scholarly journals Heat Coma Temperature and Supercooling Point in Oceanic Sea Skaters (Heteroptera, Gerridae)

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuo Harada
Keyword(s):  
Supercooling Point

Study on the physiology of diapause, cold hardiness and supercooling point of overwintering pupae of the pistachio fruit hull borer, Arimania comaroffi

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (7) ◽  
pp. 897-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marjan Bemani ◽  
Hamzeh Izadi ◽  
Kamran Mahdian ◽  
Abbas Khani ◽  
Mohammad Amin samih
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Supercooling Point

scholarly journals Climatic Variation of Supercooling Point in the Linden Bug Pyrrhocoris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae)

Insects ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomáš Ditrich ◽  
Václav Janda ◽  
Hana Vaněčková ◽  
David Doležel
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Minimum Temperature ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Climatic Variation ◽  
Strongly Correlated ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Pyrrhocoris Apterus ◽  
Winter Minimum Temperature ◽  
Different Populations ◽  
Insect Fitness

Cold tolerance is often one of the key components of insect fitness, but the association between climatic conditions and supercooling capacity is poorly understood. We tested 16 lines originating from geographically different populations of the linden bug Pyrrhocoris apterus for their cold tolerance, determined as the supercooling point (SCP). The supercooling point was generally well explained by the climatic conditions of the population’s origin, as the best predictor—winter minimum temperature—explained 85% of the average SCP variation between populations. The supercooling capacity of P. apterus is strongly correlated with climatic conditions, which support the usage of SCP as an appropriate metric of cold tolerance in this species.

scholarly journals Supercooling Differences in the Eastern Subterranean Termite (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 525-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian J. Cabrera ◽  
Shripat T. Kamble
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Reticulitermes Flavipes ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Subterranean Termite ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Ice Nucleators ◽  
Laboratory Workers ◽  
Eastern Subterranean Termite ◽  
Termite Hindgut

Supercooling points were determined for untreated field-collected and untreated laboratory-maintained Reticulitermes flavipes (Kollar) workers and soldiers. Workers treated with antibiotics or had their hindgut-protozoa removed by exposing them to oxygen under pressure to determine the effects of absence of the hindgut fauna on supercooling. Supercooling points were compared between live and freshly-killed workers to determine whether supercooling in this species might be simply due to the biochemical properties of body fluids. Laboratory-maintained workers were also subjected to desiccation, starvation, or atmospheric pressure to determine their effects on supercooling. Supercooling points were lowest for laboratory workers treated with antibiotics and those that fed on brown paper-toweling for 7 d. Untreated field-collected workers had significantly higher supercooling points than untreated laboratory-maintained workers (−6.06 ± 0.79°C vs −9.29 ± 2.38°C, P < 0.0001). Both untreated field-collected and laboratory soldiers had significantly lower supercooling points than their respective workers (−7.39 ± 2.01°C vs −6.06 ± 0.79°C, P < 0.0001; and −11.60 ± 2.53°C vs −9.29 ± 2.38°C, P< 0.0001, respectively). There was no significant association between termite body mass and supercooling points for both laboratory and field termites (P= 0.0523 and P = 0.6242) or water content of laboratory termites and supercooling points (P = 0.1425). Defaunated workers had significantly lower supercooling points (−10.34 ± 2.38°C) than normally faunated workers (−9.48 ± 1.85°C)(P= 0.0095) suggesting that the symbiotic fauna may have higher supercooling points and act as ice nucleators in the termite hindgut. Starved and desiccated workers had significantly lower supercooling points (−10.38 ± 2.70°C and −10.39 ± 2.38°C, respectively) than their corresponding control groups (−9.87 ± 2.11°C and −9.89 ± 1.94°C; P = 0.0454; P = 0.0234, respectively) and untreated workers (−9.29 ± 2.38°C; P= 0.0021; P= 0.0011) suggesting that some forms of physical stress might lower the supercooling point.

