scholarly journals New Cytogenetic Photomap and Molecular Diagnostics for the Cryptic Species of the Malaria Mosquitoes Anopheles messeae and Anopheles daciae from Eurasia

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 835
Author(s):  
Gleb N. Artemov ◽  
Valentina S. Fedorova ◽  
Dmitriy A. Karagodin ◽  
Ilya I. Brusentsov ◽  
Elina M. Baricheva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cryptic Species ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inversion Polymorphism ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Cytogenetic Map ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Single Location ◽  
Anopheles Daciae ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes

The Eurasian malaria vector Anopheles messeae is a widely spread and genetically diverse species. Five widespread polymorphic chromosomal inversions were found in natural populations of this mosquito. A cryptic species, Anopheles daciae, was differentiated from An. messeae by the presence of several nucleotide substitutions in the Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 (ITS2) region of ribosomal DNA. However, because of the absence of a high-quality reference cytogenetic map, the inversion polymorphisms in An. daciae and An. messeae remain poorly understood. Moreover, a recently determined heterogeneity in ITS2 in An. daciae questioned the accuracy of the previously used Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) assay for species diagnostics. In this study, a standard-universal cytogenetic map was constructed based on orcein stained images of chromosomes from salivary glands for population studies of the chromosomal inversions that can be used for both An. messeae and An. daciae. In addition, a new ITS2-RFLP approach for species diagnostics was developed. Both methods were applied to characterize inversion polymorphism in populations of An. messeae and An. daciae from a single location in Western Siberia in Russia. The analysis demonstrates that cryptic species are remarkably different in their frequencies of chromosomal inversion variants. Our study supports previous observations that An. messeae has higher inversion polymorphism in all autosomes than the cryptic species An. daciae.

scholarly journals Chromosome and Genome Divergence between the Cryptic Eurasian Malaria Vector-Species Anopheles messeae and Anopheles daciae

Genes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anastasia N. Naumenko ◽  
Dmitriy A. Karagodin ◽  
Andrey A. Yurchenko ◽  
Anton V. Moskaev ◽  
Olga I. Martin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Malaria Vector ◽  
Its2 Region ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Chromosome Inversions ◽  
Genome Wide ◽  
Genome Divergence ◽  
Incomplete Reproductive Isolation

Chromosomal inversions are important drivers of genome evolution. The Eurasian malaria vector Anopheles messeae has five polymorphic inversions. A cryptic species, An. daciae, has been discriminated from An. messeae based on five fixed nucleotide substitutions in the internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA. However, the inversion polymorphism in An. daciae and the genome divergence between these species remain unexplored. In this study, we sequenced the ITS2 region and analyzed the inversion frequencies of 289 Anopheles larvae specimens collected from three locations in the Moscow region. Five individual genomes for each of the two species were sequenced. We determined that An. messeae and An. daciae differ from each other by the frequency of polymorphic inversions. Inversion X1 was fixed in An. messeae but polymorphic in An. daciae populations. The genome sequence comparison demonstrated genome-wide divergence between the species, especially pronounced on the inversion-rich X chromosome (mean Fst = 0.331). The frequency of polymorphic autosomal inversions was higher in An. messeae than in An. daciae. We conclude that the X chromosome inversions play an important role in the genomic differentiation between the species. Our study determined that An. messeae and An. daciae are closely related species with incomplete reproductive isolation.

scholarly journals INVERSION POLYMORPHISM OF NATURAL POPULATIONS ANOPHELES BEKLEMISHEVI STEGNII ET KABANOVA IN WESTERN SIBERIA

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Soboleva ◽  
◽  
V.S. Fedorova ◽  
V.A. Burlak ◽  
M.V. Sharakhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
X Chromosome ◽  
Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
West Siberia ◽  
Inversion Polymorphism ◽  
Malaria Mosquitoes ◽  
And Inversion ◽  
First Time ◽  
Anopheles Beklemishevi

The geographical distribution and inversion polymorphism of malaria mosquitoes Anopheles beklemishevi Stegnii et Kabanova in the West Siberia were investigated. X chromosome homozygous cytotypes were defined by fluorescent in situ hybridization of microdissected DNA-probe, labeling the breakpoints region of X chromosome inversions. For the first time the samples, which are homozygous and hemizygous by inversions X1 и X2 were detected. Cytotypes representation and frequencies have not differences between northern and southern (Altay) population of the malaria mosquitoes.

scholarly journals Population genetics of Drosophila ananassae: genetic differentiation among Indian natural populations at the level of inversion polymorphism

2007 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 191-199 ◽  
Author(s):  
PRANVEER SINGH ◽  
B. N. SINGH
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Chromosomal Polymorphism ◽  
Inversion Polymorphism ◽  
Drosophila Ananassae ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Important Conclusion ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Comprehensive Manner ◽  
Different Parts

SummaryThe present study, which is one of the longest temporal (two decades) and largest spatial (different parts of India covered) investigations on inversion polymorphism in natural populations of D. ananassae, was undertaken to understand the dynamics of inversion polymorphism in a broad and comprehensive manner. Forty-five natural populations from different ecogeographic regions of the country (covering the regions from Kashmir to Kanniyakumari and Gujarat to Nagaland) were analysed for chromosomal inversions. All the populations show the presence of the three cosmopolitan inversions, frequencies of which vary among the populations analysed. Simple correlations between frequencies of different inversions and regression analysis of inversion frequencies with latitude, longitude and altitude were insignificant. This reinforces the concept of rigid polymorphism in D. ananassae. Genetic divergence (spatial and temporal) at the level of chromosomal polymorphism among natural populations was calculated. Results show spatial divergence but no temporal divergence. Rigid polymorphic systems of D. ananassae did not show long-term directional trends. On the basis of the present study, and after including comparisons with the studies conducted more than two decades ago, the most important conclusion to be drawn is that the three cosmopolitan inversions in D. ananassae segregate within populations at fairly similar frequencies, and the general geographic pattern has remained constant.

