scholarly journals Effect of Temperature on Heart Rate for Phaenicia sericata and Drosophila melanogaster with Altered Expression of the TrpA1 Receptors

Insects ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 38
Author(s):  
Nicole T. Marguerite ◽  
Jate Bernard ◽  
Douglas A. Harrison ◽  
David Harris ◽  
Robin L. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Body Wall ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Short Exposure ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Phaenicia Sericata

The transient receptor potential (TrpA—ankyrin) receptor has been linked to pathological conditions in cardiac function in mammals. To better understand the function of the TrpA1 in regulation of the heart, a Drosophila melanogaster model was used to express TrpA1 in heart and body wall muscles. Heartbeat of in intact larvae as well as hearts in situ, devoid of hormonal and neural input, indicate that strong over-expression of TrpA1 in larvae at 30 or 37 °C stopped the heart from beating, but in a diastolic state. Cardiac function recovered upon cooling after short exposure to high temperature. Parental control larvae (UAS-TrpA1) increased heart rate transiently at 30 and 37 °C but slowed at 37 °C within 3 min for in-situ preparations, while in-vivo larvae maintained a constant heart rate. The in-situ preparations maintained an elevated rate at 30 °C. The heartbeat in the TrpA1-expressing strains could not be revived at 37 °C with serotonin. Thus, TrpA1 activation may have allowed enough Ca2+ influx to activate K(Ca) channels into a form of diastolic stasis. TrpA1 activation in body wall muscle confirmed a depolarization of membrane. In contrast, blowfly Phaenicia sericata larvae increased heartbeat at 30 and 37 °C, demonstrating greater cardiac thermotolerance.

Maximum cardiac performance of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) at temperatures approaching their upper lethal limit

1996 ◽  
Vol 199 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-672 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Farrell ◽  
A Gamperl ◽  
J Hicks ◽  
H Shiels ◽  
K Jain
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Cardiac Performance ◽  
Preferred Temperature ◽  
Rainbow Trout Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Lethal Limit ◽  
Q10 Values

Numerous studies have examined the effect of temperature on in vivo and in situ cardiovascular function in trout. However, little information exists on cardiac function at temperatures near the trout's upper lethal limit. This study measured routine and maximum in situ cardiac performance in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) following acclimation to 15, 18 and 22 °C, under conditions of tonic (30 nmol l-1), intermediate (60 nmol l-1) and maximal (200 nmol l-1) adrenergic stimulation. Heart rate increased significantly with both temperature and adrenaline concentration. The Q10 values for heart rate ranged from 1.28 at 30 nmol l-1 adrenaline to 1.36 at 200 nmol l-1 adrenaline. In contrast to heart rate, maximum stroke volume declined by approximately 20 % (from 1.0 to 0.8 ml kg-1) as temperature increased from 15 to 22 °C. This decrease was not alleviated by maximally stimulating the heart with 200 nmol l-1 adrenaline. Because of the equal and opposite effects of increasing temperature on heart rate and stroke volume, maximum cardiac output did not increase between 15 and 22 °C. Maximum power output decreased (by approximately 10-15 %) at all adrenaline concentrations as temperature increased. This reduction reflected a poorer pressure-generating ability at temperatures above 15 °C. These results, in combination with earlier work, suggest (1) that peak cardiac performance occurs around the trout's preferred temperature and well below its upper lethal limit; (2) that the diminished cardiac function concomitant with acclimation to high temperatures was associated with inotropic failure; (3) that Q10 values for cardiac rate functions, other than heart rate per se, have a limited predictive value at temperatures above the trout's preferred temperature; and (4) that heart rate is a poor indicator of cardiac function at temperatures above 15 °C.

scholarly journals Inhalation of marijuana affects Drosophila heart function

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
IM Gómez ◽  
MA Rodríguez ◽  
M Santalla ◽  
G Kassis ◽  
JE Colman Lerner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Side Effects ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Genetic Model ◽  
Heart Function ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Calcium Handling

