growth

Abstract As a transducer of PPARγ signaling, recent evidence supports that fibroblast growth factor 1 (FGF1) mediates adipose tissue remodeling and insulin sensitivity. This study is to assess the role of serum FGF1 in obesity. A hospital-based case-control study of 154 subjects was conducted. Serum level of FGF1 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The serum level of FGF1 in the lean (119.0 [103.1–146.1] pg/ml) was higher than it in the subjects with overweight/obesity (111.9 [80.3–127.4] pg/ml, P=0.009). Binary logistic regression models found a reverse association between serum FGF1 level and the risk of overweight/obesity (adjusted odds ratio=0.990, 95% confidence interval [0.981–0.998], P=0.019). Furthermore, serum FGF1 reversely correlated with body mass index (r=−0.176, P=0.029), systolic blood pressure (r=−0.224, P=0.005), diastolic blood pressure (r=−0.185, P=0.022) and triglycerides (r=−0.162, P=0.044). Multiple stepwise linear regression analysis found serum level of FGF1 was dependent on anti-diabetic drugs, hemoglobin A1C, body mass index and sex. Serum level of FGF1 is associated with the decreased risk of obesity in human.

scholarly journals Application of Connectionist Approach in Classification of Nutritional Status Among Arsenic Affected people in Rural Areas in Bangladesh

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
A Rahman ◽  
M Akter ◽  
AK Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Clinical Data ◽  
Predictive Models ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Connectionist Approach

Various methods can be applied to build predictive models for the clinical data with binary outcome variables. This research aims to explore and compare the process of constructing common predictive models. Models based on an artificial neural network (the connectionist approach) and binary logistic regressions were compared in their ability to classifying malnourished subjects and those with over-weighted participants in rural areas of Bangladesh. Subjects were classified according to the indicator of nutritional status measured by body mass index (BMI). This study also investigated the effects of different factors on the BMI level of a sample population of 460 adults of six villages in Bangladesh. Demographic, enthropometric and clinical data were collected based on a total of 460 participants aged over 30 years from six villages in Bangladesh that were identified as mainly dependent on wells contaminated with arsenic. Out of 460(140 male and 320 females) participants 186(40.44%) were identified as malnourished (BMI<18.5 gm), and the remainder 274(59.56%) were found as over-weighted (BMI>18.5 gm). Among other factors, arsenic exposures were found as significant risk factors for low body mass index (BMI) with a higher value of odds ratio. This study shows that, binary logistic regression correctly classified 72.85% of cases with malnourished in the training datasets, 76.08% in the testing datasets and 75.26% of all subjects. The sensitivities of the neural network architecture for the training and testing datasets and for all subjects were 84.28%, 84.78% and 81.72% respectively, indicate better performance than binary logistic regression model. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/akmmcj.v5i2.21128 Anwer Khan Modern Medical College Journal Vol. 5, No. 2: July 2014, Pages 23-29

scholarly journals Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Ideas for Inspiratory Muscle Training in Patients With Subacute Stroke

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-464
Author(s):  
Irma Ruslina Defi ◽  
◽  
Novitri Novitri ◽  
Ilin Nurina ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Lung Function ◽  
Walking Speed ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Quadriceps Strength ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Stroke Patients ◽  
Paretic Side ◽  
Subacute Stroke

Objectives: This study aimed to elucidate the outcome of an Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) rehabilitation intervention on the lung function, functional mobilization, balance, and peripheral muscle strength of the paretic side in patients with subacute stroke. Methods: This double-blind, randomized controlled trial study was conducted on patients with stable subacute stroke. For 8 weeks, the intervention group (n=16) received 40% intensity IMT while the control group (n=16) received 10% intensity IMT. We assessed the patients’ lung function (spirometer) before and after the intervention, as well as their pulmonary muscle strength (micro-respiratory pressure meter [RPM]), quadriceps strength (handheld dynamometer), grip strength (Jamar), walking speed (10-m walk test), balance (Berg Balance Scale [BBS]), and functional mobilization (sit-to-stand test). Results: There were significant differences between the intervention group and the control group after IMT for forced vital capacity (FVC)% (P<0.01; d=3.20), forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV1)/FVC (P<0.001; d=2.55), FEV1% (P<0.001; d=5.10), walking speed (P<0.05; d=1.62), hand grip (P<0.001; d=2.45), quadriceps strength (P<0.001; d=4.18), functional mobilization (P<0.01; d=2.41), and maximal inspiratory mouth pressure (P<0.001; d=1.62), but no significant changes were seen in balance (P=0.304; d=0.57). Discussion: IMT improved lung function, functional mobilization, handgrip strength, and quadriceps strength on the paretic side of subacute stroke patients and is expected to improve functional status and allow the patient to participate in social activities. IMT exercise can be included in the rehabilitation program for subacute stroke patients.

