scholarly journals Continued Susceptibility of the wMel Wolbachia Infection in Aedes aegypti to Heat Stress Following Field Deployment and Selection

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 78 ◽  
Author(s):  
Perran Ross ◽  
Ary Hoffmann
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
High Temperatures ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Field Exposure ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Laboratory Selection ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Field Deployment ◽  
Cyclical Heat

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with the wMel strain of Wolbachia are being deployed to control the spread of arboviruses around the world through blockage of viral transmission. Blockage by Wolbachia in some scenarios may be affected by the susceptibility of wMel to cyclical heat stress during mosquito larval development. We therefore evaluated the potential to generate a heat-resistant strain of wMel in Ae. aegypti through artificial laboratory selection and through exposure to field temperatures across multiple generations. To generate an artificially selected strain, wMel-infected females reared under cyclical heat stress were crossed to wMel-infected males reared at 26 °C. The low proportion of larvae that hatched founded the next generation, and this process was repeated for eight generations. The wMel heat-selected strain (wMel-HS) was similar to wMel (unselected) in its ability to induce cytoplasmic incompatibility and restore compatibility when larvae were reared under cyclical heat stress, but wMel-HS adults exhibited reduced Wolbachia densities at 26 °C. To investigate the effects of field exposure, we compared the response of wMel-infected Ae. aegypti collected from Cairns, Australia where the infection has been established for seven years, to a wMel-infected population maintained in the laboratory for approximately 60 generations. Field and laboratory strains of wMel did not differ in their response to cyclical heat stress or in their phenotypic effects at 26 °C. The capacity for the wMel infection in Ae. aegypti to adapt to high temperatures therefore appears limited, and alternative strains may need to be considered for deployment in environments where high temperatures are regularly experienced in mosquito breeding sites.

scholarly journals Multi-Omic Analysis of Symbiotic Bacteria Associated With Aedes aegypti Breeding Sites

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine D. Mosquera ◽  
Luis E. Martinez Villegas ◽  
Sacha J. Pidot ◽  
Chinhda Sharif ◽  
Sven Klimpel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Gravid Female ◽  
Breeding Site ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Potential Contribution ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

Mosquito breeding sites are complex aquatic environments with wide microbial diversity and physicochemical parameters that can change over time during the development of immature insect stages. Changes in biotic and abiotic conditions in water can alter life-history traits of adult mosquitos but this area remains understudied. Here, using microbial genomic and metabolomics analyses, we explored the metabolites associated with Aedes aegypti breeding sites as well as the potential contribution of Klebsiella sp., symbiotic bacteria highly associated with mosquitoes. We sought to address whether breeding sites have a signature metabolic profile and understand the metabolite contribution of the bacteria in the aquatic niches where Ae. aegypti larvae develop. An analysis of 32 mosquito-associated bacterial genomes, including Klebsiella, allowed us to identify gene clusters involved in primary metabolic pathways. From them, we inferred metabolites that could impact larval development (e.g., spermidine), as well as influence the quality assessment of a breeding site by a gravid female (e.g., putrescine), if produced by bacteria in the water. We also detected significant variance in metabolite presence profiles between water samples representing a decoupled oviposition event (oviposition by single females and manually deposited eggs) versus a control where no mosquito interactions occurred (PERMANOVA: p < 0.05; R2 = 24.64% and R2 = 30.07%). Five Klebsiella metabolites were exclusively linked to water samples where oviposition and development occurred. These data suggest metabolomics can be applied to identify compounds potentially used by female Ae. aegypti to evaluate the quality of a breeding site. Elucidating the physiological mechanisms by which the females could integrate these sensory cues while ovipositing constitutes a growing field of interest, which could benefit from a more depurated list of candidate molecules.

