Special Issue: Ecology of Sex and Sexual Communication in Insects

Extensive debate and criticism of potentially common, yet questionable research practices that lead to biased findings within social and health sciences has emerged over the last decade. These challenges likely apply to educational psychology, though the field has been slow to address them. This article discusses current research norms, strategic solutions proposed under the broad rubric of “Open Science”, and the implications of both for the way research syntheses in educational psychology are conducted and the quality of the information they produce. Strategies such as preregistration, open materials and data, and registered reports stand to address significant threats to the validity of research synthesis. These include challenges associated with publication, dissemination, and selective reporting biases, comprehensive information retrieval, and opportunities to execute unique analytic approaches. A final issue is the development of parallel solutions that address biases specific to the decision making of researchers conducting and evaluating research syntheses. PLEASE DO NOT CITE YET:This article is part of a forthcoming journal Special Issue on Open Science in Education and currently under review. Carly Robinson is NOT the correct author, so please do not cite this article until it is updated with the correct authors' names. If you are interested in citing this work please either (a) check back at this url later -- we anticipated that the correct authors' names will be included no later than February 2021, or (b) contact Carly Robinson ([email protected]) directly to see if the paper might be cited on an earlier time frame.

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Preregistration and Registered Reports

10.35542/osf.io/zw39f ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Carly D Robinson

Keyword(s):

Data Collection ◽

Phase I ◽

A Priori ◽

Time Frame ◽

Open Science ◽

Special Issue ◽

Scientific Process ◽

Science Practices ◽

Data Collection And Analysis ◽

One Step

Pre-registration and registered reports are two of the most promising open science practices for increasing transparency in the scientific process. Pre-registration involves publishing a timestamped record of a study design, ideally before data collection and analysis, so that research consumers can discern which analytic decisions were set a priori and which were changed after seeing data. Registered reports take the idea of pre-registration one step further, and provide peer review at the pre-registration stage. Researchers submit a Phase I manuscript that contains the introduction, background and context, and methods section of a study, and these Phase I manuscripts are peer reviewed. If reviewed positively, manuscripts are given in-principle acceptance, where the editors agree that if the researchers conduct the study as pre-registered--or document the deviations from their plan--the study will be published without regard for the direction or magnitude of findings. In this manner, studies are judged by whether they address important questions and use well-designed methods, not on the basis of reaching specific benchmarks for significance or effect size. This article illustrates the emerging range of approaches to pre-registration and registered reports with examples from a variety of studies and from the first special issue in educational research devoted to Registered Reports.PLEASE DO NOT CITE YET:This article is part of a forthcoming journal Special Issue on Open Science in Education and currently under review. Carly Robinson is NOT the correct author, so please do not cite this article until it is updated with the correct authors' names. If you are interested in citing this work please either (a) check back at this url later -- we anticipated that the correct authors' names will be included no later than February 2021, or (b) contact Carly Robinson ([email protected]) directly to see if the paper might be cited on an earlier time frame.

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A School Atlas as a History Machine: The Bosatlas Online

Motion in Maps, Maps in Motion ◽

10.5117/9789463721103_ch05 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Ferjan Ormeling

Keyword(s):

Digital Technologies ◽

Time Frame ◽

Status Quo ◽

Specific Time ◽

Scale Level ◽

The Status ◽

Over Time

In principle, a school atlas presents the status quo at a given moment, but when it is regarded as a serial work regularly updated, and when, thanks to digital technologies, the same maps in consecutive atlas editions can be compared one to another, then movement over time is visualized. With a customized tool, one may pick one particular map in the nth edition of the atlas and then compare it to the same map in the previous or the next edition on a shared screen, to find out what changes occurred within a specific time frame. Examples of possible applications at different scales show that each map type (because of the kind of symbols used) and each scale level have their own types of stories unfolding.

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Special Issue on Microrobots

Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics ◽

10.20965/jrm.2003.p0581 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 15 (6) ◽

pp. 581-581

Author(s):

Hidenori Ishihara ◽

Keyword(s):

