scholarly journals Going “Green” in the Prevention and Management of Atherothrombotic Diseases: The Role of Dietary Polyphenols

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Ana Reis ◽  
Sara Rocha ◽  
Victor de Freitas
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Nutritional Strategy ◽  
Flavonoid Intake ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
The Impact

During the 20th century processed and ready-to-eat foods became routinely consumed resulting in a sharp rise of fat, salt, and sugar intake in people’s diets. Currently, the global incidence of obesity, raised blood lipids, hypertension, and diabetes in an increasingly aged population contributes to the rise of atherothrombotic events and cardiovascular diseases (CVD) mortality. Drug-based therapies are valuable strategies to tackle and help manage the socio-economic impact of atherothrombotic disorders though not without adverse side effects. The inclusion of fresh fruits and vegetables rich in flavonoids to human diets, as recommended by WHO offers a valuable nutritional strategy, alternative to drug-based therapies, to be explored in the prevention and management of atherothrombotic diseases at early stages. Though polyphenols are mostly associated to color and taste in foods, food flavonoids are emerging as modulators of cholesterol biosynthesis, appetite and food intake, blood pressure, platelet function, clot formation, and anti-inflammatory signaling, supporting the health-promoting effects of polyphenol-rich diets in mitigating the impact of risk factors in atherothrombotic disorders and CVD events. Here we overview the current knowledge on the effect of polyphenols particularly of flavonoid intake on the atherothrombotic risk factors and discuss the caveats and challenges involved with current experimental cell-based designs.

scholarly journals Relationship between Wine Consumption, Diet and Microbiome Modulation in Alzheimer’s Disease

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3082
Author(s):  
M. Victoria Moreno-Arribas ◽  
Begoña Bartolomé ◽  
José L. Peñalvo ◽  
Patricia Pérez-Matute ◽  
Maria José Motilva
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorder ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Intestinal Microbiome ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Wine Polyphenols ◽  
The Impact

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder leading to the most common form of dementia in elderly people. Modifiable dietary and lifestyle factors could either accelerate or ameliorate the aging process and the risk of developing AD and other age-related morbidities. Emerging evidence also reports a potential link between oral and gut microbiota alterations and AD. Dietary polyphenols, in particular wine polyphenols, are a major diver of oral and gut microbiota composition and function. Consequently, wine polyphenols health effects, mediated as a function of the individual’s oral and gut microbiome are considered one of the recent greatest challenges in the field of neurodegenerative diseases as a promising strategy to prevent or slow down AD progression. This review highlights current knowledge on the link of oral and intestinal microbiome and the interaction between wine polyphenols and microbiota in the context of AD. Furthermore, the extent to which mechanisms bacteria and polyphenols and its microbial metabolites exert their action on communication pathways between the brain and the microbiota, as well as the impact of the molecular mediators to these interactions on AD patients, are described.

scholarly journals The duration and timing of maternal depression as a moderator of the relationship between dependent interpersonal stress, contextual risk and early child dysregulation

2012 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 1587-1596 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. Barker
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Maternal Depression ◽  
Latent Class ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Interpersonal Stress ◽  
Early Child ◽  
Contextual Risk ◽  
Parents And Children ◽  
The Impact

BackgroundRisk factors that are associated with depression in the mother also negatively affect the child. This research sought to extend current knowledge by examining the duration and timing of maternal depression as a moderator of: (1) the impact of dependent interpersonal stress (DIS), such as partner conflict or low social support, and contextual risk (e.g. poverty) on child dysregulation; and (2) continuity in early child dysregulation.MethodMother–child pairs (n = 12 152) who participated in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) were examined between pregnancy and age 4 years. Data on maternal depression were collected five times between pregnancy and 33 months postpartum; on DIS and contextual risk three times between pregnancy and 33 months; and on child dysregulation at age 2 and 4 years.ResultsLongitudinal latent class analysis identified a class of mothers (10%) who evinced a chronic level of depression between pregnancy and 33 months. For chronic-depressed versus non-depressed mothers, the results indicate that: (1) DIS predicted higher child dysregulation if experienced between pregnancy and age 2; (2) contextual risk had a differential effect on child dysregulation if experienced during pregnancy; and (3) children had higher continuity in dysregulation between age 2 and age 4.ConclusionsAssessing the impact of the timing and duration of maternal depression, and different types of co-occurring risk factors, on child well-being is important. Maternal depression and associated DIS, in comparison to contextual risk, may be more responsive to intervention.

