scholarly journals Modifiable Psychological Factors Affecting Functioning in Fibromyalgia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Myrella Paschali ◽  
Asimina Lazaridou ◽  
Theodoros Paschalis ◽  
Vitaly Napadow ◽  
Robert R. Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Behavioral Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Important Variable ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Reported

Objective: To examine the role of several interrelated, potentially modifiable psychological factors (i.e., mindfulness and catastrophizing) in influencing patient-reported functioning. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 107 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain severity, functioning and impact of symptoms, mindfulness, and pain catastrophizing. Linear regression and bootstrapping mediation analyses were performed to assess the relationships between these factors. Results: Pain intensity was significantly and positively associated with pain catastrophizing and impact of fibromyalgia on functioning. Linear regression analyses indicated that pain intensity, catastrophizing, and mindfulness affect functioning in fibromyalgia. Follow-up mediation analysis revealed a significant indirect effect of pain catastrophizing on the relationship between pain intensity and fibromyalgia functioning. Conclusion: Individuals with fibromyalgia who have higher levels of pain and catastrophizing, and lower levels of mindfulness, are more likely to experience impaired functioning. Our findings suggest that pain catastrophizing appears to be an especially important variable contributing to reduced functioning in women with fibromyalgia. Therefore, catastrophizing-reducing treatments (e.g., cognitive behavioral therapy) are likely to have direct, beneficial impacts on functioning.

scholarly journals The Role of Pain Catastrophizing and Pain Acceptance in Performance-Based and Self-Reported Physical Functioning in Individuals with Fibromyalgia and Obesity

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 810
Author(s):  
Giorgia Varallo ◽  
Federica Scarpina ◽  
Emanuele Maria Giusti ◽  
Carlos Suso-Ribera ◽  
Roberto Cattivelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Functioning ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Acceptance ◽  
Lower Pain ◽  
And Performance

Impaired physical functioning is one of the most critical consequences associated with fibromyalgia, especially when there is comorbid obesity. Psychological factors are known to contribute to perceived (i.e., subjective) physical functioning. However, physical function is a multidimensional concept encompassing both subjective and objective functioning. The contribution of psychological factors to performance-based (i.e., objective) functioning is unclear. This study aims to investigate the contribution of pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance to both self-reported and performance-based physical functioning. In this cross-sectional study, 160 participants completed self-report measures of pain catastrophizing, pain acceptance, and pain severity. A self-report measure and a performance-based test were used to assess physical functioning. Higher pain catastrophizing and lower pain acceptance were associated with poorer physical functioning at both self-reported and performance-based levels. Our results are consistent with previous evidence on the association between pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance with self-reported physical functioning. This study contributes to the current literature by providing novel insights into the role of psychological factors in performance-based physical functioning. Multidisciplinary interventions that address pain catastrophizing and pain acceptance are recommended and might be effective to improve both perceived and performance-based functioning in women with FM and obesity.

scholarly journals The Correlation of Communication Effectiveness and Patient Satisfaction

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 237437352199883
Author(s):  
Yvonne Versluijs ◽  
Maartje Lemmers ◽  
Laura E. Brown ◽  
Amanda I. Gonzalez ◽  
Joost T. P. Kortlever ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Patient Reported Outcome ◽  
Communication Effectiveness ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Ceiling Effects ◽  
As Relationship ◽  
Current Experience

This study assessed the correlation of 9 questions addressing communication effectiveness (the Communication Effectiveness Questionnaire [CEQ]) with other patient-reported experience measures (PREMs; satisfaction, perceived empathy) as well as patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs; pain intensity, activity tolerance) in patients with musculoskeletal illness or injury. In a cross-sectional study, 210 patients visiting an orthopedic surgeon completed the CEQ and measures of satisfaction with the visit, perceived empathy, pain intensity, and activity tolerance. We evaluated correlations between CEQ and other PREMs and CEQ and PROMs. We measured ceiling effects of the PREMs. Communication effectiveness correlated moderately with other PREMs such as satisfaction (ρ = 0.54; P < .001) and perceived empathy (ρ = 0.54; P < .001). Communication effectiveness did not correlate with PROMs: pain intensity (ρ = −0.01; P = .93) and activity tolerance (ρ = −0.05; P = .44). All of the experience measures have high ceiling effects: perceived empathy 37%, satisfaction 80%, and CEQ 46%. The observation of notable correlations of various PREMs, combined with their high ceiling effects, direct us to identify a likely common statistical construct (which we hypothesize as “relationship”) accounting for variation in PREMs, and then develop a PREM which measures that construct in a manner that results in a Gaussian distribution of scores. At least within the limitations of current experience measures, there seems to be no association between illness (PROMs) and experience (PREMs).