Microelectromechanical Systems ◽

Time Frame ◽

Careful Consideration ◽

Robotic Hand ◽

Special Issue ◽

Exciting Field ◽

Integrated Technology ◽

Acceleration Sensors ◽

The Usa

Micromechatronics has become a key issue in engineering. Robotics and mechatronics are a global concern. Micromechatronics contributes especially to the development of electrical and mechanical systems through miniaturization and advanced functions. Micromechatronics was defined by Prof. Fukuda, Prof. Fujita et. al in the 1980's. In 1980's, Microelectromechanical Systems (MEMS) was developed in the USA and then expanded to Japan and Germany. In the same time frame, devices based on precious machining technology were miniaturized in Japan and Switzerland as Michromachine. MEMS combines electronics and mechatronics and promotes new-conceptual devices such as intellectual sensors, e.g., pressure and acceleration sensors. Precious machining has improved manufacturing and achieved the find control. Thorough these development, Micromechatronics was born as an integrated technology. This special issue introduces basic technologies and applications of micromechatronics, which includes such vital technologies as mechanical, electric, and electrical engineering, machining, and MEMS. This issue, which features several topics on micromechatronics, will give readers a welcome chance to acquaint themselves with state-of-the-art information on micromechatronics. This issue contains nine technical papers on micro robots, intelligent microsensors, and their applications, together with related letters. It opens with a paper on microsensors by Fujiyoshi et al. and the application of miniaturized motors to a robotic hand by Nishibori et al. Included also are articles on micro robots by Aoyama, Torii, Wakimoto and Guo, work on unique micromanipulation systems by Nakamura et al., and the application of micro units to robotic systems by Yamada et al. Letters discuss objectives and achievements of micro robot contests held in Japan that serve to popularize and disseminate unique mechanisms and new concepts in this exciting field. I am certain this issue will provide readers with information that is both interesting and informative. In closing, I would like to thank the authors, members of the editorial board, and the publisher, without whose hard work and careful consideration this issue would not have been possible.

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PROBING INTERNAL STRESS AND CRYSTALLINITY IN WET FOAM VIA RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY

International Journal of Modern Physics B ◽

10.1142/s0217979209052364 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 23 (19) ◽

pp. 3913-3924

Author(s):

T. K. BARIK ◽

P. BANDYOPADHYAY ◽

A. ROY

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Internal Stress ◽

Vibrational Mode ◽

Low Frequency ◽

Time Frame ◽

Raman Shift ◽

Specific Time ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Microscope Images ◽

Average Size

In this paper, we correlate the internal stress and the characteristics of a vibrational mode in wet foam. Using microscope images, we estimate the average size of the bubbles in wet foam, at specific time intervals, over a duration of 24 h. Raman spectra are also recorded at the same time intervals, over the same time frame. We show that the internal stress, originated from the microscopic structural change of foam with aging, can be related to the observed Raman shift of the low-frequency methylene rocking mode of the constituent surfactant molecules in foam. In this paper, we also show the capability of the Raman spectroscopy to reveal the crystallinity in foamy materials, when studied for a longer period of time.

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Policy entrepreneurship in climate governance: Toward a comparative approach

Environment and Planning C Politics and Space ◽

10.1177/2399654417735905 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 1471-1482 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jessica F Green

Keyword(s):

Comparative Research ◽

Causal Model ◽

Time Frame ◽

Comparative Approach ◽

Future Research ◽

Special Issue ◽

Policy Entrepreneurship ◽

Expected Time ◽

Definition Of ◽

Dimensions Of Variation

This paper draws out lessons from the special issue, laying out elements of research agenda on climate policy entrepreneurship. First, I offer an expanded definition of entrepreneurship, which distinguishes between the entrepreneurs themselves and the strategies they employ. Further refinements of the concept of entrepreneurship should specify other relevant dimensions of variation, such as the desired outcome, and the expected time frame in which it is to be achieved. I then present a simple causal model of entrepreneurship to facilitate future comparative research. Based on the papers in the special issue, I derive several testable hypotheses for future research. Finally, I argue that we must also consider the “expansive effects” of policy entrepreneurs: the extent to which their actions lead to changes beyond those intended. I offer some approaches to begin to study these broader effects.

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Activities for Students: Fitting Curves to Pottery

Mathematics Teacher ◽

10.5951/mt.102.9.0698 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 102 (9) ◽

pp. 698-704

Author(s):

Richard A. Harris ◽

Catherine E. Matthews

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

North Carolina ◽

Time Frame ◽

Faculty Members ◽

School Mathematics ◽

Algebra 1 ◽

High School Mathematics ◽

Specific Time ◽

Algebra 2

Faculty members at Hawbridge School of the Environment for Grades 9–12, located in Saxapahaw, North Carolina, have begun to implement a number of interdisciplinary units across the curriculum. At Hawbridge, this approach means that each teacher in each class devotes a significant amount of time to teaching a themed unit during a specific time frame. This article will detail the integrative aspects of the pottery unit we taught in three different high school mathematics classes: algebra 1, algebra 2, and precalculus.