scholarly journals Water Management for Construction: Evidence for Risk Characterization in Community and Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (6) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Molly M. Scanlon ◽  
James L. Gordon ◽  
William F. McCoy ◽  
Melissa F. Cain
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Waterborne Pathogens ◽  
Waterborne Disease ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Construction Activity ◽  
The Impact

Construction activities are a known risk contributing to the growth and spread of waterborne pathogens in building water systems. The purpose of the study is to integrate evidence for categorizing construction activity risk factors contributing to waterborne disease in community and healthcare settings, establish severity of such risk factors and identify knowledge gaps. Using a systematic review, the inclusion criteria were: (1) studies with disease cases suspected to be associated with construction activities and waterborne pathogens, and (2) active construction work described in a community or healthcare setting. Each construction activity risk factor was correlated across all studies with the number of disease cases and deaths to establish risk severity. The eligibility review and quantitative synthesis yielded 31 studies for inclusion (community, n = 7 and healthcare, n = 24). From 1965 to 2016, a total of 894 disease cases inclusive of 112 deaths were associated with nine construction activity risk factors and waterborne pathogens. The present study findings support the need for building owners, water management teams and public health professionals to address construction activity risk factors and the analysis of current knowledge deficiencies within the scope of an ongoing water management program. The impact of construction activities on waterborne disease is preventable and should no longer be considered incidental nor accidental.

scholarly journals Diet-Derived Antioxidants and Their Role in Inflammation, Obesity and Gut Microbiota Modulation

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 708
Author(s):  
Andrea Deledda ◽  
Giuseppe Annunziata ◽  
Gian Carlo Tenore ◽  
Vanessa Palmas ◽  
Aldo Manzin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Relevant Evidence ◽  
Nutritional Guidelines ◽  
Regular Consumption ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Impact

It is generally accepted that gut microbiota, inflammation and obesity are linked to the development of cardiovascular diseases and other chronic/non-communicable pathological conditions, including cancer, neurodegenerative diseases and ageing-related disorders. In this scenario, oxidative stress plays a pivotal role. Evidence suggests that the global dietary patterns may represent a tool in counteracting oxidative stress, thus preventing the onset of diseases related to oxidative stress. More specifically, dietary patterns based on the regular consumption of fruits and vegetables (i.e., Mediterranean diet) have been licensed by various national nutritional guidelines in many countries for their health-promoting effects. Such patterns, indeed, result in being rich in specific components, such as fiber, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants, whose beneficial effects on human health have been widely reported. This suggests a potential nutraceutical power of specific dietary components. In this manuscript, we summarize the most relevant evidence reporting the impact of dietary antioxidants on gut microbiota composition, inflammation and obesity, and we underline that antioxidants are implicated in a complex interplay between gut microbiota, inflammation and obesity, thus suggesting their possible role in the development and modulation of chronic diseases related to oxidative stress and in the maintenance of wellness. Do all roads lead to Rome?

scholarly journals Impact of strawberries on human health: insight into marginally discussed bioactive compounds for the Mediterranean diet

2009 ◽  
Vol 12 (9A) ◽  
pp. 1656-1662 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Tulipani ◽  
Bruno Mezzetti ◽  
Maurizio Battino
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Potential Health ◽  
Folate Status ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
Plasma Urate ◽  
Potential Impact ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

AbstractObjectiveTo review and update the current knowledge on the potential impact of strawberry on human health, with particular attention on compounds and indirect mechanisms of action not exhaustively considered.DesignPersonal perspectives and recent data.SettingInternational.ResultsOur research group was among the few groups that have recently investigated the folate content in fresh, stored and processed strawberries, and the data look very promising. As well, some in vivo evidence of the impact of strawberry intake on the folate status in humans have already been reported, but a new increasing interest on this field is strongly hoped. Furthermore, the hypouricaemic effects previously ascribed to cherry consumption need to be evaluated in respect to strawberry intake. At the moment, inconsistent results come from the few investigations designed at this proposal. In our studies, a great interindividual variability was observed on plasma urate levels in response to strawberry intake, suggesting a putative effect.ConclusionsThe mechanisms responsible for the potential health-promoting effects of strawberry may not be necessarily searched in the activity of phytochemicals. Particularly, a greater interest should be addressed to show whether a prolonged strawberry consumption may effectively improve the folate status and reduce the incidence of folate-related pathological conditions. Furthermore, the hypouricaemic effects of cherries need to be evaluated also in respect to strawberry intake, and the mechanisms of actions and anti-gout potentialities need to be studied in detail.Future investigations involving human trials should be aimed at following these underestimated scientific tracks.

