scholarly journals Status of Water Quality for Human Consumption in High-Andean Rural Communities: Discrepancies between Techniques for Identifying Trace Metals

J ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 162-180
Author(s):  
Alejandro Quispe-Coica ◽  
Sonia Fernández ◽  
Luz Acharte Lume ◽  
Agustí Pérez-Foguet
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Physicochemical Characterization ◽  
Travel Distance ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Sampling Points

Access to safe water is essential for people’s lives and health. However, little information is available about the quality of water consumed in rural communities in the Andes of Peru. The difficulties of accessing communities, and the lack of nearby laboratories, raise the question of which techniques are being used or could be used to monitor water quality (and specifically, for trace metal content determination), as discrepancies between different techniques have been reported. This work focuses on water characterization of (i) physicochemical, microbiological, and parasitological parameters; and (ii) the presence of trace metals in a specific Andean region involving five communities, determined by two different techniques: inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and atomic absorption spectrometry (AAS). AAS was performed at local laboratories in the province capital located within a 4-h travel distance from sampling points, and ICP-MS was performed in a certified lab in Lima at a 24-h bus travel distance (on average) from sampling points. The physicochemical characterization shows non-compliance with regulations of 16.4% of reservoirs and 23.1% of households. Further, standards for microbiological and parasitological parameters were not met by 14.5% of spring water points, 18.8% of water reservoirs, and 14.3% of households. These results are in agreement with the Peruvian government´s general figures regarding water quality in rural areas. While ICP-MS and AAS gave equivalent results for most pairs of sample metals tested, differences were found for Mo, Mn, Al, Zn, Cd, and Cu concentrations (with larger differences for Mo, Cd, and Cu). Differences in Al and Mo affect the comparison with water quality standards and generate uncertainty in terms of acceptability for human consumption.

scholarly journals QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA EM ÁREAS RURAIS: Análise bacteriológica e físico-química das águas dos tanques de pedra das comunidades KM 21 (Campina Grande) e Pedra Redonda (Pocinhos) (Water quality in rural areas: bacteriological and physical-chemical analysis...)

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1737
Author(s):  
Laíse Do Nascimento Cabral ◽  
Sérgio Murilo Santos de Araújo
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Physical Chemical ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Microbiological Parameters

Nesse trabalho, foi analisada a qualidade da água em níveis bacteriológicos para consumo humano e demais usos em reservatórios denominados Tanques de Pedra nas comunidades rurais do Semiárido Paraibano: KM 21, Campina Grande (Agreste paraibano)-PB, e Pedra Redonda (Curimataú paraibano), Pocinhos-PB. Como critério de escolha das comunidades, considerou-se a importância dos reservatórios para a população, haja vista serem o principal reservatório para captação de água da chuva e armazenamento. A qualidade da água foi analisada a partir de sete coletas com a determinação dos parâmetros físico-químicos e microbiológicos. A metodologia aplicada foi o método enzimático de substrato definido Colilert. Para as análises físico-químicas, utilizou-se 24 parâmetros identificados pelo Valor Máximo Permissível (VMP). Os resultados, para parâmetros microbiológicos e físico-químicos, estão fundamentados na Portaria 2914/11 do Ministério da Saúde. Utilizou-se registro fotográfico para obtenção de imagens dos reservatórios. Os resultados mostraram que a qualidade da água das comunidades encontrava-se comprometida, tendo em vista que se encontrava infectada nos níveis bacteriológicos (Escherichia coli e Coliformes totais) e físico-químicos para cor e turbidez, sendo estes parâmetros utilizados para consumo humano. Assim, concluiu-se que, nos casos da utilização do recurso hídrico para usos múltiplos da água, pode haver utilização, porém com algumas restrições. Por fim, é válido destacar que os tanques de pedra são o maior provedor de água para as famílias de ambas as comunidades, por este motivo a análise da qualidade da água deu-se para este tipo de reservatório dado a sua importância aquífera e social.    A B S T R A C T In this study, the water quality was analyzed for bacteriological levels for human consumption and other uses in so-called reservoirs Stone Tanks in rural communities Paraibano Semi-Arid: KM 21, Campina Grande (Agreste Paraibano)-PB, and Pedra Redonda (Curimataú Paraibano), Pocinhos-PB. As a criterion of choice of the communities, it considered the importance of reservoirs for the population, given as the primary reservoir for capturing rainwater and storage. The water quality was analyzed from seven collections with the determination of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters. The methodology applied was the enzymatic method of substrate defined Colilert. For the physico-chemical analysis, we used 24 parameters identified by the Maximum Permissible Value (MPV). The results for microbiological and physico-chemical parameters are based on the Ministry of Health Ordinance 2914/11. We used photographic record to obtain images of the reservoirs. The results showed that the water quality of communities found compromised, considering that was infected in the bacteriological level (Escherichia coli and Coliforms totals) and physico-chemical for color and turbidity, these parameters being used for human consumption. Thus, it was concluded that in cases where the use of water resources for multiple uses water can be used, but with some restrictions. Finally, it is worth noting that the stone tanks are the largest water provider for the families of both communities, for this reason the analysis of water quality was given for this type of reservoir given its importance aquifer and social. Keywords: Water resources; Sustainability; water management; Agreste of Paraíba; Brazilian semiarid.   

