scholarly journals The Role of Non-Gaussian Models of Diffusion Weighted MRI in Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2641
Author(s):  
Liberatore Tramontano ◽  
Carlo Cavaliere ◽  
Marco Salvatore ◽  
Valentina Brancato
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Exponential Model ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Non Gaussian ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

The importance of Diffusion Weighted Imaging (DWI) in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been widely handled in the literature. Due to the mono-exponential model limitations, several studies recently investigated the role of non-Gaussian DWI models in HCC. However, their results are variable and inconsistent. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review is to summarize current knowledge on non-Gaussian DWI techniques in HCC. A systematic search of the literature, including PubMed, Google Scholar, MEDLINE, and ScienceDirect databases, was performed to identify original articles since 2010 that evaluated the role of non-Gaussian DWI models for HCC diagnosis, grading, response to treatment, and prognosis. Studies were grouped and summarized according to the non-Gaussian DWI models investigated. We focused on the most used non-Gaussian DWI models (Intravoxel Incoherent Motion (IVIM), Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging (DKI), and Stretched Exponential—SE). The quality of included studies was evaluated by using QUADAS-2 and QUIPS tools. Forty-three articles were included, with IVIM and DKI being the most investigated models. Although the role of non-Gaussian DWI models in clinical settings has not fully been established, our findings showed that their parameters may potentially play a role in HCC. Further studies are required to identify a standardized DWI acquisition protocol for HCC diagnosis, grading, response to treatment, and prognosis.

Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging to Assess Response to Treatment in Hypervascular Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2015 ◽  
Vol 204 (5) ◽  
pp. W543-W549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Goshima ◽  
Masayuki Kanematsu ◽  
Yoshifumi Noda ◽  
Hiroshi Kondo ◽  
Haruo Watanabe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

scholarly journals Diffusion Kurtosis MR Imaging versus Conventional Diffusion-Weighted Imaging for Distinguishing Hepatocellular Carcinoma from Benign Hepatic Nodules

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Yingmei Jia ◽  
Huasong Cai ◽  
Meng Wang ◽  
Yanji Luo ◽  
Ling Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Diffusion Weighted Imaging ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Hepatocellular Adenoma ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Adc Value ◽  
Diffusion Weighted ◽  
Benign Nodules ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

Objectives. To assess the efficacy of diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and compare DKI-derived parameters with conventional diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) for distinguishing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) from benign hepatic nodules including focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), hemangioma, and hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). Materials and Methods. 151 patients with 182 hepatic nodules (114 HCCs and 68 benign nodules including 33 FNHs, 29 hemangiomas, and 6 HCAs) were analyzed. Preoperative MRI examinations including DKI (b values: 0, 200, 500, 800, 1500, and 2000 sec/mm2) were performed, and kurtosis (K), diffusivity (D), and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) were calculated. The efficacy of DKI-derived parameters K, D, and ADC for distinguishing HCC from these benign nodules was analyzed. Results. ROC (receiver operating characteristic curve) analysis showed the optimal cutoff values of ADC, D, and K for identification of these benign nodules, and HCCs were 1.295 (area under the curve (AUC): 0.826; sensitivity 80.6%; specificity 70.8%), 1.787 (AUC: 0.770; sensitivity 83.6%; specificity 59.6%), and 1.002 (AUC: 0.761; sensitivity 65.5%; specificity 79.0%), respectively. Statistically significant differences were found in ADC, D, and K values between groups of HCC-FNH and HCC-hemangioma (P<0.05). There were significant differences in K and ADC values between groups of FNH-hemangioma and HCA-hemangioma (P<0.05), respectively. Using logistic regression analysis, a regression equation was obtained: LogitP=−1.982X1+1.385X3+1.948(X1: ADC; X3: K), and odds ratios (OR) were 0.138 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.052, 0.367), and 8.996 (95% CI: 0.970, 16.460), respectively. Conclusion. Both ADC value and DKI-derived parameters K and D values have demonstrated a higher preoperative efficacy in distinguishing HCC from FNH, hemangioma, and HCA. No evidence was shown to suggest D or K value was superior to the ADC value.

scholarly journals Prognostic role of platelet to lymphocyte ratio in hepatocellular carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Oncotarget ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (14) ◽  
pp. 22854-22862 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yongzhao Zhao ◽  
Guangyan Si ◽  
Fengshang Zhu ◽  
Jialiang Hui ◽  
Shangli Cai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Prognostic Role ◽  
Platelet To Lymphocyte Ratio ◽  
Lymphocyte Ratio

scholarly journals Assessment of Microvascular Invasion of Hepatocellular Carcinoma with Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging

Radiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 286 (2) ◽  
pp. 571-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Tao Wang ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Zhao-Xia Yang ◽  
Xin-Xing Hu ◽  
Ying Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Microvascular Invasion ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging ◽  
Diffusion Kurtosis

scholarly journals Multiple Roles of Autophagy in the Sorafenib Resistance of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 716-727 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting Sun ◽  
Hongchun Liu ◽  
Liang Ming
Keyword(s):  
Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Acquired Resistance ◽  
Multiple Roles ◽  
Multikinase Inhibitor ◽  
Advanced Hcc ◽  
Cellular Autophagy ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Hcc Cells

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, and prognosis remains unsatisfactory since the disease is often diagnosed at the advanced stages. Currently, the multikinase inhibitor sorafenib is the only drug approved for the treatment of advanced HCC. However, primary or acquired resistance to sorafenib develops, generating a roadblock in HCC therapy. Autophagy is an intracellular lysosomal pathway involved in protein and organelle degradation, with an astonishing number of connections to human disease and physiology. Current understanding of the role of autophagy in the progression of cancer and the response to cancer therapy remains controversial. Sorafenib is able to induce autophagy in HCC, but the effect of autophagy is indistinct. Some studies established that sorafenib-induced autophagy serves as a pro-survival response. However, other studies found that sorafenib-induced autophagy improves the lethality of sorafenib against HCC cells. The mechanisms underlying autophagy and sorafenib resistance remain elusive. The purpose of this review is to summarize the progress of research focused on autophagy and sorafenib resistance and to update current knowledge of how cellular autophagy impacts sorafenib sensitivity in HCC treatment.

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