scholarly journals Non-Invasive Genotyping of Honey Bee Queens Apis mellifera L.: Transition of the DraI mtDNA COI-COII Test to In Silico

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 19
Author(s):  
Shayne Madella ◽  
Kyle Grubbs ◽  
Mohamed Alburaki
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
In Silico ◽  
Maternal Lineage ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Mtdna Coi ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Honey Bee Queens ◽  
Universal Standard

The honey bee Apis mellifera L. colony is headed by a single and indispensable queen, whose duty it is to ensure brood production and provide pheromonal stability within the colony. This study presents a non-invasive method that allows the identification of the queen maternal lineage and subspecies using the remaining tissue of her clipped wing. The DraI mtDNA COI-COII (DmCC) test was applied to various sizes of queen and worker wings and the results were compared with data obtained from other bee tissues. Furthermore, we propose a new method allowing in silico transition of the DmCC test and haplotype identification based on extended sequencing of the tRNAleu and COII genes. Our results show that DNA extracted by Chelex 10% from one-third of a queen’s wing is deemed adequate for a successful identification of her maternal evolutionary lineage, haplotype and subspecies. The in silico method proposed in this study fully adheres to the established guidelines of the DmCC, provides a universal standard for haplotype identification, and offers faster and more precise results by reconciling both cleaved amplified polymorphic sequences (CAPS) and Sanger sequencing approaches.

scholarly journals The physical, insemination, and reproductive quality of honey bee queens (Apis mellifera L.)

Apidologie ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deborah A. Delaney ◽  
Jennifer J. Keller ◽  
Joel R. Caren ◽  
David R. Tarpy
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bee Queens

scholarly journals Effect of Different Substrates on the Acceptance of Grafted Larvae in Commercial Honey Bee (Apis Mellifera) Queen Rearing

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia A. Contreras-Martinez ◽  
Francisca Contreras-Escareño ◽  
José O. Macias-Macias ◽  
Jose M. Tapia-Gonzalez ◽  
Tatiana Petukhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Acceptance Rate ◽  
Coconut Water ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Queen Rearing ◽  
Honey Bee Queens

Abstract The need for the increased production of honey bee (Apis mellifera) queens has led beekeepers to use different substrates in artificial queen cups where larvae destined to become queens are deposited (grafting). However, not enough scientific evidence exists that indicates that this practice is useful and what substance offers the best results. This study was conducted to determine with the Doolittle queen rearing method the acceptance rate of larvae deposited on different substrates during grafting and to determine if the sugar content and pH of the substrates used affect the acceptance of larvae in cell builder colonies. The evaluated substrates were coconut water, apple nectar, royal jelly, cola soda and distilled water, plus control (without substrate). Grafted larvae of the six treatments were introduced into cell builder colonies and their acceptance verified after 72 h. Apple nectar provided the highest rate of larvae acceptance with 81.06%, followed by cola soda with 62.93%, coconut water with 60.90%, royal jelly with 57.82% and distilled water with 58.99%. The larvae acceptance rates of all substrates were significantly higher than the control, which had an acceptance rate of 47.04%. No significant relationship was found between the sugar content of the substrates and larvae acceptance. However, although not significant, a high negative correlation was found between the substrate pH and the number of accepted larvae (Rho = - 0.90, p = 0.07). These results suggest that the use of liquid acidic substrates during larvae grafting, in particular apple nectar, may increase the production of honey bee queens.

scholarly journals CT-supported analysis of the destructive effects of Varroa destructor on the pre-imaginal development of honey bee, Apis mellifera

Apidologie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sándor Keszthelyi ◽  
Tamás Sipos ◽  
Ádám Csóka ◽  
Tamás Donkó
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Varroa Destructor ◽  
Surface Density ◽  
Experimental Setup ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Important Health ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
Experimental Approaches

Abstract The ectoparasitic mite, Varroa destructor, is a most important health risk for European honey bee subspecies (Apis mellifera) globally. There is a scarcity in experimental approaches addressing this issue by using computed tomography. Our purpose was to determine the decrease in the volume, surface, density and weight alteration triggered by V. destructor in pre-imaginal stages of A. mellifera using computer-based 3-D reconstruction technology. Computer tomography used in the current study proved to be sufficiently sensitive for the detection of V. destructor in comb cells. This non-invasive experimental setup revealed that the developing worker pupae have retained their volume and surface values, whereas the weight loss triggered by V. destructor was statistically confirmed. In addition, the disappearance of lower radiodensity tissues is shown to be due to mite parasitism, which can be primarily explained by haemolymph losses.

scholarly journals Feeding by Tropilaelaps mercedesae on pre- and post-capped brood increases damage to Apis mellifera colonies

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patcharin Phokasem ◽  
Lilia I. de Guzman ◽  
Kitiphong Khongphinitbunjong ◽  
Amanda M. Frake ◽  
Panuwan Chantawannakul
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Honey Bees ◽  
Brood Production ◽  
Deformed Wing Virus ◽  
Larval Stages ◽  
Queen Cell ◽  
Tropilaelaps Mercedesae ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Mite Infestations

Abstract Tropilaelaps mercedesae parasitism can cause Apis mellifera colony mortality in Asia. Here, we report for the first time that tropilaelaps mites feed on both pre- and post-capped stages of honey bees. Feeding on pre-capped brood may extend their survival outside capped brood cells, especially in areas where brood production is year-round. In this study, we examined the types of injury inflicted by tropilaelaps mites on different stages of honey bees, the survival of adult honey bees, and level of honey bee viruses in 4th instar larvae and prepupae. The injuries inflicted on different developing honey bee stages were visualised by staining with trypan blue. Among pre-capped stages, 4th instar larvae sustained the highest number of wounds (4.6 ± 0.5/larva) while 2nd-3rd larval instars had at least two wounds. Consequently, wounds were evident on uninfested capped brood (5th-6th instar larvae = 3.91 ± 0.64 wounds; prepupae = 5.25 ± 0.73 wounds). Tropilaelaps mite infestations resulted in 3.4- and 6-fold increases in the number of wounds in 5th-6th instar larvae and prepupae as compared to uninfested capped brood, respectively. When wound-inflicted prepupae metamorphosed to white-eyed pupae, all wound scars disappeared with the exuviae. This healing of wounds contributed to the reduction of the number of wounds (≤10) observed on the different pupal stages. Transmission of mite-borne virus such as Deformed Wing Virus (DWV) was also enhanced by mites feeding on early larval stages. DWV and Black Queen Cell Virus (BQCV) were detected in all 4th instar larvae and prepupae analysed. However, viral levels were more pronounced in scarred 4th instar larvae and infested prepupae. The remarkably high numbers of wounds and viral load on scarred or infested developing honey bees may have caused significant weight loss and extensive injuries observed on the abdomen, wings, legs, proboscis and antennae of adult honey bees. Together, the survival of infested honey bees was significantly compromised. This study demonstrates the ability of tropilaelaps mites to inflict profound damage on A. mellifera hosts. Effective management approaches need to be developed to mitigate tropilaelaps mite problems.

scholarly journals Egg‐size plasticity in Apis mellifera : Honey bee queens alter egg size in response to both genetic and environmental factors

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmaeil Amiri ◽  
Kevin Le ◽  
Carlos Vega Melendez ◽  
Micheline K. Strand ◽  
David R. Tarpy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Apis Mellifera ◽  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Honey Bee ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Genetic And Environmental Factors ◽  
Honey Bee Queens
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