scholarly journals Recent Advancements in Studies on Chemosensory Mechanisms Underlying Detection of Semiochemicals in Dacini Fruit Flies of Economic Importance (Diptera: Tephritidae)

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 106
Author(s):  
Hajime Ono ◽  
Alvin Kah-Wei Hee ◽  
Hongbo Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Olfactory Receptors ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Host Finding ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Multiple Characteristic ◽  
Functional Analyses ◽  
Molecular Components

Dacini fruit flies mainly contain two genera, Bactrocera and Zeugodacus, and include many important pests of fruits and vegetables. Their life cycle is affected by various environmental cues. Among them, multiple characteristic semiochemicals have remarkable effects on their reproductive and host-finding behaviors. Notably, floral fragrances released from so-called fruit fly orchids strongly attract males of several Dacini fruit fly species. Focusing on the strong attraction of male flies to particular chemicals, natural and synthetic lures have been used for pest management. Thus, the perception of semiochemicals is important to understand environmental adaptation in Dacini fruit flies. Since next-generation sequencers are available, a large number of chemosensory-related genes have been identified in Dacini fruit flies, as well as other insects. Furthermore, recent studies have succeeded in the functional analyses of olfactory receptors in response to semiochemicals. Thus, characterization of molecular components required for chemoreception is under way. However, the mechanisms underlying chemoreception remain largely unknown. This paper reviews recent findings on peripheral mechanisms in the perception of odors in Dacini fruit flies, describing related studies in other dipteran species, mainly the model insect Drosophilamelanogaster. Based on the review, important themes for future research have also been discussed.

Tephritidae fruit fly gut microbiome diversity, function and potential for applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (4) ◽  
pp. 423-437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Fahim Raza ◽  
Zhichao Yao ◽  
Shuai Bai ◽  
Zhaohui Cai ◽  
Hongyu Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Associated Bacteria ◽  
Microbiome Diversity ◽  
The Family ◽  
Host Nutrition ◽  
Multiple Species ◽  
Potential Use

AbstractThe family Tephritidae (order: Diptera), commonly known as fruit flies, comprises a widely distributed group of agricultural pests. The tephritid pests infest multiple species of fruits and vegetables, resulting in huge crop losses. Here, we summarize the composition and diversity of tephritid gut-associated bacteria communities and host intrinsic and environmental factors that influence the microbiome structures. Diverse members of Enterobacteriaceae, most commonly Klebsiella and Enterobacter bacteria, are prevalent in fruit flies guts. Roles played by gut bacteria in host nutrition, development, physiology and resistance to insecticides and pathogens are also addressed. This review provides an overview of fruit fly microbiome structure and points to diverse roles that it can play in fly physiology and survival. It also considers potential use of this knowledge for the control of economically important fruit flies, including the sterile insect technique and cue-lure baiting.

scholarly journals Fluktuasi Populasi Lalat Buah Bactrocera spp. (Diptera : Tephritidae) pada Pertanaman Cabai Merah (Capsicum Annuum) di Kabupaten Bandung, Jawa Barat

Agrikultura ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Agus Susanto ◽  
Yadi Supriyadi ◽  
Tohidin Tohidin ◽  
Nenet Susniahti ◽  
Vickri Hafizh
Keyword(s):  
Capsicum Annuum ◽  
Host Plants ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Biotic Factors ◽  
Rainy Days