scholarly journals Cytogenetic differentiation between Palearctic and Nearctic populations of Chironomus plumosus L. (Diptera, Chironomidae)

Genome ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 42 (5) ◽  
pp. 797-815 ◽  
Author(s):  
Malcolm G Butler ◽  
Iya I Kiknadze ◽  
Veronica V Golygina ◽  
Jon Martin ◽  
Albina G Istomina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
High Frequency ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Inversion Polymorphism ◽  
Chironomus Plumosus ◽  
Chromosomal Banding ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
Holarctic Species

Macrogeographic patterns of polytene chromosomal banding sequences were studied in natural populations of the Holarctic species Chironomus plumosus. Of the 31 inversion sequences now known, 16 are endemic to the Palearctic, 7 are endemic to the Nearctic, and 8 are Holarctic sequences common to both zoogeographic zones. Differences in the sets of inversion sequences found on each continent, plus differing frequencies of Holarctic sequences, result in great overall divergence of karyotypes on the two continents. The karyotype of Nearctic C. plumosus differs from that of Palearctic populations primarily by the presence of a homozygous Nearctic sequence in arm A (n'plu A9), along with fixation (h'plu C2, h'plu E2, and h'plu F1), or high frequency (h'plu D2), of Holarctic sequences which are present but less frequent in the Palearctic. Although long continental isolation has led to great divergence of karyotypes on opposite sides of the Atlantic Ocean, all populations of C. plumosus show sufficient cytogenetic similarity to constitute a single Holarctic species.Key words: karyotype, inversion polymorphism, cytogenetic distances, Chironomus.

scholarly journals Satellite RNA of Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus Spreads Epidemically in Natural Populations of Its Helper Virus

1998 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 520-524 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Luis Alonso-Prados ◽  
Miguel A. Aranda ◽  
José M. Malpica ◽  
Fernando García-Arenal ◽  
Aurora Fraile
Keyword(s):  
Natural Populations ◽  
Helper Virus ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection Assay ◽  
Satellite Rna ◽  
Nucleotide Substitutions ◽  
Single Population ◽  
Cucumber Mosaic Cucumovirus ◽  
Ribonuclease Protection ◽  
Dynamics Of Populations

Three hundred thirty-eight isolates of cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), sampled from natural populations in six areas of Spain between 1989 and 1996, were screened for the presence of satellite RNA (satRNA). The frequency of CMV isolates with satRNA approached 1.00 in Valencia (east Spain) between 1990 and 1994 where a tomato necrosis epidemic induced by CMV+satRNA had started in 1986 and was smaller north and west of this area in 1992 and 1993. After 1994, satRNA almost disappeared from all CMV populations. Genetic typing of satRNA variantswas done by ribonuclease protection assay, and from these data, genetic distances were estimated for any pair of satRNA variants. CMV-satRNA populations were highly diverse, containing 0.07865 nucleotide substitutions per site on average. Data also showed that the whole compared set of 100 satRNA variants form a single population that is not structured according to place, year, host plant, or strain of helper virus (HV). This is in sharp contrast with the metapopulation structure of the Spanish CMV population. Thus, the genetic structure and dynamics of populations of CMV and its satRNA are not coupled. This shows that CMV-satRNA spreads epidemically, as a hyperparasite, in the population of its HV. This conclusion is relevant to the use of CMV-satRNA as a biocontrol agent of CMV.

scholarly journals Accumulation of P elements in minority inversions in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster

1992 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Walter F. Eanes ◽  
Cedric Wesley ◽  
Brian Charlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Model ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
P Element ◽  
P Elements ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
Associated Production ◽  
African Populations ◽  
Parameter Values

SummaryThe accumulation of a transposable element inside chromosomal inversions is examined theoretically by a mathematical model, and empirically by counts of P elements associated with inversion polymorphisms in natural populations of Drosophila melanogaster. The model demonstrates that, if heterozygosity for an inversion effectively reduces element associated production of detrimental chromosome rearrangements, a differential accumulation of elements is expected, with increased copy number inside the minority inversion. Several-fold differential accumulations are possible with certain parameter values. We present data on P element counts for inversion polymorphisms on all five chromosome arms of 157 haploid genomes from two African populations. Our observations show significantly increased numbers of elements within the regions associated with the least common, or minority arrangements, in natural inversion polymorphisms.

scholarly journals Genomic Plasticity in Natural Populations ofBordetella pertussis

1999 ◽  
Vol 181 (17) ◽  
pp. 5512-5515 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott Stibitz ◽  
Mei-Shin Yang
Keyword(s):  
Bordetella Pertussis ◽  
Gene Order ◽  
Genomic Organization ◽  
Natural Populations ◽  
Genomic Rearrangements ◽  
Genomic Plasticity ◽  
Clinical Strains ◽  
Chromosomal Inversions ◽  
General Similarity ◽  
Ofbordetella Pertussis

ABSTRACT We determined the genomic organization of 14 clinical strains ofBordetella pertussis isolated over an 18-month period in Alberta, Canada. The maps of these 14 strains, while demonstrating general similarity of gene order, display a number of examples of genomic rearrangements in the form of large chromosomal inversions.

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