scholarly journals Prevalence, Risk Factors for Exposure, and Socio-Economic Impact of Peste Des Petits Ruminants in Karenga District, Karamoja Region, Uganda

Pathogens ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 54
Author(s):  
Claire Akwongo ◽  
Melvyn Quan ◽  
Charles Byaruhanga
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Economic Impact ◽  
Small Ruminant ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Eastern Africa ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Peste Des Petits Ruminants ◽  
Socio Economic Impact ◽  
The Impact

Peste des petits ruminants (PPR), a disease caused by small ruminant morbillivirus (SRM), is highly contagious with high morbidity and mortality. Controlling PPR requires a proper understanding of the epidemiological dynamics and impact of the disease in a range of geographical areas and management systems. Karenga district, located in the pastoral region of Karamoja in northeastern Uganda, and in the vicinity of Kidepo Valley National Park, is characterised by free cross-border (South Sudan and Kenya) livestock trade, communal grazing, and transhumance. This study was conducted from November through December 2020 to determine the seroprevalence of anti-SRM antibodies, the risk factors associated with the occurrence, and the socio-economic impact of PPR in Karenga. A total of 22 kraals were randomly selected from all administrative units, and 684 small ruminants (sheep = 115, goats = 569) were selected for serum collection using systematic random sampling. Exposure to SRM was determined using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The overall true seroprevalence of SRM antibodies was high, 51.4 (95% confidence interval [CI] 45–52.6). Multivariate logistic regression for risk factors showed that seroprevalence varied significantly by location (26.8% to 87.8%, odds ratio (OR) ≤ 14.5). The odds of exposure to SRM were higher in sheep (73.9%) than in goats (43.8%) (OR = 1.7, p = 0.08), and seropositivity was higher in animals greater than two years old (65.5%; OR = 11.1, p < 0.001), or those one to two years old (24.7%; OR = 1.6, p = 0.2), compared to small ruminants less than one year old (16.1%). Using participatory epidemiology approaches (semi-structured interviews, clinical examinations, pairwise ranking, proportional piling, impact matrix scoring) with 15 key informants and 22 focus groups of pastoralists, PPR was the second most important small ruminant disease: relative morbidity 14%, relative mortality 9%, and case fatality rate 78%, and impacted productivity mainly in terms of treatment costs, mortality, marketability, and conflicts. These findings provide evidence to support the implementation of disease surveillance and control strategies to mitigate the impact of PPR in Karamoja and other pastoral areas in eastern Africa.

scholarly journals The impact of antisperm antibodies on human male reproductive function: an update

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Filipa Silva ◽  
João Ramalho-Santos ◽  
Sandra Amaral
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Antisperm Antibodies ◽  
Male Reproductive Function ◽  
Infertile Men ◽  
Human Male ◽  
Low Prevalence ◽  
The Impact

Immune infertility occurs due to the presence of antisperm antibodies (ASA). This type of infertility has a relatively low prevalence (2.6-6.6% in infertile men), and its etiology, risk factors, targets and consequences for male fertility are not completely understood. While it is largely accepted that abnormalities in the blood-testis barrier and/or blood-epididymal barrier are the main factors behind its etiology, and that sperm motility is the most frequently reported altered parameter, few are the well-defined risk factors and ASA targets only now started to be disclosed, with proteins involved in sperm-oocyte interaction rising as the most significant. The development of potential treatments is also limited, being the corticosteroids the more promising. Overall, there are still many knowledge gaps related to immune infertility. With this review we aimed to gather all the information collected from studies developed in humans in the last decade. Despite the controversial results/inconsistencies, that are not only a result from the complexity of mechanisms/variables involved in ASA infertility, but also from the technical approaches to assess ASA and the lack of a consensus regarding the thresholds to be used, this manuscript aims to bring a fresh update on the field. It has become clear that, to obtain more/reliable data, there is a need to assess ASA in all the routine seminal analysis, following WHO recommendations. In this way it will be possible to obtain consistent and comparable information, that can add to current knowledge. Additionally, multicentric studies with large cohorts are also missing, and future research should take this into consideration.