AbstractMedical uses of marijuana have been recently approved in many countries, and after a long ban on research, there is despicable scientific evidence regarding its action and side effects. We investigated the effect of inhalation of vaporized marijuana on cardiac function in Drosophila melanogaster, a suitable genetic model for assessing cardiovascular function. Chronic exposure of adult flies to vaporized marijuana reduces heart rate, increments contractility and prolongs relaxation. These changes are manifested in the cardiomyocytes with no effect in calcium handling, and in the absence of the canonical cannabinoids receptors identified in mammals. Our results are the first evidence of the in vivo impact of phytocannabinoids in D. melanogaster and open new paths for genetic screenings using vaporized compounds, providing a simple and affordable platform prior to mammalian models.

scholarly journals The Alcohol Dehydrogenase Gene Is Nested in the outspread Locus of Drosophila melanogaster

Genetics ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 143 (2) ◽  
pp. 897-911 ◽  
Author(s):  
S McNabb ◽  
S Greig ◽  
T Davis
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Alcohol Dehydrogenase ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Transcription Unit ◽  
Adjacent Gene ◽  
Dehydrogenase Gene ◽  
Chromosomal Breakpoints ◽  
Splicing Patterns ◽  
Somatic Musculature

Abstract This report describes the structure and expression of the outspread (osp) gene of Drosophila melanogaster. Previous work showed that chromosomal breakpoints associated with mutations of the osp locus map to both sides of the alcohol dehydrogenase gene (Adh), suggesting that Adh and the adjacent gene Adh' are nested in osp. We extended a chromosomal walk and mapped additional osp mutations to define the maximum molecular limit of osp as 119 kb. We identified a 6-kb transcript that hybridizes to osp region DNA and is altered or absent in osp mutants. Accumulation of this RNA peaks during embryonic and pupal periods. The osp cDNAs comprise two distinct classes based on alternative splicing patterns. The 5′ end of the longest cDNA was extended by PCR amplification. When hybridized to the osp walk, the 5′ extension verifies that Adh and Adh' are nested in osp and shows that osp has a transcription unit of ≥74 kb. In situ hybridization shows that osp is expressed both maternally and zygotically. In the ovary, osp is transcribed in nurse cells and localized in the oocyte. In embryos, expression is most abundant in the developing visceral and somatic musculature.

Herpesvirus-Associated Proliferative Skin Disease in Frogs and Toads: Proposed Pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
pp. 030098582110063
Author(s):  
Francesco C. Origgi ◽  
Patricia Otten ◽  
Petra Lohmann ◽  
Ursula Sattler ◽  
Thomas Wahli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Rana Temporaria ◽  
Skin Lesions ◽  
Bufo Bufo ◽  
Careful Examination ◽  
Altered Expression ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Cell Remodeling ◽  
Tissue Changes

A comparative study was carried out on common and agile frogs ( Rana temporaria and R. dalmatina) naturally infected with ranid herpesvirus 3 (RaHV3) and common toads ( Bufo bufo) naturally infected with bufonid herpesvirus 1 (BfHV1) to investigate common pathogenetic pathways and molecular mechanisms based on macroscopic, microscopic, and ultrastructural pathology as well as evaluation of gene expression. Careful examination of the tissue changes, supported by in situ hybridization, at different stages of development in 6 frogs and 14 toads revealed that the skin lesions are likely transient, and part of a tissue cycle necessary for viral replication in the infected hosts. Transcriptomic analysis, carried out on 2 naturally infected and 2 naïve common frogs ( Rana temporaria) and 2 naturally infected and 2 naïve common toads ( Bufo bufo), revealed altered expression of genes involved in signaling and cell remodeling in diseased animals. Finally, virus transcriptomics revealed that both RaHV3 and BfHV1 had relatively high expression of a putative immunomodulating gene predicted to encode a decoy receptor for tumor necrosis factor in the skin of the infected hosts. Thus, the comparable lesions in infected frogs and toads appear to reflect a concerted epidermal and viral cycle, with presumptive involvement of signaling and gene remodeling host and immunomodulatory viral genes.

