scholarly journals Pharmacological and Parenteral Nutrition-Based Interventions in Microvillus Inclusion Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 22
Author(s):  
Changsen Leng ◽  
Edmond H. H. M. Rings ◽  
Saskia N. de Wildt ◽  
Sven C. D. van IJzendoorn
Keyword(s):  
Parenteral Nutrition ◽  
Clinical Research ◽  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Secretory Diarrhea ◽  
Pharmacological Interventions ◽  
Recent Advances

Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare inherited and invariably fatal enteropathy, characterized by severe intractable secretory diarrhea and nutrient malabsorption. No cure exists, and patients typically die during infancy because of treatment-related complications. The need for alternative treatment strategies is evident. Several pharmacological interventions with variable successes have been tried and reported for individual patients as part of their clinical care. Unfortunately, these interventions and their outcomes have remained hidden in case reports and have not been reviewed. Further, recent advances regarding MVID pathogenesis have shed new light on the outcomes of these pharmacological interventions and offer suggestions for future clinical research and trials. Hence, an inventory of reported pharmacological interventions in MVID, their rationales and outcomes, and a discussion of these in the light of current knowledge is opportune. Together with a discussion on MVID-specific pharmacokinetic, -dynamic, and -genetic concerns that pose unique challenges regarding pharmacological strategies, we envision that this paper will aid researchers and clinicians in their efforts to develop pharmacological interventions to combat this devastating disease.

scholarly journals Drug-based therapeutic strategies for COVID-19-infected patients and their challenges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khatereh Zarkesh ◽  
Elaheh Entezar-Almahdi ◽  
Parisa Ghasemiyeh ◽  
Mohsen Akbarian ◽  
Marzieh Bahmani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Treatment ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Therapeutic Strategies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Global Population

Emerging epidemic-prone diseases have introduced numerous health and economic challenges in recent years. Given current knowledge of COVID-19, herd immunity through vaccines alone is unlikely. In addition, vaccination of the global population is an ongoing challenge. Besides, the questions regarding the prevalence and the timing of immunization are still under investigation. Therefore, medical treatment remains essential in the management of COVID-19. Herein, recent advances from beginning observations of COVID-19 outbreak to an understanding of the essential factors contributing to the spread and transmission of COVID-19 and its treatment are reviewed. Furthermore, an in-depth discussion on the epidemiological aspects, clinical symptoms and most efficient medical treatment strategies to mitigate the mortality and spread rates of COVID-19 is presented.

scholarly journals Recent advances in understanding and treating ARDS

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 725 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca M. Baron ◽  
Bruce D. Levy
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Distress ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Preventive Strategies ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Improved Outcomes ◽  
Considerable Morbidity

Acute respiratory distress syndrome represents a complex syndrome with considerable morbidity and mortality, for which there exist no targeted treatment strategies. However, recent advances in clinical care have improved outcomes, and we will review a number of these approaches here, as well as explore the mechanisms underlying the benefit of intervention that might point us in the direction toward future treatment and preventive strategies for this devastating syndrome.

scholarly journals Children’s Pain: A Mandate for Change

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea L Brennan-Hunter
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Medline Search ◽  
The Past ◽  
Key Word ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Pain Knowledge ◽  
Children's Pain ◽  
Effective Assessment

There have been tremendous research advances in the past 15 years in knowledge about children's pain, and strategies for recognizing and managing that pain. However, the clinical care of children in pain remains a challenge. Children's pain continues to be frequently unrecognized , dismissed or ineffectively managed. A loud call for change is being voiced by physicians, nurses, children and their families. A review of the literature was conducted to document this issue. Starting with a Medline search of the key word 'child* + pain' and continuing with a snowball technique, articles and resources addressing children's pain were collected. Resources presented or published after 1990 were particularly sought because they theoretically reflect both current knowledge about children's pain and the implementation of this knowledge in practice. Unfortunately, although information on pain is available to help children, in many instances, it is not being used. The purpose of the present paper is twofold -- to present an overview of current knowledge of children's pain, and factors that hinder its effective assessment and management; and to present a mandate for change. Children's postoperative pain is highlighted in this paper as an example of the gap between pain knowledge and clinical practice. Although treatment strategies differ across different types of pain, children's conditions and ages, the principles and mandate for change discussed in this paper are directly relevant to all categories of children's pain.

scholarly journals Spectrum of Tendon Pathologies: Triggers, Trails and End-State