scholarly journals A multinebulization technique for the determination of trace metals in a marine biota sample by on-line isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (OID-ICP-MS)

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2509-2516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miriam García ◽  
Miguel Ángel Aguirre ◽  
Emilia Vassileva ◽  
Antonio Canals
Keyword(s):  
Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Trace Metals ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Marine Biota ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Biota Sample ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
On Line

The efficient mixing between the sample and the spike solutions takes place at the inner cavity of the multinebulizer tip.

scholarly journals Avaliação de água de poços tubulares para consumo humano no Município de Boa Vista, Paraíba

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 08
Author(s):  
Débora Samara Cruz Rocha Farias ◽  
Soahd Arruda Rached Farias ◽  
José Dantas Neto
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Water Resources ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Underground Water ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Surface Water Resources ◽  
Deep Wells ◽  
Quality Of Water

<p>Na Região do Semiárido nordestino a diminuição da disponibilidade dos recursos hídricos superficiais tem levado a população da zona rural a buscar, nos recursos hídricos subterrâneos, a solução de seus problemas de abastecimento, o que tem acarretado um crescimento no número de perfurações de poços tubulares profundos. O trabalho objetivou avaliar a qualidade de águas utilizadas para consumo humano em áreas rurais da região de Boa Vista, Paraíba. As amostras de água foram coletadas em poços tubulares, em dois períodos: 4º trimestre de 2014 e 2º trimestre de 2015. As variáveis avaliadas foram: pH, CE, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO<sub>3 </sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl, alcalinidade e dureza total e SDT. Das águas analisadas 94,55% são consideradas salgadas nas duas amostragens. Em sua maioria os teores de dureza, alcalinidade, cloreto, magnésio, sódio e potássio estão fora do limite estabelecido pela Portaria vigente no país. Com relação ao pH, as amostras se encontram dentro do padrão normal.</p><p align="center"><strong><em>Water quality for human consumption in rural communities in the municipality of Boa Vista, state Paraíba</em></strong></p><p><strong>Abstract</strong><strong>: </strong>In the semi-arid northeastern region of decreasing availability of surface water resources has led to population from the countryside to look for underground water resources to solve their supply problems, which has led to an increase in the number of deep wells drilling. The study aimed to assess the quality of water used for human consumption in rural areas of the region Boa Vista, Paraíba. Water samples were collected from wells in two periods: 4th quarter 2014 and 2nd quarter of 2015. The variables evaluated were: pH, EC, Ca, Mg, Na, K, HCO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>, Cl, alkalinity and total hardness and TDS. 94.55% of the analyzed waters are considered cured in the two sampling. Mostly hardness levels, alkalinity, chloride, magnesium, sodium, potassium are beyond the limit set by current Ordinance in the country. Regarding the pH samples are within the normal pattern.<strong></strong></p>

Análise Microbiológica da Qualidade das Águas do Rio Cuiabá Perímetro Urbano, a Partir de 4 Pontos de Amostragem

UNICIÊNCIAS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Waléria Finicia de Oliveira ◽  
Osvaldo Borges Pinto
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Biological Indicators ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
River Waters ◽  
Sampling Points ◽  
Microbiological Parameters ◽  
Quality Water ◽  
Consequent Increase

A ocupação eminentemente urbana dos municípios resultou em um incremento da demanda nos diversos usos das águas do rio Cuiabá e consequente aumento das cargas orgânicas, de nutrientes e de coliformes gerados pelos esgotos domésticos. As microbacias hidrográficas, com vegetação natural remanescente, são áreas muito importantes para manter o abastecimento de água de boa qualidade. O objetivo deste trabalho foi realizar análises microbiológicas da qualidade da água do rio Cuiabá, especificamente no perímetro urbano, a partir de quatro pontos de amostragem, usando os parâmetros microbiológicos, a fim de quantificar Coliformes Totais e Escherichia coli. Foram feitas quatro coletas em pontos aleatórios, uma em 03/11/2014 e as outras três em 22/10/2015. Os resultados obtidos, nas análises feitas com as amostras, apontou como impróprio para o consumo humano, conforme a Resolução nº 357/05 do CONAMA.Palavras-chaves: Qualidade da Água. Bioindicadores, Escherichia coli.AbstratThe eminently urban occupation of the municipalities resulted in an increase in the demand for the different uses of the Cuiabá river waters and consequent increase in the organic loads, nutrients and coliforms generated by domestic sewage. The waters and consequent increase in the organic loads, nutrients and coliforms generated by domestic sewage. Thehydrographic basins with remaining natural vegetation arevery important areas to maintain the supply of  good quality water. The objective of this work was to perform microbiological analyzes of the water quality, specifically at the urban perimeter, from 04 Sampling Points, using the microbiological parameters, in order to quantify Total Coliformes and Escherichia coli. Four collections were performed, one for each point, the first on November 3rd, 2014, another on October 22nd, 2015. The results obtained from the analyses performed with the samples, pointed as inadequate for human consumption, according to Resolution number 357/05 of CONAMA.Keywords: Water Quality. Biological Indicators. Escherichia coli

scholarly journals Assessing Drinking Water Quality at the Point of Collection and within Household Storage Containers in the Hilly Rural Areas of Mid and Far-Western Nepal