Are Illness Perceptions Associated with Pain and Disability in Complex Regional Pain Syndrome? A Cross-Sectional Study

Pain Medicine ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana R Antunovich ◽  
Juliette C Horne ◽  
Natalie L Tuck ◽  
Debbie J Bean
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Illness Perceptions ◽  
Pain Syndrome ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Disability ◽  
Regulation Model

Abstract Objective Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is a complex and often poorly understood condition, and people with CRPS will have diverse beliefs about their symptoms. According to the self-regulation model, these beliefs (termed “illness perceptions”) influence health behaviors and outcomes. Previous studies have found that psychological factors influence CRPS outcomes, but few studies have investigated CRPS patients’ illness perceptions specifically. The present study examined whether illness perceptions were related to pain intensity and other relevant outcomes in people with CRPS. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 53 patients with CRPS (type 1 and type 2) completed questionnaires assessing illness perceptions, pain, disability, and psychological factors. Multiple regression analyses were used to determine whether illness perceptions were associated with pain intensity, disability, depression, and kinesiophobia, after controlling for possible covariates (including clinical and demographic factors, pain catastrophizing, and negative affect). Results Negative illness perceptions were associated with greater pain, disability, and kinesiophobia, but not depression. Specifically, attributing more symptoms to CRPS (more negative illness identity perceptions) was associated with greater pain intensity, and reporting a poorer understanding of CRPS (lower illness coherence scores) was associated with greater disability and kinesiophobia. Conclusions Patients with CRPS with more negative illness perceptions (particularly perceptions indicating a poor understanding of their condition) also experience greater pain, disability, and kinesiophobia. Future research could investigate whether altering CRPS patients’ illness perceptions influences clinical outcomes.

scholarly journals Pain-related beliefs are associated with arm function in persons with frozen shoulder

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 432-440
Author(s):  
L De Baets ◽  
T Matheve ◽  
J Traxler ◽  
JWS Vlaeyen ◽  
A Timmermans
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Glenohumeral Joint ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Frozen Shoulder ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Arm Function

Background Frozen shoulder is a painful glenohumeral joint condition. Pain-related beliefs are recognized drivers of function in musculoskeletal conditions. This cross-sectional study investigates associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function in frozen shoulder. Methods Pain intensity, arm function (Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand Questionnaire (DASH)), pain catastrophizing (Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)), pain-related fear (Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK-11)) and pain self-efficacy (Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ)) were administered in 85 persons with frozen shoulder. Correlation analyses assessed associations between pain-related beliefs and arm function. Regression analysis calculated the explained variance in arm function by pain-related beliefs. Results Pain-related fear, pain catastrophizing and pain self-efficacy were significantly associated with arm function (r = 0.51; r = 0.45 and r = −0.69, all p < .0001, respectively). Thirty-one percent of variance in arm function was explained by control variables, with pain intensity being the only significant one. After adding TSK-11, PCS and PSEQ scores to the model, 26% extra variance in arm function was explained, with significant contributions of pain intensity, pain-related fear and pain self-efficacy (R2 = 0.57). Conclusions Attention should be paid towards the negative effect of pain-related fear on outcomes in frozen shoulder and towards building one’s pain self-efficacy given its protective value in pain management.

Positive psychology constructs as predictors of depression in retirees

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 995-1017 ◽  
Author(s):  
NICOLE ALLENDEN ◽  
PETER BOMAN ◽  
AMANDA MERGLER ◽  
MICHAEL J. FURLONG
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Functioning ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Hard Copy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Psychological Constructs ◽  
Positive Psychological Functioning ◽  
Predictors Of Depression

ABSTRACTThis study investigated whether five positive psychological constructs (self-efficacy, gratitude, grit, hope and optimism) had a combined effect on levels of depression. The co-occurrence of these psychological factors, defined as an example of covitality, was examined in relation to predicting lower levels of depression. Participants were 278 retirees living in Brisbane, Australia. Each participant completed either an online or hard-copy self-report, related to positive psychological functioning. A standard multiple regression found that self-efficacy, grit, optimism and hope were individually all significant predictors of depression (small effect sizes); however, the combinatorial relation of all these four factors with depression was substantial (R2 = 0.34; large effect size). Gratitude was not a significant predictor. While no causality can be inferred from this cross-sectional study, having a combination of positive psychological factors might have an effect on levels of depression in retirement.