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 844 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Steinmann ◽  
Christian G. Pfeifer ◽  
Christoph Brochhausen ◽  
Denitsa Docheva
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Musculoskeletal System ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Tendon Injuries ◽  
Biological Mechanisms ◽  
Recent Advances

The biggest compartment of the musculoskeletal system is the tendons and ligaments. In particular, tendons are dense tissues connecting muscle to bone that are critical for the integrity, function and locomotion of this system. Due to the increasing age of our society and the overall rise in engagement in extreme and overuse sports, there is a growing prevalence of tendinopathies. Despite the recent advances in tendon research and due to difficult early diagnosis, a multitude of risk factors and vague understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms involved in the progression of tendon injuries, the toolbox of treatment strategies remains limited and non-satisfactory. This review is designed to summarize the current knowledge of triggers, trails and end state of tendinopathies.

Invited Review: Effect of oxygen deprivation on cell cycle activity: a profile of delay and arrest

2003 ◽  
Vol 94 (5) ◽  
pp. 2068-2083 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Douglas ◽  
G. G. Haddad
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cell Cycles ◽  
Young Embryo ◽  
Dividing Cells ◽  
Effect Of Oxygen

One of the most fascinating fields that have emanated in the past few decades is developmental biology. This is not only the case from a research point of view but also from the angle of clinical care and treatment strategies. It is now well demonstrated that there are many diseases (some believe all diseases) that have their roots in embryogenesis or in early life, where nature and environment often team up to facilitate the genesis of disease. There is probably no better example to illustrate the interactions between nature and environment than in early life, as early as in the first several cell cycles. As will be apparent in this review, the cell cycle is a very regulated activity and this regulation is genetic in nature, with checkpoint proteins playing an important role in controlling the timing, the size, and the growth of daughter cells. However, it is also very clear, as will be discussed in this work, that the microenvironment of the first dividing cells is so important for the outcome of the organism. In this review, we will focus on the effect of one stress, that of hypoxia, on the young embryo and its cell division and growth. We will first review some of the cell cycle definitions and stages and then review briefly our current knowledge and its gaps in this area.

Nucleosome dynamics

2006 ◽  
Vol 73 ◽  
pp. 109-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Stockdale ◽  
Michael Bruno ◽  
Helder Ferreira ◽  
Elisa Garcia-Wilson ◽  
Nicola Wiechens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Chromatin Structure ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dynamic Properties ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Nucleosome Dynamics ◽  
Sharp Focus ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Chromatin Structure And Dynamics

In the 30 years since the discovery of the nucleosome, our picture of it has come into sharp focus. The recent high-resolution structures have provided a wealth of insight into the function of the nucleosome, but they are inherently static. Our current knowledge of how nucleosomes can be reconfigured dynamically is at a much earlier stage. Here, recent advances in the understanding of chromatin structure and dynamics are highlighted. The ways in which different modes of nucleosome reconfiguration are likely to influence each other are discussed, and some of the factors likely to regulate the dynamic properties of nucleosomes are considered.

scholarly journals Patient Experience in Home Respiratory Therapies: Where We Are and Where to Go

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 555 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cátia Caneiras ◽  
Cristina Jácome ◽  
Sagrario Mayoralas-Alises ◽  
José Ramon Calvo ◽  
João Almeida Fonseca ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Research ◽  
Patient Experience ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Quality Healthcare ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Patient Reported ◽  
System Sustainability

The increasing number of patients receiving home respiratory therapy (HRT) is imposing a major impact on routine clinical care and healthcare system sustainability. The current challenge is to continue to guarantee access to HRT while maintaining the quality of care. The patient experience is a cornerstone of high-quality healthcare and an emergent area of clinical research. This review approaches the assessment of the patient experience in the context of HRT while highlighting the European contribution to this body of knowledge. This review demonstrates that research in this area is still limited, with no example of a prescription model that incorporates the patient experience as an outcome and no specific patient-reported experience measures (PREMs) available. This work also shows that Europe is leading the research on HRT provision. The development of a specific PREM and the integration of PREMs into the assessment of prescription models should be clinical research priorities in the next several years.

scholarly journals Dermatillomania: Strategies for Developing Protective Biomaterials/Cloth

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Priusha Ravipati ◽  
Bice Conti ◽  
Enrica Chiesa ◽  
Karine Andrieux
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Treatment ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Neuropsychiatric Disorder ◽  
Physical Barrier ◽  
Physical Treatment ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Prevention Of Infections

