scholarly journals Effects of Multi-Component Backgrounds of Volatile Plant Compounds on Moth Pheromone Perception

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 409
Author(s):  
Lucie Conchou ◽  
Philippe Lucas ◽  
Nina Deisig ◽  
Elodie Demondion ◽  
Michel Renou
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Active Component ◽  
Signal Extraction ◽  
Agrotis Ipsilon ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Mixture Effects ◽  
Central Neurons ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Pheromone Perception ◽  
Plant Compounds

The volatile plant compounds (VPC) alter pheromone perception by insects but mixture effects inside insect olfactory landscapes are poorly understood. We measured the activity of receptor neurons tuned to Z7-12Ac (Z7-ORN), a pheromone component, in the antenna and central neurons in male Agrotis ipsilon while exposed to simple or composite backgrounds of a panel of VPCs representative of the odorant variety encountered by a moth. Maps of activities were built using calcium imaging to visualize which areas in antennal lobes (AL) were affected by VPCs. We compared the VPC activity and their impact as backgrounds at antenna and AL levels, individually or in blends. At periphery, VPCs showed differences in their capacity to elicit Z7-ORN firing response that cannot be explained by differences in stimulus intensities because we adjusted concentrations according to vapor pressures. The AL neuronal network, which reformats the ORN input, did not improve pheromone salience. We postulate that the AL network evolved to increase sensitivity and to encode for fast changes of pheromone at some cost for signal extraction. Comparing blends to single compounds indicated that a blend shows the activity of its most active component. VPC salience seems to be more important than background complexity.

scholarly journals Real-Time Neuron Detection and Neural Signal Extraction Platform for Miniature Calcium Imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaesop Lee ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Eungjoo Lee ◽  
Srijesh Sudarsanan ◽  
Da-Ting Lin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Real Time ◽  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Signal Extraction ◽  
Neural Signal

scholarly journals Mesmerize: A highly versatile platform for calcium imaging analysis and creation of self-contained FAIR datasets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kushal Kolar ◽  
Daniel Dondorp ◽  
Marios Chatzigeorgiou
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Signal Extraction ◽  
Graphical Interface ◽  
Imaging Analysis ◽  
C Elegans ◽  
Analysis Process ◽  
Visual Cortex Neurons ◽  
Mouse Visual Cortex ◽  
Analysis Platform ◽  
Scientific Questions

AbstractWe present an efficient and expandable calcium imaging analysis platform that encapsulates the entire analysis process from raw data to interactive e-figures. It provides a graphical interface to the latest analysis methods for pre-processing, and signal extraction. We demonstrate how Mesmerize can be applied to a broad range of scientific questions by using datasets ranging from the mouse visual cortex, neurons, epidermis and TLCs of the protochordate C. intestinalis, and C. elegans.

scholarly journals Seasonality, alarm pheromone and serotonin: insights on the neurobiology of honeybee defence from winter bees

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 20180337
Author(s):  
Morgane Nouvian ◽  
Nina Deisig ◽  
Judith Reinhard ◽  
Martin Giurfa
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Seasonal Changes ◽  
Alarm Pheromone ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Brain Serotonin ◽  
Antennal Lobes ◽  
Brood Rearing ◽  
Pheromone Perception

Honeybees maintain their colony throughout the cold winters, a strategy that enables them to make the most of early spring flowers. During this period, their activity is mostly limited to thermoregulation, while foraging and brood rearing are stopped. Less is known about seasonal changes to the essential task of defending the colony against intruders, which is regulated by the sting alarm pheromone. We studied the stinging responsiveness of winter bees exposed to this scent or a control (solvent). Surprisingly, winter bees, while maintaining their responsiveness in control conditions, did not increase stinging frequency in response to the alarm pheromone. This was not owing to the bees not perceiving the pheromone, as shown by calcium imaging of the antennal lobes. As the alarm pheromone is thought to act through an increase in brain serotonin levels, ultimately causing heightened defensiveness, we checked if serotonin treatments would affect the stinging behaviour of winter bees. Indeed, treated winter bees became more inclined to sting. Thus, we postulate that loss of responsiveness to the sting alarm pheromone is based on a partial or total disruption of the mechanism converting alarm pheromone perception into high serotonin levels in winter bees.

scholarly journals MIN1PIPE: A Miniscope 1-Photon-Based Calcium Imaging Signal Extraction Pipeline

Cell Reports ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 3673-3684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinghao Lu ◽  
Chunyuan Li ◽  
Jonnathan Singh-Alvarado ◽  
Zhe Charles Zhou ◽  
Flavio Fröhlich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Signal Extraction

scholarly journals Robustness and plasticity in Drosophila heat avoidance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
José Miguel Simões ◽  
Joshua I. Levy ◽  
Emanuela E. Zaharieva ◽  
Leah T. Vinson ◽  
Peixiong Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Imaging ◽  
Thermal Environment ◽  
Thermal Gradients ◽  
Complex Behavior ◽  
Vehicle Model ◽  
Innate Behavior ◽  
Rapid Learning ◽  
Heat Sensor ◽  
Receptor Neurons ◽  
Braitenberg Vehicle

AbstractSimple innate behavior is often described as hard-wired and largely inflexible. Here, we show that the avoidance of hot temperature, a simple innate behavior, contains unexpected plasticity in Drosophila. First, we demonstrate that hot receptor neurons of the antenna and their molecular heat sensor, Gr28B.d, are essential for flies to produce escape turns away from heat. High-resolution fly tracking combined with a 3D simulation of the thermal environment shows that, in steep thermal gradients, the direction of escape turns is determined by minute temperature differences between the antennae (0.1°–1 °C). In parallel, live calcium imaging confirms that such small stimuli reliably activate both peripheral thermosensory neurons and central circuits. Next, based on our measurements, we evolve a fly/vehicle model with two symmetrical sensors and motors (a “Braitenberg vehicle”) which closely approximates basic fly thermotaxis. Critical differences between real flies and the hard-wired vehicle reveal that fly heat avoidance involves decision-making, relies on rapid learning, and is robust to new conditions, features generally associated with more complex behavior.

Scanning electron microscopy of plant cells using a variable-pressure SEM and cryogenic techniques

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 260-261
Author(s):  
M. Yamada ◽  
K. Ueda ◽  
K. Kuboki ◽  
H. Matsushima ◽  
S. Joens
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscopy ◽  
Saturated Vapor ◽  
Plant Cells ◽  
Variable Pressure ◽  
Specimen Preparation ◽  
Operating Pressure ◽  
Vapor Pressures ◽  
Low Temperature Microscopy ◽  
Scanning Electron

Use of variable Pressure SEMs is spreading among electron microscopists The variable Pressure SEM does not necessarily require specimen Preparation such as fixation, dehydration, coating, etc which have been required for conventional scanning electron microscopy. The variable Pressure SEM allows operating Pressure of 1˜270 Pa in specimen chamber It does not allow microscopy of water-containing specimens under a saturated vapor Pressure of water. Therefore, it may cause shrink or deformation of water-containing soft specimens such as plant cells due to evaporation of water. A solution to this Problem is to lower the specimen temperature and maintain saturated vapor Pressures of water at low as shown in Fig. 1 On this technique, there is a Published report of experiment to have sufficient signal to noise ratio for scondary electron imaging at a relatively long working distance using an environmental SEM. We report here a new low temperature microscopy of soft Plant cells using a variable Pressure SEM (Hitachi S-225ON).

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