scholarly journals Episodic Cancer Pain: Patient Reporting, Prevalence, and Clinicodemographic Associations at Initial Cancer Pain Clinic Assessment

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Paulo Reis-Pina ◽  
Anand Acharya ◽  
Antonio Barbosa ◽  
Peter G. Lawlor
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Pain ◽  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Brief Pain Inventory ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Pain Clinic ◽  
Pain Patient ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pain Location ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
Average Pain

Background. Better understanding of the episodic cancer pain (CP) spectrum, including pains that occur in addition to its conventionally defined breakthrough CP (BTcP) and incident CP (IcP) components, may inform CP assessment and management. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of episodic patient-reported CP and the prevalence and associations of study-defined BTcP (S-BTcP) and IcP (S-IcP) in patients with CP. Methods. In a cross-sectional study at their first CP clinic attendance, participants with CP had the following assessments: Brief Pain Inventory (BPI); Pain Management Index (PMI), with PMI-negative status indicating undertreatment; standardized neuropathic pain component (NPC) status; S-BTcP (no trigger identified) and S-IcP (trigger identified) status, based on a preceding 7-day history of transitory pain flares distinct from background pain, and BPI-Worst or BPI-Now pain intensity ≥ 4. Clinicodemographic variables’ association with S-BTcP and S-IcP was examined in logistic regression analyses. Results. Of 371 participants, 308 (83%) had episodic CP by history alone; 140 (37.7%) and 181 (48.8%) had S-BTcP and S-IcP, respectively. Multivariable analyses demonstrated significant (p<0.05) associations (odds ratios: 95% CIs) for 6 variables with S-BTcP: head and neck pain location (2.53; 1.20–5.37), NPC (2.39; 1.34–4.26), BPI average pain (1.64; 1.36–1.99), abdominal pain (0.324; 0.120–0.873), S-IcP (0.207; 0.116–0.369), and PMI-negative status (0.443; 0.213–0.918). Similar independent associations (p<0.05) occurred for S-IcP with NPC, BPI average pain, and PMI-negative status, in addition to radiotherapy, S-BTcP, soft tissue pain, and sleep interference. Conclusions. Episodic or transient patient-reported CP flares often do not meet the more conventional criteria that define BTcP and IcP, the principal episodic CP types. Both BTcP and IcP occur frequently and both are associated with a NPC, higher pain intensity, and less opioid underuse in the management of CP. Further studies are warranted to both better understand the complex presentations of episodic CP and inform its classification.

scholarly journals Socio-cognitive Determinants of Plagiarism Intention Among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences Students: A Cross-sectional Study in 2018

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehdi Mirzaei-Alavijeh ◽  
Cyrus Jalili ◽  
Pedram Rezaei-Zadeh ◽  
Farzad Jalilian
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
University Students ◽  
Behavioral Control ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Subjective Norms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Plagiarism is one of the most common and important misconducts in the educational and research environment. Plagiarism means transcribing the works or ideas of others without authenticating the source and the original author and assigning them to self. Objectives: The current research aimed to investigate the socio-cognitive constructs associated with plagiarism among Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences (KUMS) students using the theory of planned behavior (TPB). Methods: This cross-sectional study was done at KUMS, the west of Iran, among 231 medical university students in 2018, which were selected randomly to participate voluntarily. Students filled out a self-report questionnaire that included the demographics and TPB variables. Data gathered were analyzed by the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (version 16) using a t-test, Pearson correlation, and linear regression. Results: The determinants of attitude, subjective norms (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) accounted for 15% of behavioral intention (BI) to plagiarism. Linear regression showed that SN (beta = 0.229; P = 0.001) and PBC (beta = -0.217; P = 0.001) were the most influential predictors of plagiarism intention. Conclusions: According to the result, it seems that planning programs to increase perceived behavioral control against doing plagiarism and reduce subjective norms encouraging plagiarism may be useful for the prevention and reduction of plagiarism among university students.