scholarly journals MAYA INDEX DAN KEPADATAN LARVA AEDES AEGYPTI ANTARA DUSUN TEGALREJO DAN DUSUN KRAJAN KIDUL NANGGUNGAN PACITAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 199
Author(s):  
Yelly Atiefsa Narmala ◽  
R. Azizah
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Dengue Fever ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Descriptive Approach ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Dengue fever remains a public health problem. Environmental factors influence the mosquito Aedes aegypti’s growth, especially if there are many containers in the neighborhood. The community of Nanggungan Village have a habit of storing water in containers, therefore, they risk to become breeding sites for mosquitoes. This study aims to identify the Maya Index status of Aedes aegypti between Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village. The research was observational with a cross-sectional design. Total samples were 200 homes, which 100 homes from Tegalrejo and 100 homes from Krajan Kidul Village, taken by simple random sampling. The measurement of variables employed observation sheet and analyzed in a descriptive approach. The number of containers observed in the Tegalrejo Village was 394 units, and Karajan Kidul Village was 391 units. Maya Index statuses in Tegalrejo (92%) and Krajan Kidul Village (88%) were low. Maya Index status in Krajan Kidul (13%) was higher than Tegalrejo Village (8%). House Index (HI) in the Tegalrejo (18.0%) was lower than Krajan Kidul Village (25.0%), Container Index in Tegalrejo (5.30%) was lower than in Krajan Kidul Village (8.95%), Breteau Index in Tegalrejo (21.0%) was lower than in Krajan Kidul Village (35.0%), Density Figure in Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village indicated a scale of 3 and 4. Based on the MI’s status, Tegalrejo and Krajan Kidul Village were included as a low-risk category of mosquito breeding sites. Based on the density number of larvae, two villages have a moderate risk of Dengue Fever transmission. The community should implement the Mosquitoes Breeding Sites Eradication Program (PSN 3M Plus) and minimize the presence of the containers.

scholarly journals Surveilans Aedes aegypti di Daerah Endemis Demam Berdarah Dengue

2014 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 423
Author(s):  
Sunaryo Sunaryo ◽  
Nova Pramestuti
Keyword(s):  
High Risk ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Health Problem ◽  
Haemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Cross Sectional Design

Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena masih menjadi masalah kesehatan di Indonesia dan di beberapa daerah masih sering terjadi kejadian luar biasa. Di Jawa Tengah, kasus DBD cenderung meningkat setiap tahunnya terutama pada tahun 2012. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis parameter entomologi dan menggambarkan jenis tempat penampungan air. Penelitian dilakukan di Kabupaten Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal dan Kota Semarang pada bulan Juni - Oktober 2013 desain potong lintang. Survei jentik dilakukan untuk melihat keberadaan tempat penampungan air pada 100 rumah. Masing-masing kabupaten dipilih tiga lokasi desa endemis DBD. Hasil survei digunakan untuk menghitung nilai parameter entomologi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meningkatnya kasus DBD di empat kabupaten/kota terkait dengan keberadaan vektor A. aegypti. Hal ini dibuktikan dengan masih tingginya persentase jumlah rumah yang ditemukan jentik A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) serta tingginya jumlah kontainer ditemukan jentik A. aegypti pada rumah yang dilakukan survei (Breteau Index). Nilai ovitrap index paling tinggi di Desa Kalikabong Kabupaten Purbalingga sebesar 40%. Proporsi controllable site lebih banyak daripada disposable site, berarti rumah tersebut berisiko tinggi sebagai tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk.Dengue Haemorrhagic Fever (DHF) needs serious attention because it is still a health problem in Indonesia and in recent area DHF caused outbreak. In Central Java, incidence of DHF high every years, especially in 2012. This study aimed to analyze the parameters of entomology and describe types of containers. The study was conducted in Grobogan, Purbalingga, Kendal District and Semarang City in June _ October 2013 with cross-sectional design. Larvae survey had been done in 100 houses in three villages that endemic DHF at every district/city. The survey results are used to calculate parameter entomology. The results showed that existance of DHF cases in four district/city connected with the population of A. aegypti. This matter proved with high percentage of houses that found A. aegypti (House Index > 10%) and the high of container that containing A. aegypti in every houses (Breteau Index). The high of ovitrap index (OI) was 40% in Kalikabong village, Purbalingga district. The proportion of controllable sites more than disposable sites, meaning the house as the high risk of mosquito breeding sites. 

scholarly journals Indeks Entomologi dan Sebaran Vektor Demam Berdarah Dengue di Provinsi Maluku Utara Tahun 2015

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 279-288
Author(s):  
Dian Perwitasari ◽  
Roy Nusa RES ◽  
Jusniar Ariati
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Aedes Albopictus ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Risk Category ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
The North ◽  
Medium Risk ◽  
Mosquito Breeding