scholarly journals Association of Lean Body Mass to Menopausal Symptoms: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosanne Woods ◽  
Rebecca Hess ◽  
Carol Biddington ◽  
Marc Federico
Keyword(s):  
Women’S Health ◽  
Women's Health ◽  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Large Population ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Secondary Use ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
Use Of Data ◽  
Mixed Regression

Abstract Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the association of lean body mass (LBM) to the development of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) as women transition through menopause.Methods: This study is a secondary use of data available for public use from follow up visits six through 10 for participants in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation. The study examined 2,533 women, between the ages 42 – 52 years, each year over a10-year period. Data was modeled for associations of lean body mass and VMS. Changes in LBM since prior visit and since baseline were also modeled along with differences in means using binary logistic regression, adjusting for covariates.Results: LBM was significantly associated to concurrent VMS (p = .036), percent change in LBM since prior visit (p = .003), percent change since baseline (p <.001), and overall means associations (p = .023). LBM was not significant for VMS at individual visit measures. In mixed regression modeling, time was significant (p <.0001) at all visits. The estimated probability of developing VMS decreases significantly as LBM increases. Conclusions: Lean body mass is negatively associated with incident VMS. Our data suggests that maintaining higher levels of LBM during the menopausal transition may be protective against the development of VMS. Every woman will experience menopause in her life and the ability to potentially prevent the onset of specific symptoms through basic interventions, such as resistance training to increase lean body mass, may positively impact this large population.

scholarly journals Elastosonographic evaluation after extracorporeal shockwave treatment in plantar fasciopathy

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Federica Alviti ◽  
Chiara D'Ercole ◽  
Giuseppe Schillizzi ◽  
Massimiliano Mangone ◽  
Andrea Bernetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plantar Fascia ◽  
Strain Ratio ◽  
Ultrasound Evaluation ◽  
Plantar Fasciopathy ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Conventional Ultrasound ◽  
Foot Function ◽  
Healthy Side ◽  
Post Hoc

Aim: To assess the ultrasound features in patients with plantar fasciopathy before and after extracorporeal shock waves therapy (ESWT), using conventional grey-scale imaging and both strain (SE) and shear wave (SWE) elastosonographic evaluation.Material and method: Consecutive patients of both sexes attending our outpatient’s clinic, with diagnosis of unilateral plantar fasciopathy, were enrolled. Patients were treated with 3 sessions of ESWT once a week, and underwent clinical and ultrasound evaluation at baseline and at one and three months after treatment. Roles and Maudsley score (RM), visual analog scale (VAS) and 17-Italian Foot Function Index (FFI), were used to assess pain and functional improvement.Results: Twenty patients (11 female and 9 male) were enrolled in the study. Contralateral asymptomatic healthy plantar fascia was used as a control. At baseline, SWE velocity (SWEv) showed statistically significant difference between affected 3.8 (1.5; 5.1) m/s and healthy side 4.7 (4.07; 7.04) m/s, (p=0.006); no significant difference was found for strain ratio values (p=0.656). SWEv post hoc test results showed a significant difference from baseline 3.8 (1.5-5.1) m/s and three month 5.23 (4.55-6.74) m/s follow up visit (p=0.003). Significant statistical negative correlation was found between the SWEv and VAS (p=0.001) and positive correlation between the SWEv and FFI (p=0.012).Conclusion: SWE was effective in assessing plantar fascia elasticity and its alteration in fasciopathy. Furthermore, on the basis of the correlation with pain and functional scales, this technique appears to be a useful additional technique to conventional ultrasound for monitoring the efficacy of treatment

scholarly journals Relationships between Body Mass Index and Self-Reported Motorcycle Crashes in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 1382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long T. Truong ◽  
Richard Tay ◽  
Hang T.T. Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
The Body ◽  
Passenger Cars ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Hybrid Data ◽  
Motorcycle Taxi

The relationship between overweight, obesity, or body mass index (BMI) and crashes among drivers of passenger cars, vans, and trucks has been the focus of much research. However, little is understood about this relationship among motorcyclists, particularly motorcycle taxi drivers who tend to work long hours. Motorcycle taxis are an increasingly popular and important mode of travel in many cities, especially in South-East Asia, due partly to the rise of ride-hailing services. This paper assesses the body mass index (BMI) of motorcycle taxi drivers in Vietnam and its impacts on crashes among three types of drivers (traditional, ride-hailing, and hybrid). Data from a structured questionnaire survey of motorcycle taxi drivers conducted in Hanoi, Vietnam were used. Results show that 18.8% of motorcycle taxi drivers were overweight or obese whereas only 1.4% were underweight. Fulltime motorcycle taxi drivers were more likely to be overweight or obese. Results of random effect binary logistic regression show that overweight and obese motorcycle taxi drivers had significantly higher overall and injury crash risks, when compared to normal-weight motorcycle taxi drivers. Results also indicate that hybrid motorcycle taxi drivers had lower overall and injury crash risks when compared to traditional motorcycle taxi drivers.

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