scholarly journals Capsazepine decreases corneal pain syndrome in severe dry eye disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darine Fakih ◽  
Adrian Guerrero-Moreno ◽  
Christophe Baudouin ◽  
Annabelle Réaux-Le Goazigo ◽  
Stéphane Mélik Parsadaniantz
Keyword(s):  
In Situ Hybridization ◽  
Inflammatory Pain ◽  
Transient Receptor Potential ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Receptor Potential ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Ocular Pain ◽  
Trpv1 Antagonist ◽  
Transient Receptor

Abstract Background Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disease of the ocular surface accompanied by neurosensory abnormalities. Here, we evaluated the effectiveness of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) blockade to alleviate ocular pain, neuroinflammation, and anxiety-like behavior associated with severe DED. Methods Chronic DED was induced by unilateral excision of the Harderian and extraorbital lacrimal glands of adult male mice. Investigations were conducted at 21 days after surgery. The mRNA levels of TRPV1, transient receptor potential ankyrin-1 (TRPA1), and acid-sensing ion channels 1 and 3 (ASIC1 and ASIC3) in the trigeminal ganglion (TG) were evaluated by RNAscope in situ hybridization. Multi-unit extracellular recording of ciliary nerve fiber activity was used to monitor spontaneous and stimulated (cold, heat, and acid) corneal nerve responsiveness in ex vivo eye preparations. DED mice received topical instillations of the TRPV1 antagonist (capsazepine) twice a day for 2 weeks from d7 to d21 after surgery. The expression of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain was evaluated in the TG using a global genomic approach. Chemical and mechanical corneal nociception and spontaneous ocular pain were monitored. Finally, anxiety-like behaviors were assessed by elevated plus maze and black and white box tests. Results First, in situ hybridization showed DED to trigger upregulation of TRPV1, TRPA1, ASIC1, and ASIC3 mRNA in the ophthalmic branch of the TG. DED also induced overexpression of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the TG. Repeated instillations of capsazepine reduced corneal polymodal responsiveness to heat, cold, and acidic stimulation in ex vivo eye preparations. Consistent with these findings, chronic capsazepine instillation inhibited the upregulation of genes involved in neuropathic and inflammatory pain in the TG of DED animals and reduced the sensation of ocular pain, as well as anxiety-like behaviors associated with severe DED. Conclusion These data provide novel insights on the effectiveness of TRPV1 antagonist instillation in alleviating abnormal corneal neurosensory symptoms induced by severe DED, opening an avenue for the repositioning of this molecule as a potential analgesic treatment for patients suffering from chronic DED.

Heart rate as a marker of relapse during withdrawal of heart failure therapy in patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy: an analysis from TRED-HF

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (Supplement_2) ◽  
Author(s):  
B Halliday ◽  
A Vazir ◽  
R Owen ◽  
J Gregson ◽  
R Wassall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Dilated Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Funding Source ◽  
End Point ◽  
Therapy Withdrawal ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Withdrawal Of Therapy ◽  
Continue Therapy