One effort in controlling the Aedes aegypti mosquito is to find out the breeding place. Until now it is known that the breeding sites of Aedes aegypti are found in urban areas, therefore the purpose of this study is to determine the  potential for breeding of Aedes aegypti mosquito and entomology index in urban areas. The study was conducted in 2015 using a cross-sectional method. The results showed that the container with positively Aedes aegypti larvae was found in all three districts, Ternate at 29.6%, Tidore Kepulauan at 28.5% and East Halmahera at 29.0%. The entomology index of Container Index (CI) was (29.5%), House Index (HI) was 35.3% and Breteau Index (BI) was 69.2%, while larva free number was 64.7%. From the results of this study, it was concluded that Aedes aegypti larvae mostly found in bathtub inside the house. Tubs and plastic buckets were the type of container that were found with most positively larvae. The average ldengue vector arvae density based on CI, HI and BI (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus) in the three districts / cities in North Maluku Province scale was 5-8 and included in the medium risk category. This showed that the entomology index in the North Maluku region was still low. Monitoring of the spread of mosquito breeding sites in all parts of Indonesia is still needed to reduce cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF). Abstrak Salah satu upaya dalam pengendalian nyamuk Aedes aegypti adalah dengan mengetahui tempat perkembangbiakannya. Hingga saat ini diketahui bahwa tempat perkembangbiakan Aedes aegypti banyak ditemukan di daerah perkotaan, oleh sebab itu tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui potensi perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes aegypti dan indeks entomologi di daerah perkotaan. Penelitian dilakukan pada tahun 2015 dengan menggunakan metode potong lintang. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kontainer dengan positif jentik Aedes aegypti ditemukan di ketiga kabupaten yaitu Ternate sebesar 29,6%, Tidore Kepulauan sebesar 28,5%, dan Halmahera Timur sebesar 29,0%. Indeks entomologi Container Index (CI) sebesar (29,5%), House Index (HI) sebesar 35,3% dan Breteau Index (BI) sebesar 69,2%, sedangkan Angka Bebas Jentik sebesar 64,7%. Dari hasil penelitian ini didapatkan kesimpulan bahwa bak mandi yang berada di dalam rumah paling banyak ditemukan jentik Aedes aegypti. Jenis kontainer yang paling banyak ditemukan positif jentik yaitu pada bak mandi dan ember plastik. Rata-rata kepadatan jentik vektor dengue (Aedes aegypti dan Aedes albopictus) berbasis CI, HI, dan BI di ketiga kabupaten/kota di Provinsi Maluku Utara skala 5-8 dan termasuk dalam kategori risiko sedang. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa indeks entomologi di wilayah Maluku Utara masih rendah, sehingga masih diperlukan pemantauan sebaran tempat perkembangbiakan nyamuk di seluruh wilayah Indonesia untuk mengurangi kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD).

Determinan Penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) di Desa Baka Kecamatan Tinangkung Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Maria Kanan ◽  
Bambang Dwicahya
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Regional Government ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Dengue Disease ◽  
Community Behavior ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Biological Environment ◽  
The Village ◽  
Breeding Place