scholarly journals A health and food-system analysis of Brexit-related policy approaches

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Freund ◽  
Marco Springmann
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Food System ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Health Promoting ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Related Mortality

Abstract Brexit is expected to have significant impacts on the UK food system, which has implications for dietary risk factors and public health. Here we use an integrated economic-health modelling framework to analyse the impacts of different policy approaches to Brexit. According to our analysis, a “Hard Brexit” could increase diet-related mortality in the UK as costs for health-promoting and import-dependent foods, such as fruits and vegetables, increase and their consumption decreases. Negotiating free-trade agreements with the USA and Commonwealth countries as part of a “Global Britain” approach led to relative increases in food availability, but not of health-promoting foods, resulting in further increases in diet and weight-related mortality. Negotiating a free-trade agreement with the EU addressed both food availability and fruit and vegetable intake, which halved the increases in mortality. Combining this “Soft Brexit” approach with an agricultural subsidy reform that incentivises greater production of fruits and vegetables mitigated the Brexit-related increases in risk factors and led to net improvements in diet-related mortality.

Diet and Cardiovascular Disease: Effects of Foods and Nutrients in Classical and Emerging Cardiovascular Risk Factors

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (19) ◽  
pp. 3639-3651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Badimon ◽  
Patricia Chagas ◽  
Gemma Chiva-Blanch
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Chronic Diseases ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Antithrombotic Effects ◽  
The Relationship

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are the leading cause of mortality worldwide. Diet comprises a mixture of food compounds that has an influence on human health. The relationship between diet and health is extremely complex and strategies to delay or prevent chronic diseases such as CVD are of utmost interest because chronic diseases and more concretely CVD are still the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. In this mini-review, we aimed to summarize the current knowledge about the principal diet components that potentially influence CVD initiation and progression. Current research refers to the Mediterranean dietary pattern, rich in fruits and vegetables, as the most cardioprotective, because of its high concentration of bioactive compounds such as unsaturated fatty acids, polyphenols, fiber, phytosterols, vitamins and minerals, which exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antithrombotic effects contributing to the delay of CVD initiation and progression.

Inhibitors in Hemophilia B

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (06) ◽  
pp. 578-589 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriele Quintavalle ◽  
Giancarlo Castaman ◽  
Erminia Baldacci ◽  
Antonietta Ferretti ◽  
Federica Riccardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Viral Infections ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Rare Event ◽  
Bleeding Risk ◽  
Severe Form ◽  
Factor Ix ◽  
Hemophilia B ◽  
Clinical Aspects ◽  
The Impact

AbstractHemophilia B (HB) is an X-linked bleeding disorder caused by deficiency of factor IX (FIX). Patients with the severe form (FIX <1%) account approximately for 30 to 45% of persons with HB and usually suffer from recurrent joint, soft-tissue, and muscle bleeds. The availability of safe plasma-derived and recombinant products has virtually abolished the risk of viral infections and the adoption of prophylactic regimens has attenuated the impact of hemophilic arthropathy. Therefore, the development of an inhibitor against FIX is currently the most serious complication that can still occur in the new generations of HB patients. The development of an inhibitor in HB is a rare event (1.5–3% of all patients) but is associated with a significant morbidity, related not only to the bleeding risk but also to the frequent occurrence of allergic/anaphylactic reactions and nephrotic syndrome. Due to the relative rarity of this event, few data exist about risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical aspects of inhibitors in HB. The induction of immune tolerance is often unsuccessful and can be otherwise affected by many complications in patients with history of allergy or anaphylaxis. Therefore, alternative therapeutic strategies and new approaches are developing. The aim of this narrative review is to discuss current knowledge about risk factors, pathophysiology, and clinical aspects of this rare but serious complication.

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