scholarly journals Alterations and Interchange of Morphometric Characters in Different Life Cycle Stages with Reference to Genomic Variations of Anopheles subpictus (Diptera; Culicidae) Sibling Species Complex in Sri Lanka

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dona Jayatunga ◽  
Iresha Harischandra ◽  
Naduviladath Chandrasekharan ◽  
Nissanka de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Pupal Exuviae ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Genomic Variations ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

The species complex of the mosquito Anopheles subpictus is designated by the sibling species A–D, depending on morphological characters of life cycle stages and variations in polytene chromosomes. However, morphological aberrations in the life cycle stages make the identification of sibling species uncertain and imprecise. The objective of the present study is to determine the suitability of morphological variations of sibling species and their genomic variations to identify the sibling species status of an An. subpictus population in Sri Lanka. Life cycle stages of larvae, pupal exuviae, and adults were examined for previously reported distinctive morphological features. Five nuclear and mitochondrial genome regions, including the Internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) region, D3 region, white gene, cytochrome c oxidase I (COI), and Cytochrome b (Cyt-b), were sequenced and analyzed for variations. The eggs changed their distinct sibling morphological characters during metamorphosis (89.33%). The larvae, pupal exuviae, and adult stages showed deviation from their sibling characters by 26.10%, 19.71%, and 15.87%, respectively. However, all the species from the analysis shared two distinct sequence types for all regions, regardless of the morphological variations. In conclusion, the An. subpictus sibling species complex in Sri Lanka is not identifiable using morphological characters due to variations, and the genomic variations are independent from the morphological variations.

scholarly journals Compensatory Base Changes Reveal Sexual Incompatibility among Members of the Anopheles subpictus Sensu Lato (Diptera: Culicidae) Species Complex in Sri Lanka

Life ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 211
Author(s):  
D. P. W. Jayatunga ◽  
I. N. Harischandra ◽  
N. V. Chandrasekharan ◽  
B. G. D. N. K. de Silva
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Sibling Species ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Secondary Structures ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Speciation Event ◽  
Compensatory Base Changes

The mosquito Anopheles (Cellia) subpictus sensu lato (s.l.) is a major secondary vector of malaria in Sri Lanka. The sibling species composition in this species complex in Sri Lanka remains debatable. Compensatory base changes (CBCs) in the secondary structures of internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) are reliable sources to predict sexual incompatibility among closely related species. The objective of the present study was to investigate the An. subpictus s.l. populations in Sri Lanka using the CBC analysis. Mosquito DNA was amplified and sequenced for the ITS2 region. The sequences were annotated using ITS2 Database. ITS2 secondary structures were constructed and analyzed for CBCs using various bioinformatics tools. The ITS2 regions consisted of two different lengths, 575 bp and 480 bp. The two CBCs and three hemi CBCs identified in the present study suggest that there may be at least two sexually incompatible sibling species. In conclusion, it is likely that there may be only two reproductively isolated sibling species in the An. subpictus species complex in Sri Lanka. However, due to high divergence of ITS2 in these species, it is reasonable to assume that they may be undergoing a speciation event to separate as a distinct species.

Guide to Native Bees of Australia

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terry Houston
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Natural History ◽  
Plant Material ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Native Bees ◽  
Nest Architecture ◽  
Form And Function ◽  
Genus Level ◽  
Life Cycle Stages ◽  
And Function

Bees are often thought of as yellow and black striped insects that live in hives and produce honey. However, Australia’s abundant native bees are incredibly diverse in their appearance and habits. Some are yellow and black but others have blue stripes, are iridescent green or wasp-like. Some are social but most are solitary. Some do build nests with wax but others use silk or plant material, burrow in soil or use holes in wood and even gumnuts! A Guide to Native Bees of Australia provides a detailed introduction to the estimated 2000 species of Australian bees. Illustrated with stunning photographs, it describes the form and function of bees, their life-cycle stages, nest architecture, sociality and relationships with plants. It also contains systematic accounts of the five families and 58 genera of Australian bees. Photomicrographs of morphological characters and identification keys allow identification of bees to genus level. Natural history enthusiasts, professional and amateur entomologists and beekeepers will find this an essential guide.

scholarly journals Bionomic aspects of the Anopheles subpictus species complex in Sri Lanka

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pavillupillai J. Jude ◽  
Ranjan Ramasamy ◽  
Sinnathamby N. Surendran
Keyword(s):  
Sri Lanka ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Anopheles Subpictus

FINANCING THE DEVELOPMENT OF MUNICIPAL ENTITIES AT DIFFERENT LIFE CYCLE STAGES: PUBLIC AND PRIVATE RESOURCES

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (3) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
T.Yu. Altufyeva ◽  
◽  
P.A. Ivanov ◽  
G.R. Sakhapova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Life Cycle Stages

Readjustment of the Standard ASUDAS to Encompass Dental Morphological Variations in Plio-Pleistocene Hominins

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 32-48
Author(s):  
M. Louail ◽  
S. Prat
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Homo Sapiens ◽  
Initial Study ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
State University ◽  
Arizona State University ◽  
Dental Anthropology ◽  
Morphological Variations ◽  
Fossil Hominins ◽  
Fossil Hominin

The standard ASUDAS scoring system (Arizona State University Dental Anthropology System) is used to assess dental morphological variations in modern humans. It is also frequently used to study, score, and compare morphological variations in fossil hominin taxa and to examine their phylogenetic relationships. However, using ASUDAS in studies of this type is under debate because it is based on modern Homo sapiens populations and does not appear to cover all variations observed in fossil Plio-Pleistocene homi- nins. Our observations and coding of 178 dentals casts of Plio-Pleistocene specimens based on ASUDAS and from the literature have confirmed the need to adapt the standard system to fossil hominins. In this initial study, we propose that the scoring procedures for some morphological characters need to be readjusted, while others could be standardized following the ASUDAS system.

scholarly journals COMPETITIVE EFFECTS OF THE ALIEN INVASIVE CENTAUREA SOLSTITIALISL. ON TWO CHILEAN BACCHARIS SPECIES AT DIFFERENT LIFE-CYCLE STAGES

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Gómez-González ◽  
Lohengrin A Cavieres ◽  
Patricio Torres ◽  
Cristian Torres-Díaz
Keyword(s):  
Life Cycle ◽  
Competitive Effects ◽  
Life Cycle Stages
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