ABSTRACTFluctuation population of fruit flies Batrocera spp. (Dipthera: Tephritidae) on chilli (Capsicum annuum) plantation areas in Bandung Regency, West JavaFruit flies (Bactrocera spp.) are destructive pest that cause damages to horticulture commodities such as fruits and vegetables. The purpose of this study was to investigate fluctuation population of fruit flies in relation to abiotic factors, such as temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days, and biotic factors, such as host phenology and natural enemies. The field experiment was conducted in Pulosari Village, Pangalengan, Bandung. This research used survey method by placing 20 fruit flies traps on host plants, in which 10 traps were being placed in the outside and the others were being placed in the inside within 10 meters distance per trap. Trapped flies were collected and their population was counted in every week. The results revealed that abiotitic factors (temperature, rainfall, number of rainy days) have non significant influence indicated by the regression analysis of each temperature (Y=-101.2+2298.7x; R2=0.253; P>0.05), rainfall (Y= 0.143+154.4x; R2 = 0.004; P> 0.05), and the number of rainy days (Y= 6.607+140.51x; R2 = 0.015; P>0.05). Meanwhile, fruit fly with the dominant population was Bactocera dorsalis which was included into sibling species of Bactrocera dorsalis Complex with number of population was 93% from specimen sample.Keywords: Fluctuation population, fruit flies, Batrocera dorsalis Complex, ChilliABSTRAKLalat buah (Bactrocera spp.) merupakan hama penting yang menyerang tanaman hortikultura baik buah-buahan ataupun sayuran buah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui korelasi fluktuasi populasi lalat buah pada pertanaman cabai merah terhadap faktor abiotik berupa suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan dan faktor biotik berupa fenologi tanaman inang dan musuh alami. Percobaan ini dilaksanakan di Desa Pulosari, Kecamatan Pangalengan Kabupaten Bandung. Percobaan dilakukan menggunakan metode survei dengan memasang perangkap lalat buah pada lahan pertanaman cabai merah sebanyak 20 perangkap dengan 10 perangkap bagian luar dan 10 perangkap bagian dalam dengan jarak antar perangkap 10 meter. Hasil tangkapan dikumpulkan dan dihitung populasi lalat buah yang terperangkap setiap minggunya. Hasil penelitian menunjukan faktor abiotik (suhu, curah hujan, jumlah hari hujan) tidak memberikan pengaruh signifikan ditunjukan dengan analisis regresi masing-masing pada suhu ( Y= -101,2+ 2298,7x ; R2=0,253; P > 0,05), Curah hujan (Y= 0,143 + 154,4x ; R2= 0,004 ; P > 0,05), dan Jumlah hari hujan (Y= 6,607 + 140,51x ; R2=0,015 ; P > 0,05) Sedangkan lalat buah yang memiliki populasi paling dominan adalah Bactrocera dorsalis yang termasuk sibling dari spesies Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks dengan jumlah populasi sebanyak 93% dari sampel spesimen.Kata kunci : Fluktuasi populasi, Lalat buah, Bactrocera dorsalis Kompleks, Cabai merah

scholarly journals Microbial Carriage and Contamination of Mangoes by the Oriental Fruit Fly

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 267-275
Author(s):  
Godfred Futagbi ◽  
Nana Akosua Gyamfuah Koduah ◽  
Benyarku Richard Ampah ◽  
Precious Agbeko Dzorgbe Mattah ◽  
Maxwell Billah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Enteric Bacteria ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Direct Role ◽  
Fly Control

Background: Fruit flies, especially of the Family Terphritidae, are economically important pests for the horticulture industry because many species cause serious mechanical damage to a number of crops of different plant families. Studies have shown that some species of fruit flies have the potential to contaminate fruits and vegetables with enteric bacterial pathogens. However, this has not been conclusively demonstrated. Methods: In this study, we investigated enteric bacteria carriage by Bactrocera dorsalis and its possible role in transmission of microbes into internal tissues of fruits. Fruit flies trapped using liquid protein bait, ripe mango fruits exposed to the fruit flies and controls, as well as mangoes obtained from farms with and without fly-control traps, were analyzed for microbes, such as total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, yeast and molds, Escherichia coli and Salmonella/Shigella spp. using direct culture methods. Results and Discussion: The results revealed that a high percentage of these insects carries pathogenic bacteria. This finding shows that, like B. cacuminata and B. tryoni, B. dorsalis also carries pathogenic microbes. It was also observed that mangoes sampled from fly-control farms had significantly lower microbial loads and proportions of fruits contaminated compared to those from farms without fly-control. Additionally, all microbial counts of internal tissues were significantly higher for exposed mangoes compared to unexposed mangoes. These data indicate that B. dorsalis contaminates not only the external but also internal tissues of mangoes. Conclusion: These findings show that B. dorsalis carries pathogenic bacteria and plays a direct role in internalization of microbes in mangoes.

