scholarly journals Magnitude and Spread of Bed Bugs (Cimex lectularius) throughout Ohio (USA) Revealed by Surveys of Pest Management Industry

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 133
Author(s):  
Susan C. Jones
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Single Family ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Franklin County ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Treatment Data ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local

Bed bugs have recently re-emerged as human pests worldwide. In this study, two surveys queried licensed pest management companies in Ohio (Midwest USA) about their experiences managing bed bugs. A primary objective was to assess the magnitude and spread of bed bug infestations statewide based on companies’ treatment records from 2005 and 2011 (first survey) and 2016 (second survey). The survey response rates were 35.6% and 31.6%, respectively. Treatment data from 2005 indicated that Ohio’s bed bug problem likely started in the SW corner of the state in Hamilton County (includes city of Cincinnati), since it totaled five times more treatments (approximately 4500) than second-ranking, centrally located Franklin County (Columbus). In the first half of 2011, more than 15,000 treatments were performed in these two counties. In 2016, treatments reached nearly 38,000 in Franklin County and in NE Ohio in the three combined counties that include Cleveland-Akron-Canton. Bed bug problems expanded statewide during an 11 y period, with an estimated 100+ treatments in 7 counties in 2005, 45 counties in 2011, and nearly all 88 counties in 2016. Apartments/condos and single-family residences comprised the largest share of bed bug work. Residents misused many pesticides and household cleaners trying to eliminate bed bugs. Many also discarded unwrapped infested furniture, which may further spread these bugs. More public education is needed to stop such practices. This study shows that bed bug problems grow and spread quickly; federal, state, and local officials and the public should immediately deal with bed bugs.

scholarly journals Effects of Resident Education and Self-Implementation of Integrated Pest Management Strategy for Eliminating Bed Bug Infestation in Ahvaz City, Southwestern Iran

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismaeil Alizadeh ◽  
Elham Jahanifard ◽  
Mona Sharififard ◽  
Mohammad Ebrahim Azemi
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Resident Education ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Medical Entomology ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Blood Sucking ◽  
Ipm Strategy

Background: Bed bugs as blood-sucking insects have become a public health problem in urban communities through­out the world. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of resident education and self-implementation of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategy for eliminating bed bug infestation in infected apartments in Ahvaz City, Iran. Methods: This interventional study was conducted in seventy apartments infested with bed bug (Cimex lectularius) in Ahvaz City, southwest Iran, during a 6-month period. The bed bug infestations reported to Health centers were in­spect­ed visually and confirmed by medical entomology experts. Then, the heads of the households were received tech­niques/ tools of the IPM program and trained by medical entomology experts before self-implementation of control methods. Finally, the infected apartments were inspected by the experts at 1, 3, and 6 months after intervention and data were rec­orded in a checklist. Results: From the seventy infected apartments, 57%, 28% and 15% were considered as low, moderate, and high level infestation respectively. The bed bug infestation was eliminated from 53 apartments (76%) after one month and it reached to 62 apartments (88%) by the end of third month. Finally, after six months of applying IPM program, bed bugs infestation was eliminated from all infected apartments (100%). Residents expressed their 100% satisfaction with ap­plying the bed bug IPM strategy. Conclusion: Training residents to implement the IPM program can reduce pest control costs, the volume of pesticides consumed, and human exposure to chemical pesticides, resulting in increased human and environmental health and safety.

Efficacy of a Fungal Biopesticide for Bed Bug Management Is Influenced by the Toxicity and Associated Behavioral Avoidance of Harborages on Insecticide-Impregnated Box Spring Covers

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (6) ◽  
pp. 2850-2857
Author(s):  
Ikkei Shikano
Keyword(s):  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Beauveria Bassiana ◽  
Avoidance Behavior ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Continuous Contact ◽  
Behavioral Avoidance

Abstract Bed bugs spend most of their lives hiding in harborages, usually in the seams of mattresses and box springs and in crevices of bed frames. For insecticidal products that target these shelters, the repellency of the products for bed bugs may influence their duration of contact. Bed bugs are known to avoid contacting surfaces treated with certain insecticides. The fungal biopesticide Aprehend contains spores of the entomopathogen, Beauveria bassiana. It is sprayed around bed frames, box springs, and furniture where bed bugs are likely to walk, which includes potential shelters. Here, I investigated the influence of a permethrin-impregnated cover, ActiveGuard, on bed bug sheltering behavior and the effectiveness of combining ActiveGuard with Aprehend. Bed bugs avoided harboring in a shelter constructed with ActiveGuard compared to a nontoxic encasement-type cover. This avoidance behavior reduced mortality induced by ActiveGuard shelters compared to forced continuous contact on the ActiveGuard cover. However, while bed bugs also avoided Aprehend-treated ActiveGuard shelters, the combined treatment induced almost complete mortality and more quickly than Aprehend-treated shelters made of the encasement-type cover. This suggests compatibility between the two integrated pest management (IPM) tools even though the bed bug’s avoidance behavior would suggest otherwise. Since Aprehend is highly effective against pyrethroid-resistant bed bugs, its use would provide more effective control where bed bug populations are more resistant to the permethrin-impregnated cover.