Abstract Introduction In TRED-HF, 40% of patients with recovered dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) relapsed in the short-term during phased withdrawal of drug therapy. Non-invasive markers of relapse may be used to monitor patients who wish a trial of therapy withdrawal and provide insights into the pathophysiological drivers of relapse. Purpose To investigate the relationship between changes in heart rate (HR) and relapse amongst patients with recovered DCM undergoing therapy withdrawal in TRED-HF. Methods Patients with recovered DCM were randomised to phased withdrawal of therapy or to continue therapy for 6 months. After 6 months of continued therapy, those in the control arm underwent withdrawal of therapy in a single arm crossover phase. HR was measured at each study visit. Mean HR and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated at baseline, 45 days after baseline, 45 days prior to the end of the study or relapse and at the end of the study or relapse. Patients were stratified by treatment arm and the occurrence of the primary relapse end-point. Heart rate at follow-up was compared amongst patients who had therapy withdrawn and relapsed versus those who had therapy withdrawn and did not. ANCOVA was used to adjust for differences in HR at baseline between the two groups. Results Of 51 patients randomised, 26 were assigned to continue therapy and 25 to withdraw therapy. In the randomised and cross-over phases, 20 patients met the primary relapse end-point; one patient withdrew from the study and one patient completed follow-up in the control arm but did not enter the cross-over phase. Mean HR (standard deviation) at baseline and follow-up for (i) patients in the control arm was 69.9 (9.8) & 65.9 (9.1) respectively; (ii) for those who had therapy withdrawn and did not relapse was 64.6 (10.7) & 74.7 (10.4) respectively; and (iii) for those who had therapy withdrawn and relapsed was 68.3 (11.3) & 86.1 (11.8) respectively [all beats per minute]. The mean change in HR between the penultimate visit and the final visit for those who had therapy withdrawn and did not relapse was −2.4 (9.7) compared to 3.1 (15.5) for those who relapsed. After adjusting for differences in HR at baseline, the mean difference in HR measured at follow-up between patients who underwent therapy withdrawal and did, and did not relapse was 10.4bpm (95% CI 4.0–16.8; p=0.002) (Figure 1 & Table 1). Conclusion(s) A larger increase in HR may be a simple and effective marker of relapse for patients with recovered DCM who have insisted on a trial of therapy withdrawal. Whether HR control is crucial to the maintenance of remission amongst patients with improved cardiac function, or is simply a marker of deteriorating cardiac function, warrants further investigation. Funding Acknowledgement Type of funding source: Public grant(s) – National budget only. Main funding source(s): British Heart Foundation

scholarly journals Fat-body brummer lipase determines survival and cardiac function during starvation in Drosophila melanogaster

iScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 102288
Author(s):  
Annelie Blumrich ◽  
Georg Vogler ◽  
Sandra Dresen ◽  
Soda Balla Diop ◽  
Carsten Jaeger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Fat Body

Protective effects of garlic extract on cardiac function, heart rate variability, and cardiac mitochondria in obese insulin-resistant rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 919-928 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luerat Supakul ◽  
Hiranya Pintana ◽  
Nattayaporn Apaijai ◽  
Siriporn Chattipakorn ◽  
Krekwit Shinlapawittayatorn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Cardiac Function ◽  
Garlic Extract ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Cardiac Mitochondria ◽  
Insulin Resistant

Effect of temperature on streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity

2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Dong ◽  
Gengxin Ou ◽  
Xunhong Chen ◽  
Zhaowei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Sediment Cores ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
In Situ Tests ◽  
Effect Of Water ◽  
Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity ◽  
Increasing Trend ◽  
Streambed Vertical Hydraulic Conductivity

In this study, in situ and on-site permeameter tests were conducted in Clear Creek, Nebraska, USA to evaluate the effect of water temperature on streambed vertical hydraulic conductivity Kv. Fifty-two sediment cores were tested. Five of them were transferred to the laboratory for a series of experiments to evaluate the effect of water temperature on Kv. Compared with in situ tests, 42 out of the 52 tests have higher Kv values for on-site tests. The distribution of water temperature at the approximately 50 cm depth of streambed along the sand bar was investigated in the field. These temperatures had values in the range 14–19 °C with an average of 16 °C and had an increasing trend along the stream flow. On average, Kv values of the streambed sediments in the laboratory tests increase by 1.8% per 1 °C increase in water temperature. The coarser sandy sediments show a greater increase extent of the Kv value per 1 °C increase in water temperature. However, there is no distinct increasing trend of Kv value for sediment containing silt and clay layers.

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