Cold tolerance of the pupae in relation to the distribution of swallowtail butterflies

1991 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3028-3037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olga Kukal ◽  
Matthew P. Ayres ◽  
J. Mark Scriber
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Butterfly Species ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Papilio Canadensis ◽  
Winter Temperatures ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Swallowtail Butterflies ◽  
Steep Decline ◽  
The Difference

A steep decline in the diversity of swallowtail butterfly species at high latitudes could be due to limited cold tolerance of overwintering pupae. If this is so, species with unusually northerly distributions should be unusually cold tolerant. We compared the northerly distributed Papilio canadensis with its southern relative, P. glaucus. Pupae were exposed for 2–5 months to four acclimatization treatments: outdoors in Alaska, outdoors in Michigan, constant 5 °C, and constant −25 °C. Field temperatures encountered by pupae in Alaska were lower than in Michigan. The supercooling point of P. glaucus pupae was unaffected by acclimatization (mean ± SE= −23.5 ± 0.52 °C). The supercooling point of P. canadensis pupae did not differ from that of P. glaucus pupae, except following acclimatization in Alaska, when it dropped to −27.0 ± 0.55 °C. Survival of pupae in Michigan was high for all populations (70–90%); in Alaska, survival of P. canadensis was just as high, but survival of P. glaucus dropped to 14%. Freezing was usually fatal in both species, but death was not immediate. No pupae survived 6 weeks at −25 °C. Trehalose was the most conspicuous metabolite revealed by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of live pupae and hemolymph. Labelled glucose was metabolized differently by the two species, which may underly the difference in acclimation potential and cold tolerance. The results support the hypothesis that winter temperatures limit swallowtail distributions.

Studies on insect dormancy. II. Relationship of cold-hardiness to diapause and quiescence in the eastern tent caterpillar, Malacosoma americanum (Fab.), (Lasiocampidae: Lepidoptera)

1974 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 629-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ajai Mansingh
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Physiological Adaptation ◽  
Malacosoma Americanum ◽  
Glycerol Content ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Mature Embryos ◽  
Glycerol Level ◽  
Carbohydrate Level ◽  
Cold Tolerant ◽  
Tent Caterpillar

Studies were conducted on the relationship between levels of glycerol and carbohydrates, supercooling points, and the relative abilities of diapausing and developing eggs and of larval instars of Malacosoma americanum to withstand various periods of chilling at 5° and −15 °C.Diapause in the mature embryos was associated with very high glycerol content (112 mg/g), low carbohydrate level (13 mg/g), and the ability to supercool to −35 °C. During diapause termination, the glycerol level was reduced lo 11 mg/g with a slight rise only in carbohydrate level while the supercooling point was raised to −14 °C. When quiescence was induced in the larvae by chilling them at 5 °C for 1 to 7 weeks, their wet weights and carbohydrate and glycerol contents decreased gradually. However, the supercooling point remained constant around −14 °C.Diapausing embryos could survive several weeks of chilling at −15° and 5 °C. However, only a few weeks of exposure to 5 °C was fatal to quiescent larvae.It is concluded that there is a direct relationship between glycerol content, supercooling points, and the relative abilities of developing and diapausing stages of the tent caterpillar to withstand low temperatures. The developing stages were naturally "cold-tolerant" with the ability to supercool to −14 °C and survive a few weeks of quiescence at 5 °C, which is well below their range of physiological adaptation. Induction of diapause enhanced the supercooling ability and increased cold-hardiness in the mature embryos.

Effect of parasitism by Anaphes sp. (Hymenoptera: Mymaridae) on the cold hardiness of Listronotus oregonensis (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) eggs

1993 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 759-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thierry Hance ◽  
Guy Boivin
Keyword(s):  
Low Temperature ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Local Extinction ◽  
Short Photoperiod ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Listronotus Oregonensis ◽  
Overwintering Site

The cold hardiness of egg parasitoids is critical to their survival in winter because these organisms have little control in the choice of their overwintering site. The supercooling points of Listronotus oregonensis eggs increased from −24.9 to −22.1 °C as eggs matured. When these eggs were parasitized by Anaphes sp., their supercooling point remained stable at −22.9 °C throughout the development of the parasitoid. Anaphes sp. maintained its cold hardiness by increasing its levels of glycerol and fructose. When the parental generation was exposed to a combination of low temperature and short photoperiod, the supercooling point of the daughter generation (F1) was significantly decreased. A further decrease in the supercooling point was observed when F1 individuals were stored at 3 °C for 14 or 20 days. These data show that local extinction of populations overwintering in nonsheltered habitats is probably common in southwestern Quebec.