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2172 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Daniel ◽  
Arnt Diener ◽  
Jack van de Vossenberg ◽  
Madan Bhatta ◽  
Sara J. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Drinking Water Quality ◽  
Household Water Treatment ◽  
Storage Container ◽  
Household Water ◽  
Storage Containers

Accurate assessments of drinking water quality, household hygenic practices, and the mindset of the consumers are critical for developing effective water intervention strategies. This paper presents a microbial quality assessment of 512 samples from household water storage containers and 167 samples from points of collection (POC) in remote rural communities in the hilly area of western Nepal. We found that 81% of the stored drinking water samples (mean log10 of all samples = 1.16 colony-forming units (CFU)/100 mL, standard deviation (SD) = 0.84) and 68% of the POC samples (mean log10 of all samples = 0.57 CFU/100 mL, SD = 0.86) had detectable E. coli. The quality of stored water was significantly correlated with the quality at the POC, with the majority (63%) of paired samples showing a deterioration in quality post-collection. Locally applied household water treatment (HWT) methods did not effectively improve microbial water quality. Among all household sanitary inspection questions, only the presence of livestock near the water storage container was significantly correlated with its microbial contamination. Households’ perceptions of their drinking water quality were mostly influenced by the water’s visual appearance, and these perceptions in general motivated their use of HWT. Improving water quality within the distribution network and promoting safer water handling practices are proposed to reduce the health risk due to consumption of contaminated water in this setting.

Qualitative analysis and classification of surface water in Bukit Merah Reservoir in Malaysia

2013 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1138-1145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher O. Akinbile ◽  
Mohd Suffian Yusoff ◽  
Siti Hidayah Abu Talib ◽  
Zorkeflee Abu Hasan ◽  
Wan Roslan Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Treatment Level ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Substantial Investment ◽  
Laboratory Procedures

An attempt was made to analyze and classify water quality at the Bukit Merah Reservoir (BMR) in Malaysia to determine the degree of pollution and ascertain the required treatment level before usage. Parameters determined included; pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), suspended solids (SS), total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) using both in-situ and standard laboratory procedures. Heavy metal contents such as nickel (Ni), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), calcium (Ca), iron (Fe) and magnesium (Mg) were also determined using an Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP MS). Using the water quality index (WQI) tool, all the parameters indicated considerable degrees of pollution with an average classification number of 75.63 in Class III which indicated that the BMR water was slightly polluted. DO ranged between 2.06 and 12.5 mg/L with a mean value of 5.96 mg/L while BOD ranged between 3.08 and 6.32 mg/L with a mean value of 4.6 mg/L, among many other parameters analyzed. Also, the presence of heavy metals was recorded, but did not appear to be much of a threat with the exception of Fe. Most of the pollutants identified were mainly from infrastructural development and agricultural activities. For domestic uses, cleaner water would be required and this would need substantial investment in treatment, while for recreational, livestock and crop irrigation purposes, the water quality would be acceptable at the present level.

scholarly journals Variation in micronutrient and macronutrient concentrations in grain of four wheat genotypes grown in Albaha region, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatima Omari Alzahrani
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Whole Wheat ◽  
Icp Ms ◽  
Plasma Mass Spectrometry ◽  
First Time

Major dependence on wheat-based foods with low bioavailability of nutrients led to high malnutrition rates, especially in developing counties. Four wheat genotypes (Albelad (BE), Aldwasair (AD), Australia (AU) and Najran (NJ)) grown in Albaha region were analyzed for the first time for the variation in micronutrient (Se, Mo, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, B and Na) and macronutrient concentrations (P, Ca, Mg and K) in the whole wheat grain using Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) in order to select genotype of high nutritional value of the wheat for human consumption for further breeding by farmers. Substantial micronutrient variation existed among the four genotypes according to their mean Se, Mo, Zn, and Na concentrations, while macronutrient variation existed in their P and Ca concentrations. The NJ genotype appeared to contain higher concentrations of Se, Na, and Ca than the other genotypes while AU contained higher concentrations of Zn and P than AD, BE, or NJ. The results of this study can provide information about micro- and macro-nutrient enriched wheat genotypes for agricultural strategies aimed at improving the nutritional value of wheat plants.

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