After September 11: Rethinking Public Health Federalism

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-211 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wendy E. Parmet
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Health System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
The Public ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Effective Public Health ◽  
Suspicious Case

In the fall of 2001, the need for a vigorous and effective public health system became more apparent than it had been for many decades. With the advent of the first widescale bioterrorist attack on the United States, the government's obligation to respond and take steps to protect the public health became self-evident.Also obvious was the need for of an effective partnership between federal, state, and local officials. Local officials are almost always on the front lines of the struggle against bioterrorism. They are the first to recognize a suspicious case and to provide testing and treatment for the affected population. At the same time, state officials are needed to support and coordinate local efforts, providing an expertise that may be lacking in many communities, especially smaller ones.But few would doubt that the federal government has a key role to play. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) is expected to lead the epidemiological investigation and provide expertise on how to cope with diseases that remain unfamiliar to most physicians.

Revolutionary Paths

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Kirkland Bess
Keyword(s):  
Federal State ◽  
Government Officials ◽  
Porfirio Diaz ◽  
Road Building ◽  
Historical Continuity ◽  
Mexican State ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local ◽  
The Military

Through an examination of the political and legal debates over the role of road building in Mexico between 1920 and 1938, this essay shows how these debates became a symbol of nationalist “progress” after the military phase of Revolution. During this time, the Mexican state confronted foreign commercial interests as federal, state, and local officials launched construction efforts for new motorways. Legal and bureaucratic reforms emphasized national sovereignty over Mexico’s transportation infrastructure, challenging private ownership of roads and limiting foreign investment in the highway system. Road building represented an important moment of historical continuity between the liberal regime under Porfirio Díaz and the revolutionary states that followed. This article contributes to the scholarly literature on state formation in Mexico, concentrating on how government officials, the courts, and everyday citizens shaped the country’s politics of economic development and regional mobility. A través del examen de los debates políticos y legales en torno a la construcción de carreteras en México entre 1920 y 1938, este ensayo muestra cómo dichos debates se convirtieron en un símbolo de “progreso” nacionalista tras la fase militar de la Revolución. Durante este tiempo, el Estado mexicano se enfrentó a los intereses comerciales extranjeros al tiempo que los funcionarios federales, estatales y locales emprendieron esfuerzos para la construcción de nuevas autopistas. Las reformas legales y burocráticas hacían énfasis en la soberanía nacional sobre la infraestructura de los transportes en México, desafiando así la propiedad privada de las carreteras y limitando la inversión extranjera en el sistema de autopistas. La construcción de carreteras representó un importante momento de continuidad histórica entre el régimen liberal de Porfirio Díaz y los Estados revolucionarios que le siguieron. Este artículo contribuye a la literatura especializada sobre la formación del Estado en México, concentrándose en la forma en que los funcionarios del gobierno, las cortes y los ciudadanos de a pie conformaron la política de desarrollo económico y movilidad regional del país.

The Deportation Machine

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Goodman
Keyword(s):  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Public Officials ◽  
Central Americans ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Innovative Strategies ◽  
History Of ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Human Costs

Constant headlines about deportations, detention camps, and border walls drive urgent debates about immigration and what it means to be an American in the twenty-first century. This book traces the long and troubling history of the U.S. government's systematic efforts to terrorize and expel immigrants over the past 140 years. The book provides needed historical perspective on one of the most pressing social and political issues of our time. It examines how federal, state, and local officials have targeted various groups for expulsion, from Chinese and Europeans at the turn of the twentieth century to Central Americans and Muslims today. It reveals how authorities have singled out Mexicans, nine out of ten of all deportees, and removed most of them not by orders of immigration judges but through coercive administrative procedures and calculated fear campaigns. The book uncovers the machine's three primary mechanisms—formal deportations, “voluntary” departures, and self-deportations—and examines how public officials have used them to purge immigrants from the country and exert control over those who remain. Exposing the pervasive roots of anti-immigrant sentiment in the United States, the book introduces the politicians, bureaucrats, businesspeople, and ordinary citizens who have pushed for and profited from expulsion. It chronicles the devastating human costs of deportation and the innovative strategies people have adopted to fight against the machine and redefine belonging in ways that transcend citizenship.