Tujuan penelitian untuk memperoleh gambaran determinan penyakit Demam Berdarah Dengue di Desa Baka Kecamatan Tinangkung Kabupaten Banggai Kepulauan Tahun 2019. Jenis penelitian ini adalah Deskriptif. Populasi dalam penelitian ini ada seluruh rumah yang ada di Desa Baka berjumlah 657 rumah. Besar sampel berjumlah 250 sampel. Hasil penelitian menunjukan lingkungan fisik dikategorikan berisiko terhadap kejadian penyakit DBD disebabkan kelembaban udara di Desa Baka sangat berpotensi terhadap perkembangbiakan nyamuk Aedes aegypti; lingkungan biologi diperoleh gambaran sangat berisiko terhadap kejadian penyakit DBD karena pada umumnya di Desa Baka memiliki tempat perindukan dan adanya jentik nyamuk Aedes aegypti.  Berdasarkan perilaku masyarakat seperti: kebiasaan menggantung pakaian, kebiasaan tidur siang, kebiasaan membersihkan TPA dan kebiasaan membersihkan halamam rumah, dikategorikan berisiko karena sebagian besar masyarakat masih melakukan perilaku atau kebiasaan yang dapat memberikan peluang nyamuk Aedes aegypti berkembang biak sebagai penular agen penyakit DBD. Diharapkan pada pemerintah daerah untuk mengaktifkan kembali jumat bersih. bagi instansi terkait untuk lebih meningkatkan pelaksanaan penyuluhan tentang kebersihan lingkungan, pemberantasan sarang nyamuk dan pemberian abate pada tempat-tempat penampungan air. Kepada pemeritah kecamatan untuk dapat mengaktifkan kembali petugas Juru Pemantau Jentik (JUMANTIK) di Desa minimal seminggu sekali mengingat perkembangan nyamuk dari telur menjadi jentik membutuhkan waktu kurang lebih 7 hari. The purpose of this study was to obtain a picture of the determinants of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever in Baka Village, Tinangkung District, Banggai Kepulauan Regency in 2019. This type of research is descriptive. The population in this study were all houses in the village of Baka totaling 657 houses. Sample size is 250 samples. The results of the study showed that the physical environment was at risk for the incidence of dengue fever due to air humidity in Baka Village, which had the potential to breed Aedes aegypti mosquitoes; biological environment obtained a very risky picture of the incidence of DHF because in general in the village of Baka has a breeding place and the larvae of Aedes aegypti. Based on community behavior such as: the habit of hanging clothes, the habit of taking a nap, the habit of cleaning landfill and the habit of cleaning the yard, are categorized as risky because most of the community still conducts behaviors or habits that can provide opportunities for Aedes aegypti mosquitoes to breed as infectious agents for dengue disease. It is hoped that the regional government will reactivate Friday's clean. for related institutions to further enhance the implementation of education on environmental cleanliness, eradication of mosquito breeding sites and the provision of abates in water reservoirs. To the district government to be able to reactivate the larvae monitoring officer (JUMANTIK) in the village at least once a week considering the development of mosquitoes from eggs to larvaes takes approximately 7 days.

scholarly journals Cross-Generational Effects of Heat Stress on Fitness and Wolbachia Density in Aedes aegypti Mosquitoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Jia-Hui Foo ◽  
Ary A. Hoffmann ◽  
Perran A. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Disease Transmission ◽  
Wing Length ◽  
Wolbachia Infection ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Starvation Tolerance ◽  
Generational Effects ◽  
Infection Types ◽  
Wolbachia Density

Aedes aegypti mosquitoes infected with Wolbachia symbionts are now being released into the field to control the spread of pathogenic human arboviruses. Wolbachia can spread throughout vector populations by inducing cytoplasmic incompatibility and can reduce disease transmission by interfering with virus replication. The success of this strategy depends on the effects of Wolbachia on mosquito fitness and the stability of Wolbachia infections across generations. Wolbachia infections are vulnerable to heat stress, and sustained periods of hot weather in the field may influence their utility as disease control agents, particularly if temperature effects persist across generations. To investigate the cross-generational effects of heat stress on Wolbachia density and mosquito fitness, we subjected Ae. aegypti with two different Wolbachia infection types (wMel, wAlbB) and uninfected controls to cyclical heat stress during larval development over two generations. We then tested adult starvation tolerance and wing length as measures of fitness and measured the density of wMel in adults. Both heat stress and Wolbachia infection reduced adult starvation tolerance. wMel Wolbachia density in female offspring was lower when mothers experienced heat stress, but male Wolbachia density did not depend on the rearing temperature of the previous generation. We also found cross-generational effects of heat stress on female starvation tolerance, but there was no cross-generational effect on wing length. Fitness costs of Wolbachia infections and cross-generational effects of heat stress on Wolbachia density may reduce the ability of Wolbachia to invade populations and control arbovirus transmission under specific environmental conditions.

scholarly journals Zika virus in Brazil: an overview of public health policies

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. e4597
Author(s):  
Heverton Valentim Colaço Da Silva ◽  
Almerinda Agrelli ◽  
Ana Sofia Lima Estevão De Oliveira ◽  
Ronald Rodrigues De Moura ◽  
Sergio Crovella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Zika Virus ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
The State ◽  
Health Policies ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Public Health Policies ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Primary Focus