Implementing Low-Cost, High Accuracy DNA Barcoding From Single Molecule Sequencing to Screen Larval Tephritid Fruit Flies Intercepted at Ports of Entry

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 288-297 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivonne J Garzón-Orduña ◽  
Scott M Geib ◽  
Lisa Ledezma ◽  
Forest T Bremer ◽  
Norman B Barr
Keyword(s):  
Single Molecule ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Border Crossings ◽  
Smrt Sequencing ◽  
Invasive Insects ◽  
Introduction Pathway

Abstract Exotic fruit flies in the family Tephritidae pose a threat to U.S. agriculture and natural resources. As part of ongoing fruit fly detection and exclusion programs, invasive fruit fly adults are periodically trapped in and introduced populations are eradicated from two major fruit producing states: California and Florida. Although the pathways used by flies to enter these states are not clear, one possible introduction pathway is hand-carrying fruits and vegetables infested with eggs or larvae through ports of entry during border crossings or international air travel. These collections represent an important resource for determining what species are most commonly associated with particular ports of entry, their host plants, and source country, making the identification of the intercepted larvae fundamental. Here, we examine cytochrome c oxidase subunit I sequences obtained with Sanger DNA sequencing and Single Molecule Real-time sequencing (SMRT) technologies on a collection of hundreds of intercepted larvae and pupae that are suspected to be fruit pests found in the subfamily Dacinae, in addition to a collection of field-caught flies. Utilizing Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) Circular Consensus Sequencing, we sequenced thousands of independent amplicons in a single SMRT cell. We present our implementation of PacBio’s method by describing wet-lab procedures as well as analytical protocols to automate the process. Finally, for the intercepted material, we compared the generated SMRT data to sequences produced with Sanger and evaluate their quality as a means to identify flies. Using intercepted material, we obtained a sequencing success of over 88% with PacBio’s SMRT sequencing. As the spread of invasive insects grow, so will the size of collections of intercepted material; we found technologies such as SMRT sequencing to be excellent resources to simplify the generation of large amounts of molecular data and to reduce or eliminate all together the manipulation of the sequences.

scholarly journals Survey of Fruit Flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) from 23 Species of Fruits Collected in Sleman, Yogyakarta

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 122
Author(s):  
Valentina E. F. Aryuwandari ◽  
Y. Andi Trisyono ◽  
Suputa Suputa ◽  
Stefano De Faveri ◽  
Shanmugam Vijaysegaran
Keyword(s):  
Host Range ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Malpighia Emarginata ◽  
New Hosts

Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are major pests of fruits and vegetables in many countries, including Indonesia. Knowledge of the fruit fly host range in a specific area is an important part of the area-wide pest management program to reduce the pest problem. The aim of this study was to extend and update the information on the host range of fruit flies in the Regency of Sleman, Yogyakarta. This area is one of the centers of fruit production, particularly snake fruit in Indonesia. Fruit sampling was conducted from August 2019 to February 2020 in four sub-districts in Sleman consisting of different types of agro-ecosystems. Fruit rearing was carried out in the laboratory followed by identification of the fruit and fruit flies that emerged to species level. From the 23 species of fruits belonging to 14 different families that were collected, the following 6 species of fruit flies emerged: Bactrocera dorsalis, B. carambolae, B. umbrosa, B. albistrigata, B. mcgregori, and Zeugodacus cucurbitae. Bactrocera dorsalis and B. carambolae utilized the widest range of hosts, 12 and 11 species of fruits, respectively. Syzygium cumini, Malpighia emarginata, and Phaleria macrocarpa were recorded for the first time as new hosts of B. carambolae in Indonesia. Additional data of B. dorsalis and B. carambolae infesting salak cv. pondoh is also reported.

scholarly journals The Synthesis and Evaluation of Vanillin derivatives as the Fruit Fly Attractant

2018 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 2197-2202
Author(s):  
Susy Yunita Prabawati ◽  
Damayanti Iskandar ◽  
Liimroati Purwo Suci
Keyword(s):  
Condensation Reaction ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Zeolite Catalysts ◽  
Synthesis Process ◽  
Synthesis Product ◽  
Hydration Reaction ◽  
Alkaline Conditions ◽  
Vanillin Derivatives

The present study was conducted to synthesize 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-4-hydroxy-2-butanone, a compound with similar structure to cue lure [4-(4-Acetyoxyphenyl)-2-butanone], using vanillin as a started material. The synthesis process was completed in two steps. The first step was the condensation reaction of Claisen Smidth between vanillin and acetone on alkaline conditions to produce 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-3-buten-2-one, and the second step was the hydration reaction using zeolite catalysts activated by HCl, to produce 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-4-hydroxy-2-butanone. Characterization of the compounds was performed using IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The evaluation of 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-4-hydroxy-2-butanone as fruit flies’ attractant was carried out in yard areas planted with guava and start fruit, in the Klidon village, Sukoharjo, Sleman Yogyakarta, with methyl eugenol as a standard. The observations were made for 24 hours. The synthesis product was obtained in the form of a white-orange solid with a melting point of 79-81ºC and 60% yield. The field test showed that 4-(4-hydroxyphenyl-3-methoxy)-4-hydroxy-2-butanone was potential as fruit flies’ attractant, indicated by the presence of lured fruit flies around the test location.