Study on Supercooling Point and Freezing Point in Floral Organs of Apricot

2007 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 1330-1335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qing-rui MENG ◽  
Yin-quan LIANG ◽  
Wen-feng WANG ◽  
Shao-hua DU ◽  
Yan-hui LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Freezing Point ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Floral Organs

scholarly journals Winter is coming: cold hardiness attributes of a field population of the potato tuberworm Phthorimaea operculella

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanos S Andreadis ◽  
Yianna Poulia ◽  
Sofia Noukari ◽  
Barbara Aslanidou ◽  
Matilda Savopoulou-Soultani
Keyword(s):  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Phthorimaea Operculella ◽  
Field Population ◽  
Freezing Injury ◽  
Winter Mortality ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Potato Tuberworm

The potato tuberworm, Phthorimaea operculella (Zeller) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a worldwide pest of solanaceous crops especially devastating to potatoes. In the present study we investigated the cold hardiness profile of short-term acclimated and non-acclimated immature and adult stages of a field population of P. operculella. Late instars displayed the lowest mean supercooling point, for both short-term acclimated and non-acclimated individuals, however, no significant differences were observed among developmental stages. Unlike supercooling capacity, acclimation at 5 oC for 5 days enhanced the ability to survive at subzero temperatures after a 2 h exposure. Mean lethal temperature (LTemp50) of all developmental stages (egg, late instar, pupa and adult) decreased after short-term acclimation, however only adults displayed a significant difference among acclimated and non-acclimated individuals concerning their LTemp50 (-11.1 and -8.3 oC, respectively). Generally, pupae were the most cold tolerant developmental stage followed in decreasing order by the eggs and adults, while interestingly late instars were the least ones. Non-freezing injury above the supercooling point was well documented for all developmental stages indicating a pre-freeze mortality and suggesting that P. operculella is considered to be chill tolerant rather than freeze intolerant. Nevertheless, given its high degree of cold hardiness, winter mortality of P. operculella due to low temperatures is not likely to occur and potential pest outbreak can take place following a mild winter.

scholarly journals Overwintering, Cold Tolerance and Supercooling Capacity Comparison Between Liriomyza Sativae and L. Trifolii, Two Successively Invaded Leafminers in China

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qikai Zhang ◽  
Shengyong Wu ◽  
Haihong Wang ◽  
Zhonglong Xing ◽  
Zhongren Lei
Keyword(s):  
Cold Tolerance ◽  
Southern China ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Competitive Displacement ◽  
Expansion Process ◽  
Supercooling Point ◽  
Liriomyza Sativae ◽  
Horticultural Plants ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Liriomyza sativae Blanchard and Liriomyza trifolii (Burgess) are two highly polyphagous pests that successively invaded China in the 1990s and 2000s, respectively, threatening vegetable and horticultural plants. Competitive displacement of L. sativae by L. trifolii occurred during the expansion process of the latter in southern China. However, whether L. trifolii can expand their range to northern China and, if so, how they compete with L. sativae in northern China remains unclear. Overwintering and cold tolerance capacity largely determine the species distribution range and can affect species displacement through overwintering and phenology. In this study, we compared the overwintering potential, cold tolerance and supercooling point (SCP) between these two leafminer species. Our results showed that L. trifolii can overwinter at higher altitudes than L. sativae. In addition, we found that they can both successfully overwinter in greenhouses in northern China, and the overwintering capacity of L. trifolii was higher than that of L. sativae. Moreover, the extreme low-temperature survival of L. trifolii was significantly higher than that of L. sativae, and the SCP of the former was lower than that of the latter. We thus conclude that the overwintering and cold tolerance capacity of L. trifolii is much better than that of L. sativae. Our findings indicate that L. trifolii has the potential to displace L. sativae and expand its range to northern China. Moreover, our results have important implications for predicting overwinter ranges and developing management strategies for invasive leafminers in China.

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