scholarly journals Are There Personality Differences between Rural vs. Urban-Living Individuals of a Specialist Ground Beetle, Carabus convexus?

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (7) ◽  
pp. 646
Author(s):  
Tibor Magura ◽  
Szabolcs Mizser ◽  
Roland Horváth ◽  
Dávid D. Nagy ◽  
Mária Tóth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Biological Organization ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Urban Males ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

The world-wide, rapid urbanization is leading to substantial changes in environmental and habitat conditions. These changes, as well as disturbances accompanying urbanization have considerable effects at various levels of the biological organization on wildlife. Understanding behavioral responses to such changes is essential for identifying which organisms may successfully adapt to the altered conditions. In this study, individuals of a forest specialist ground beetle, Carabus convexus, from rural and urban forest patches were tested for their exploratory and risk-taking behavior. Beetles responded consistently in the different contexts; furthermore, by behaving consistently over time, demonstrated that they had personalities. Agglomerative cluster analysis identified two groups of behavioral traits: the exploratory and the risk-taking dimension of personality. Urban females were significantly more exploratory than urban males which can be an adaptation to find high quality food needed to mature eggs in urban habitats, as well as to select favorable microsites for oviposition. Moreover, urban females and males showed more risk-taking behavior than rural females. Urban beetles with more risk-taking behavior may be better able to cope with frequent urbanization-driven disturbance events.

scholarly journals The role of urban forest patches in maintaining isopod diversity (Oniscidea)

ZooKeys ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 801 ◽  
pp. 371-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Hornung ◽  
Andrea Kásler ◽  
Zsolt Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Dead Wood ◽  
Urban Forest ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Soil Plasticity ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Rural Sites ◽  
Habitat Generalist ◽  
Study Sites ◽  
Rarity Index

Compositional changes in natural communities associated with anthropogenic influence often lead to localised extinctions and biodiversity loss. Soil invertebrates are also threatened by urbanisation due to habitat fragmentation, vegetation changes and management, soil alteration, degradation, and disappearing shelter sites. The aim was to assess terrestrial isopod (Oniscidea) assemblages in differently degraded urban forest patches of a metropolitan area (Budapest, Hungary). Study sites were compared by their species richness, composition and the relevant background factors (soil properties, dead wood, litter characteristics, and canopy closure). The degree of urban disturbance was expressed using an urbanisation index (UI) based on built-up density and vegetation cover. The isopods were identified to species level, and were qualified by their habitat preference and naturalness index (TINI). Average Rarity Index (ARI), derived from TINIs provided information on the degree of naturalness/disturbance of each habitat. Altogether 14 isopod species were collected from 23 sample sites. Urbanisation indirectly affected on the composition of isopod assemblages through the quantity of dead wood and soil plasticity. ARIs and UIs of sample sites were negatively correlated. Urban patches harboured habitat generalist, synanthropic and established introduced species with low naturalness value of assemblages. Areas with no or low anthropogenic disturbance maintained stable native, autochthonous assemblages that were characteristic of rural sites in the region. Transitional zones between rural and urban habitats usually maintained a mixed isopod fauna consisting of both urban and rural elements.

scholarly journals Ground beetles in city forests: does urbanization predict a personality trait?

PeerJ ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. e4360 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wiebke Schuett ◽  
Berit Delfs ◽  
Richard Haller ◽  
Sarah Kruber ◽  
Simone Roolfs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ground Beetle ◽  
Ground Beetles ◽  
Exploratory Behaviour ◽  
Natural Habitats ◽  
Forest Patches ◽  
Behavioural Responses ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
First Response ◽  
Second Year ◽  
One Year

Background Urbanization leads to substantial changes in natural habitats with profound effects on wildlife. Understanding behavioural responses to such environmental change is essential for identifying which organisms may adapt, as behaviour is often the first response to altered conditions. Individuals in more urbanized habitats may be expected to be more exploratory and bolder than their conspecifics in less urbanized habitats as they may be better able to cope with novel challenges. Methods In a two-year field study we tested ground beetles from differently urbanized forests for their exploratory behaviour (in a novel environment) and their risk-taking (death-feigning). In total, we tested ca. 3,000 individuals of four forest-dwelling ground beetle species from eight within-city forest patches. In the second year, we also transferred ca. 800 tested individuals of two species to the laboratory to test for consistent behavioural differences (i.e. personality differences) under standardised conditions. Results Individuals were generally more exploratory in more urbanized than in less urbanized areas but only in one year of the study. Exploratory behaviour was not predicted by population density but increased with temperature or showed a temperature optimum. Exploration was consistent over time and individuals that were more exploratory also took higher risks. Discussion We demonstrated that species which are generally less directly exposed to human activities (e.g., most invertebrates) show behavioural responses to urbanization. Effects of urbanization were year-dependent, suggesting that other environmental conditions interacted with effects of urbanization on beetle behaviour. Furthermore, our results indicate that different personality compositions might cause behavioural differences among populations living in differently urbanized habitats.

Predicting Stock Market Performance

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Thomas Plieger ◽  
Thomas Grünhage ◽  
Éilish Duke ◽  
Martin Reuter
Keyword(s):  
Stock Market ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Life Stress ◽  
Price Volatility ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Financial Behavior ◽  
Market Simulation ◽  
Stock Market Performance ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Abstract. Gender and personality traits influence risk proneness in the context of financial decisions. However, most studies on this topic have relied on either self-report data or on artificial measures of financial risk-taking behavior. Our study aimed to identify relevant trading behaviors and personal characteristics related to trading success. N = 108 Caucasians took part in a three-week stock market simulation paradigm, in which they traded shares of eight fictional companies that differed in issue price, volatility, and outcome. Participants also completed questionnaires measuring personality, risk-taking behavior, and life stress. Our model showed that being male and scoring high on self-directedness led to more risky financial behavior, which in turn positively predicted success in the stock market simulation. The total model explained 39% of the variance in trading success, indicating a role for other factors in influencing trading behavior. Future studies should try to enrich our model to get a more accurate impression of the associations between individual characteristics and financially successful behavior in context of stock trading.

Risk-Taking Behavior Associated With Affective States

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ari B. Deutsch ◽  
Michael Koren ◽  
Rachel Moody
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Affective States ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior

Differences in Risk-Taking Behavior Between Insured and Uninsured Rural Patients

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Bryant Smalley ◽  
Jacob C. Warren ◽  
Lisa Watson-Johnson ◽  
Nikki Barefoot ◽  
Sean Fowler
Keyword(s):  
Risk Taking ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior ◽  
Rural Patients

An exploratory study of adolescent and young adult drinking and risk-taking behavior

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stacy Simonsen ◽  
Krista Fritson ◽  
Katharine A. Mcintyre ◽  
Shawna Mowrer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adult ◽  
Risk Taking ◽  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Adolescent And Young Adult ◽  
Risk Taking Behavior
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document