Dermatillomania or skin picking disorder (SPD) is a chronic, recurrent, and treatment resistant neuropsychiatric disorder with an underestimated prevalence that has a concerning negative impact on an individual’s health and quality of life. The current treatment strategies focus on behavioral and pharmacological therapies that are not very effective. Thus, the primary objective of this review is to provide an introduction to SPD and discuss its current treatment strategies as well as to propose biomaterial-based physical barrier strategies as a supporting or alternative treatment. To this end, searches were conducted within the PubMed database and Google Scholar, and the results obtained were organized and presented as per the following categories: prevalence, etiology, consequences, diagnostic criteria, and treatment strategies. Furthermore, special attention was provided to alternative treatment strategies and biomaterial-based physical treatment strategies. A total of six products with the potential to be applied as physical barrier strategies in supporting SPD treatment were shortlisted and discussed. The results indicated that SPD is a complex, underestimated, and underemphasized neuropsychiatric disorder that needs heightened attention, especially with regard to its treatment and care. Moreover, the high synergistic potential of biomaterials and nanosystems in this area remains to be explored. Certain strategies that are already being utilized for wound healing can also be further exploited, particularly as far as the prevention of infections is concerned.

scholarly journals Molecular Subtypes and Precision Oncology in Intrahepatic Cholangiocarcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (13) ◽  
pp. 2803
Author(s):  
Carolin Czauderna ◽  
Martha M. Kirstein ◽  
Hauke C. Tews ◽  
Arndt Vogel ◽  
Jens U. Marquardt
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Care ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Specific Treatment ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Precision Oncology ◽  
Recurrence Rates ◽  
Isocitrate Dehydrogenase 1 ◽  
Liver Cancers

Cholangiocarcinomas (CCAs) are the second-most common primary liver cancers. CCAs represent a group of highly heterogeneous tumors classified based on anatomical localization into intra- (iCCA) and extrahepatic CCA (eCCA). In contrast to eCCA, the incidence of iCCA is increasing worldwide. Curative treatment strategies for all CCAs involve oncological resection followed by adjuvant chemotherapy in early stages, whereas chemotherapy is administered at advanced stages of disease. Due to late diagnosis, high recurrence rates, and limited treatment options, the prognosis of patients remains poor. Comprehensive molecular characterization has further revealed considerable heterogeneity and distinct prognostic and therapeutic traits for iCCA and eCCA, indicating that specific treatment modalities are required for different subclasses. Several druggable alterations and oncogenic drivers such as fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 gene fusions and hotspot mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 and 2 mutations have been identified. Specific inhibitors have demonstrated striking antitumor activity in affected subgroups of patients in phase II and III clinical trials. Thus, improved understanding of the molecular complexity has paved the way for precision oncological approaches. Here, we outline current advances in targeted treatments and immunotherapeutic approaches. In addition, we delineate future perspectives for different molecular subclasses that will improve the clinical care of iCCA patients.

scholarly journals Current Insights into Immunology and Novel Therapeutics of Atopic Dermatitis

Cells ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1392
Author(s):  
Hidaya A. Kader ◽  
Muhammad Azeem ◽  
Suhib A. Jwayed ◽  
Aaesha Al-Shehhi ◽  
Attia Tabassum ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atopic Dermatitis ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Food Allergies ◽  
Th2 Response ◽  
Therapeutic Outcomes ◽  
Environmental Agents ◽  
Novel Treatment Strategies

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is one of the most prevalent inflammatory disease among non-fatal skin diseases, affecting up to one fifth of the population in developed countries. AD is characterized by recurrent pruritic and localized eczema with seasonal fluctuations. AD initializes the phenomenon of atopic march, during which infant AD patients are predisposed to progressive secondary allergies such as allergic rhinitis, asthma, and food allergies. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; onset of the disease is caused by several factors, including strong genetic predisposition, disrupted epidermal barrier, and immune dysregulation. AD was initially characterized by defects in the innate immune system and a vigorous skewed adaptive Th2 response to environmental agents; there are compelling evidences that the disorder involves multiple immune pathways. Symptomatic palliative treatment is the only strategy to manage the disease and restore skin integrity. Researchers are trying to more precisely define the contribution of different AD genotypes and elucidate the role of various immune axes. In this review, we have summarized the current knowledge about the roles of innate and adaptive immune responsive cells in AD. In addition, current and novel treatment strategies for the management of AD are comprehensively described, including some ongoing clinical trials and promising therapeutic agents. This information will provide an asset towards identifying personalized targets for better therapeutic outcomes.

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