Objective: The purpose of this review was to discuss the effectiveness of public health policies in controlling Zika virus (ZIKV) in Brazil from 2015 to 2019 with an emphasis in the state of Pernambuco. Literature Review: Zika virus is an arbovirus primarily transmitted to humans by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. Since 2015, the control of Aedes aegypti proliferation and diffusion has been a global subject of discussion due to its role in ZIKV transmission and the emergence of serious clinical symptoms resulting from this infection. In Brazil, the public policies established to control ZIKV outbreak were mostly based on vector control. Final Considerations: The coping model to manage the transmission vector of ZIKV is not showing to be effective.  Furthermore, until the social factors that favor the development and maintenance of mosquito breeding sites are eradicated, Brazil will continue to be susceptible to new outbreaks of mosquito-driven arboviruses. Here, we discussed the effectiveness of public health policies for the control of ZIKV in Brazil from 2015 to 2019, with a primary focus on the state of Pernambuco (PE).

scholarly journals Indikator Entomologi dan Status Resistensi Jentik dan Nyamuk Aedes Aegypti Terhadap Insektisida Rumah Tangga Di Tiga Kabupaten/Kota di Provinsi Sumatera Barat

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 97-106
Author(s):  
Dian Perwitasari
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Hemorrhagic Fever ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
High Data ◽  
Breeding Habitats ◽  
West Sumatra ◽  
Mosquito Breeding ◽  
Descriptive Method

Abstract High data on cases of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF) every year is the reason for continuing to monitor the breeding sites of Aedes sp., to knowing  entomological indicators, and identifying the level used of resistance of insecticides The aim of the study was to observed entomological indicators, the presence of larvae in mosquito breeding sites and insecticide resistance to adult mosquitoes. This study uses a multicenter descriptive method with a cross-sectional approach. Data collection was carried out in 2015 in three districts/cities (Padang, Bukit Tinggi, and Pesisir Selatan) of West Sumatra Province. The results of the entomological indicators monitored are still in the moderate category. Mosquito breeding habitats including controllable containers with larvae positive containers so that the potential as a source of transmission is 90.27% and disposable containers  which contain positive larvae of 9.94%. Insecticides used by the community, deltamethrin still showed the results of susceptible and alphacypermethrin conditions showing tolerance, whereas malathion, lamdacyhalothrin, and cypermethrin were resistant. The results of the temephos test as a larvacide used for the elimination of larvae are resistant to occur in two districts, namely Pesisir Selatan and Bukit Tinggi. Regular monitoring is needed in mosquito breeding habitats and encourages people to always care about environmental cleanliness. It is also necessary to look for alternative insecticides that are safe for the community. Abstrak Data kasus Demam Berdarah Dengue (DBD) yang tinggi setiap tahun menjadi alasan untuk terus melakukan pemantauan tempat perindukan nyamuk Aedes sp., mengetahui indikator entomologi, dan mengidentifikasi tingkat resistensi insektisida yang digunakan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengidentifikasi indikator entomologi, keberadaan jentik di tempat perindukan nyamuk, dan resistensi insektisida terhadap jentik maupun nyamuk dewasa. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan potong lintang. Pengumpulan data dilakukan pada tahun 2015 di tiga kabupaten/kota (Padang, Bukit Tinggi, dan pesisir selatan) Provinsi Sumatera Barat. Hasil penelitian untuk indikator entomologi yang dipantau masih dalam kategori sedang. Habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk yang termasuk controllable containers dengan kontainer positif jentik sehingga berpotensi sebagai sumber penularan sebesar 90,27% dan dispossable containers  yang positif jentik sebesar 9,94%. Insektisida yang digunakan oleh masyarakat, deltamethrin masih menunjukkan hasil rentan dan alphacypermethrin menunjukan toleran, sedangkan malathion, lamdacyhalothrin dan cypermethrin sudah resisten. Hasil uji temephos sebagai larvasida yang digunakan untuk pengendalian jentik sudah resisten terjadi di dua kabupaten yaitu Pesisir Selatan dan Bukit Tinggi. Diperlukan pemantauan berkala di habitat perkembangbiakan nyamuk dan mendorong masyarakat untuk selalu peduli terhadap kebersihan lingkungan. Diperlukan juga mencari alternatif insektisida yang aman untuk masyarakat.

scholarly journals Aedes aegypti breeding ecology in Guerrero: cross-sectional study of mosquito breeding sites from the baseline for the Camino Verde trial in Mexico

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Arcadio Morales-Pérez ◽  
Elizabeth Nava-Aguilera ◽  
Alejandro Balanzar-Martínez ◽  
Antonio Juan Cortés-Guzmán ◽  
David Gasga-Salinas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Breeding Ecology ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Breeding Sites ◽  
Camino Verde ◽  
Mosquito Breeding
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