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The Political Economy of Healthy and Sustainable Food Systems: An Introduction to a Special Issue

International Journal of Health Policy and Management ◽

10.34172/ijhpm.2021.156 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Phillip Baker ◽

Jennifer Lacy-Nichols ◽

Owain Williams ◽

Ronald Labonté

Keyword(s):

Political Economy ◽

Food Systems ◽

Food System ◽

Technical Problem ◽

Time Frame ◽

Coalition Building ◽

Great Promise ◽

The Political ◽

Special Issue ◽

Food Governance

Today’s food systems are contributing to multiple intersecting health and ecological crises. Many are now calling for transformative, or even radical, food systems change. Our starting assumption in this Special Issue is the broad claim that the transformative changes being called for in a global food system in crisis cannot – and ultimately will not – be achieved without intense scrutiny of and changes in the underlying political economies that drive today’s food systems. The aim is to draw from diverse disciplinary perspectives to critically evaluate the political economy of food systems, understand key challenges, and inform new thinking and action. We received 19 contributions covering a diversity of country contexts and perspectives, and revealing inter-connected challenges and opportunities for realising the transformation agenda. We find that a number of important changes in food governance and power relations have occurred in recent decades, with a displacement of power in four directions. First, upwards as globalization has given rise to more complex and globally integrated food systems governed increasingly by transnational food corporations (TFCs) and international financial actors. Second, downwards as urbanization and decentralization of authority in many countries gives cities and sub-national actors more prominence in food governance. Third, outwards with a greater role for corporate and civil society actors facilitated by an expansion of food industry power, and increasing preferences for market-orientated and multi-stakeholder forms of governance. Finally, power has also shifted inwards as markets have become increasingly concentrated through corporate strategies to gain market power within and across food supply chain segments. The transformation of food systems will ultimately require greater scrutiny of these challenges. Technical ‘problem-solving’ and overly-circumscribed policy approaches that depoliticise food systems challenges, are insufficient to generate the change we need, within the narrow time-frame we have. While there will be many paths to transformation, rights-based and commoning approaches hold great promise, based on principles of participation, accountability and non-discrimination, alongside coalition building and social mobilization, including social movements grounded in food sovereignty and agroecology.

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Oncogenic NRAS Accelerates Rhabdomyosarcoma Formation When Occurring within a Specific Time Frame during Tumor Development in Mice

International Journal of Molecular Sciences ◽

10.3390/ijms222413377 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (24) ◽

pp. 13377

Author(s):

Nada Ragab ◽

Julia Bauer ◽

Dominik S. Botermann ◽

Anja Uhmann ◽

Heidi Hahn

Keyword(s):

Mouse Model ◽

Tumor Growth ◽

Time Window ◽

Tumor Development ◽

Tumor Stage ◽

Time Frame ◽

Embryonal Rhabdomyosarcoma ◽

Tumor Differentiation ◽

Specific Time ◽

Free Survival

In the Ptch+/- mouse model for embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (ERMS), we recently showed that oncogenic (onc) H-, K- or NRAS mutations do not influence tumor growth when induced at the advanced, full-blown tumor stage. However, when induced at the invisible ERMS precursor stage at 4 weeks of age, tumor development was enforced upon oncHRAS and oncKRAS but not by oncNRAS, which instead initiated tumor differentiation. These data indicate that oncRAS-associated processes differ from each other in dependency on the isoform and their occurrence during tumor development. Here, we investigated the outcome of oncNRAS induction at an earlier ERMS precursor stage at 2 weeks of age. In this setting, oncNRAS accelerates tumor growth because it significantly shortens the ERMS-free survival and increases the ERMS incidence. However, it does not seem to alter the differentiation of the tumors. It is also not involved in tumor initiation. Together, these data show that oncNRAS mutations can accelerate tumor growth when targeting immature ERMS precursors within a specific time window, in which the precursors are permissive to the mutation and show that oncNRAS-associated processes differ from each other in dependency on their occurrence during tumor development.

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Zinc protection of fertilized eggs is an ancient feature of sexual reproduction in animals

10.1101/2020.06.08.140541 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Katherine L. Wozniak ◽

Rachel E. Bainbridge ◽

Dominique W. Summerville ◽

Maiwase Tembo ◽

Wesley A. Phelps ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Embryonic Development ◽

Xenopus Laevis ◽

Sexual Reproduction ◽

Teleost Fish ◽

Early Embryonic Development ◽

Successful Reproduction ◽

Mammalian Eggs

AbstractOne of the earliest and most prevalent barriers to successful reproduction is polyspermy, or fertilization of an egg by multiple sperm. To prevent these supernumerary fertilizations, eggs have evolved multiple mechanisms. It has recently been proposed that zinc released by mammalian eggs at fertilization may block additional sperm from entering. Here, we demonstrate that eggs from amphibia and teleost fish also release zinc. Using Xenopus laevis as a model, we document that zinc reversibly blocks fertilization. Finally, we demonstrate that extracellular zinc similarly disrupts early embryonic development in eggs from diverse phyla, including: Cnidaria, Echinodermata, and Chordata. Our study reveals that a fundamental strategy protecting human eggs from fertilization by multiple sperm may have evolved more than 650 million years ago.

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