Tephritidae bacterial symbionts: potentials for pest management

2019 ◽  
Vol 110 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.S. Noman ◽  
L. Liu ◽  
Z. Bai ◽  
Z. Li
Keyword(s):  
Pest Management ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Insect Pest ◽  
Large Family ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Mass Rearing ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Gut Bacteria ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Symbiotic Associations

AbstractTephritidae is a large family that includes several fruit and vegetable pests. These organisms usually harbor a variegated bacterial community in their digestive systems. Symbiotic associations of bacteria and fruit flies have been well-studied in the generaAnastrepha, Bactrocera, Ceratitis,andRhagoletis.Molecular and culture-based techniques indicate that many genera of the Enterobacteriaceae family, especially the genera ofKlebsiella, Enterobacter, Pectobacterium, Citrobacter, Erwinia,andProvidenciaconstitute the most prevalent populations in the gut of fruit flies. The function of symbiotic bacteria provides a promising strategy for the biological control of insect pests. Gut bacteria can be used for controlling fruit fly through many ways, including attracting as odors, enhancing the success of sterile insect technique, declining the pesticide resistance, mass rearing of parasitoids and so on. New technology and recent research improved our knowledge of the gut bacteria diversity and function, which increased their potential for pest management. In this review, we discussed the diversity of bacteria in the economically important fruit fly and the use of these bacteria for controlling fruit fly populations. All the information is important for strengthening the future research of new strategies developed for insect pest control by the understanding of symbiotic relationships and multitrophic interactions between host plant and insects.

Abundance and Diversity of Frugivorous Fruit Flies in Kandara, Murang’a County, Kenya

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Caroline Muriuki ◽  
◽  
Mary Guantai ◽  
Namikoye Samita ◽  
Joseph Mulwa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Fruit Fly ◽  
Fruit Flies ◽  
Bactrocera Dorsalis ◽  
Pheromone Traps ◽  
Ecological Zones ◽  
Weather Patterns ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Ceratitis Cosyra ◽  
Agro Ecological Zones

Fruits and vegetables are important source of livelihood to farmers and major horticulture sub sector with high contribution to agricultural GDP in Kenya. This study was conducted to determine diversity and abundance of frugivorous fruit flies in Kandara sub county, Murang’a County in 2018, at a place where first area of low pest population was created in Kenya for Bactrocera dorsalis. Three sets of pheromone traps (Methyl-Eugenol, Cuelure and Trimedlure) were set in six trap stations within farmers’ orchards in four agro-ecological zones (LH1 (Lower Highland Zone), UM1 (Upper Mid-land Zone), UM2, and UM3). The trap catch data was collected fortnightly and data analyzed. Six fruit flies species namely; Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis cosyra, Ceratitis capitata, Zeugodacus cucurbitae, Dacus bivittatus and Perilampsis sp were identified. Bactrocera dorsalis population was significantly (P<.001) different across the four agro-ecologies with lowest densities at LH1 and highest at UM3. Likewise, C. capitata recorded significant (P=0.042) difference densities across the agro-ecological zones, but no significant (P=0.386) difference was recorded for C. cosyra across the agro-ecological zones. Further, there was significant (P=0.012) difference in the number of Perilampsis sp across the agro-ecologies with the highest number recorded in UM1. Both Z. cucurbitae (P=0.061) and D. bivittatus (P=0.056) had low abundance across the agro-ecologies. The peak infestation period differed across the various fruit fly species, whereby B. dorsalis peaked in May, C. capitata in February and C. cosyra in January. The study shows that abundance for the fruit flies is probably related to their preferred hostplant and the weather patterns. We recommend continuous monitoring and intensifying trapping activities during peak periods in order to control the pest and protect fruits from damage. Farmers should be trained on the use of pheromone traps to reduce over-reliance on pesticides. Key words: Agro-ecologies, Bactrocera dorsalis, Ceratitis sp, fruit fly density, Pheromone

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