scholarly journals Anxiety and Pain Severity in Children Based on Self-Report

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
Maryam Mirmotalebi ◽  
◽  
Behshid Garrusi ◽  
Mina Danaei
Keyword(s):  
Pain Intensity ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Medical Team ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
Children's Pain

Background and Objective: Evaluation of the severity of pain in children can help the medical team diagnose the type of disease. In this study, anxiety and pain intensity in children were examined based on self-report. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2018 on 300 children aged 3 to 12 years, referring to outpatient treatment centres in Kerman. To measure the severity of pain felt by children, FPS-R was used. The level declared by children was evaluated by the pain intensity estimated by parents and doctors using a visual analogue scale (VAS) and the standard FLACC (Face, Legs, Activity, Cry, Consolability scale) for correlation. The data were analysed using SPSS software version 25. Results: The pain reported by children was obtained by VAS (4.16 ± 3.49), and the estimated pain by the doctor was obtained by FPS-R (2.87±1.68). The pain severity estimated by the doctor using FLACC had the highest correlation with the pain estimated by the doctor using VAS and the lowest correlation with the pain estimated by the mother using VAS. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that FPS-R could be used as a suitable self-report tool in children and, along with the standard FLACC, can help the medical team recognize the severity of children's pain.

scholarly journals Social and Psychological Factors Associated With Adolescent Physical Activity

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 957-963 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette M. Garcia ◽  
John R. Sirard ◽  
Ross Larsen ◽  
Meg Bruening ◽  
Melanie Wall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Psychological Factors ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Perceived Social Support ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sem Analysis ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional

Objective:The purpose of this study was to examine, using structural equation modeling, the associations between nominated friend physical activity (PA), friend social support with individual PA-related psychological factors, and adolescent PA.Methods:Data were obtained from EAT 2010 (Eating and Activity Among Teens), a large cross-sectional study conducted in 20 middle and high schools. The sample consisted of 1951 adolescents (mean age: 14.25 ± 1.96, 54% female, 68% ethnic minorities). PA, parent and friend social support (perceived social support for PA from parents and friends), and psychological measures (PA enjoyment, PA self-efficacy, and PA barriers) were assessed by self-report questionnaires. The SEM analysis consisted of 1 observed variable: friend PA, and 2 latent constructs: psychological factors, perceived social support.Results:The model was a good fit, indicating that there were significant direct effects of both friend PA (P < .01) and psychological factors (P < .0001) on adolescent PA. In addition, psychological factors mediated the association between friend PA and adolescent PA.Conclusion:The results of this model suggest that psychological factors and friend PA are associated with adolescent PA, and that psychological factors may play an important role. Future studies should further examine the association of both friend PA and psychological variables with adolescent PA.

scholarly journals The “self” in pain: high levels of schema-enmeshment worsen fibromyalgia impact

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myrella Paschali ◽  
Asimina Lazaridou ◽  
Eric S. Vilsmark ◽  
Jeungchan Lee ◽  
Michael Berry ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Pain Severity ◽  
Pictorial Representation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Mediation Analyses

Abstract Objective Chronic pain can have detrimental effects on quality of life and a profound impact on one’s identity. The Pictorial Representation of Illness- and Self-Measure (PRISM), is a visual tool designed to measure the self-illness separation (SIS) that represents the degree of schema-enmeshment (i.e., the degree to which the self-schema and the illness-schema come to overlap). Our aim was to investigate the relationship between schema-enmeshment and pain-related outcomes in patients with fibromyalgia. Methods In this cross-sectional study, 114 patients with fibromyalgia completed self-report assessments of pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, anxiety, and depression. SIS was assessed using an iPad version of PRISM. Mediation analyses evaluated the mediating role of schema-enmeshment on the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact. Results A higher degree of schema-enmeshment was associated with greater pain catastrophizing, pain severity and interference, impact of symptoms, and depression. Moreover, a mediation analysis revealed that schema-enmeshment significantly mediated the association between pain catastrophizing and fibromyalgia impact (p < 0.001). Conclusions Our results indicate that schema-enmeshment is associated with greater intrusiveness of chronic pain on everyday life, thereby posing significant limitations on the emotional and physical well-being of fibromyalgia patients. Schema-enmeshment also appears to partly account for the deleterious effect of pain catastrophizing on disease impact. The PRISM is a simple tool that may uniquely capture the extent to which chronic pain and illness infiltrates and affects one’s self-concept.

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