Prevention, identification, and treatment options for the management of bed bug infestations

2012 ◽  
Vol 55 (04) ◽  
pp. 89-102 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Fong ◽  
Constance Bos ◽  
Taz Stuart ◽  
Stèphane Perron ◽  
Tom Kosatsky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Bed Bugs ◽  
Bed Bug ◽  
Entry Points

In the past decade, bed bug infestations have been increasing worldwide. Historically, studies have failed to provide evidence for the transmission of human diseases through bed bugs, but recent evidence is lacking. Although physical reactions to bed bug bites continue to be documented, evidence regarding the mental health effects arising from bed bug infestations is limited to anecdotes and case reports. This report provides an update and summary of the bed bug management strategies discussed during a workshop at the 2010 Canadian Public Health Association Conference. “Best practices” regarding prevention, identification, and treatment options are presented, using evidence from existing evaluative studies. Awareness of bed bug behaviour and proper building maintenance can prevent transfer of bed bugs from belongings, including second-hand items, and reduce entry points and harbourage sites. In addition to inspection by trained professionals, early recognition of clinical symptoms and environmental signs of an infestation are important to avoid further spread of bed bugs and to allow implementation of safe and effective treatment options. Early findings may indicate a need for special support for vulnerable individuals with mental health issues potentially exacerbated by bed bug infestations. Preparing units for treatment, including the removal of clutter, is essential. However, physical and financial limitations are challenges for managing bed bug infestations, especially for vulnerable populations. Current treatment options such as application of heat or pesticides can be effective when properly implemented, but there are concerns with pesticide resistance. An Integrated Pest Management approach is recommended and should include ongoing monitoring and prevention that are essential for positive treatment outcomes. Regulatory officials, building management, and pest management professionals are encouraged to collaborate using a systematic approach to address bed bug infestations.

A National Assessment of Local Earthquake Mitigation: Implications for Planning and Public Policy

1992 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip R. Berke ◽  
Timothy Beatley
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Mail Survey ◽  
The United States ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Earthquake Mitigation ◽  
Seismic Hazard Mitigation ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
Local Earthquake ◽  
State And Local

This paper presents conclusions and their implications for planning and public policy from a comprehensive study of local seismic hazard mitigation programs throughout the United States. Data from the study were obtained from a mail survey and three case communities. A key study conclusion is that while earthquake mitigation activity is higher among California communities than in communities of other states, it is considerably lower than for other types of hazards. Other key conclusions are that local officials can undertake a variety of activities to effectively advance planning for earthquakes, and that the more effective activities occurred through an interactive learning process where creative compromises among differing community perspectives were more likely. These conclusions imply that while there is a substantial need to better integrate earthquake mitigation into development and land use decision making, local government efforts to advance mitigation programs have a substantial potential for success. They also imply that achieving effective local response requires substantial changes in current practices of federal, state and local governments.

Introduction to the Manhattan Bail Project

2011 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerome E. McElroy
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Justice ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Attorney General ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Criminal Courts ◽  
Strong Ties ◽  
National Conference ◽  
Local Officials ◽  
State And Local

Concern over the injustice of the money bail system led the founders of the Vera Institute of Justice to design and implement the Manhattan Bail Project in 1961. The Project demonstrated that people with strong ties to the community could be safely released from custody without bail merely on their promise to return to court—called release on recognizance. Federal, state, and local officials should be encouraged to examine their systems and implement a more just, more rational, and less costly system of ensuring appearance and protecting public safety while those charged but presumed innocent await the disposition of the charges. Toward that end, Attorney General Eric Holder convened a national conference on bail and criminal justice in June 2011 that presented another opportunity to realize the Manhattan Bail Project's mission: bringing pretrial justice to the significant proportion of impoverished defendants brought before the criminal courts.

Improving Speech and Language Services through Effective Time Management

1983 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 86-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara W. Travers
Keyword(s):  
Time Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Federal State ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
School Based ◽  
Work Area ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
Areas Of Concern ◽  
State And Local ◽  
Therapeutic Services

This paper presents strategies for increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of the school-based speech-language pathologist. Various time management strategies are adapted and outlined for three major areas of concern: using time, organizing the work area, and managing paper work. It is suggested that the use of such methods will aid the speech-language pathologist in coping with federal, state, and local regulations while continuing to provide quality therapeutic services.

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