scholarly journals Click Beetle Mitogenomics with the Definition of a New Subfamily Hapatesinae from Australasia (Coleoptera: Elateridae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 17
Author(s):  
Dominik Kusy ◽  
Michal Motyka ◽  
Ladislav Bocak
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Terminal Position ◽  
Bayesian Analyses ◽  
Click Beetle ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Phylogenomic Analyses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Nearctic Region

Elateridae is a taxon with very unstable classification and a number of conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses have been based on morphology and molecular data. We assembled eight complete mitogenomes for seven elaterid subfamilies and merged these taxa with an additional 22 elaterids and an outgroup. The structure of the newly produced mitogenomes showed a very similar arrangement with regard to all earlier published mitogenomes for the Elateridae. The maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses indicated that Hapatesus Candèze, 1863, is a sister of Parablacinae and Pityobiinae. Therefore, Hapatesinae, a new subfamily, is proposed for the Australian genera Hapatesus (21 spp.) and Toorongus Neboiss, 1957 (4 spp.). Parablacinae, Pityobiinae, and Hapatesinae have a putative Gondwanan origin as the constituent genera are known from the Australian region (9 genera) and Neotropical region (Tibionema Solier, 1851), and only Pityobius LeConte, 1853, occurs in the Nearctic region. Another putative Gondwanan lineage, the Afrotropical Morostomatinae, forms either a serial paraphylum with the clade of Parablacinae, Pityobiinae, and Hapatesinae or is rooted in a more terminal position, but always as an independent lineage. An Eudicronychinae lineage was either recovered as a sister to Melanotini or as a deep split inside Elaterinae and we herein transfer the group to Elaterinae as Eudicronychini, a new status. The mitochondrial genomes provide a sufficient signal for the placement of most lineages, but the deep bipartitions need to be compared with phylogenomic analyses.

Two new freshwater planarian species (Platyhelminthes: Tricladida: Dugesiidae) partially sympatric in Argentinean Patagonia

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-278
Author(s):  
M. Lenguas Francavilla ◽  
L. Negrete ◽  
A. Martínez-Aquino ◽  
C. Damborenea ◽  
F. Brusa
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Mitochondrial Coi ◽  
Argentinean Patagonia ◽  
The Family ◽  
Taxonomic Approach ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Endemic Flora

Girardia Ball, 1974 is the most diverse and widely distributed genus of the family Dugesiidae (Platyhelminthes: Continenticola) in the Neotropical region. Seven out of the 52 species of the genus are known for Argentina. The Somuncurá Plateau is a region in northern Patagonia with several endemic flora and fauna, but little is known about the free-living Platyhelminthes. We describe two new species of Girardia partially inhabiting in sympatry in the Somuncurá Plateau: Girardia somuncura sp. nov. and Girardia tomasi sp. nov. The identification criteria that we followed was an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological and molecular data. Thus, we used anatomical features focused on the reproductive system, together with a phylogenetic analysis, using a mitochondrial (COI barcode region) genetic marker. This study is the first phylogenetic analysis of the genus Girardia in which we include the southernmost representatives of America here described, thus making it possible to incorporate them in global phylogenies.

Toward a biogeographic regionalization of the Nearctic region: Area nomenclature and digital map

Zootaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5027 (3) ◽  
pp. 351-375
Author(s):  
TANIA ESCALANTE ◽  
GERARDO RODRÍGUEZ-TAPIA ◽  
JUAN J. MORRONE
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Transition Zone ◽  
Rocky Mountain ◽  
Volcanic Belt ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
The Arctic ◽  
Digital Map ◽  
Biogeographic Regionalization ◽  
Sierra Madre ◽  
Nearctic Region

We provide a preliminary nomenclatural proposal and a digital map of the Nearctic region, based on published regionalizations, especially Dice (1943), and applying the International Code of Area Nomenclature. The Nearctic region is comprised of three subregions (one of them with two dominions), one transition zone and 29 provinces. The Arctic subregion, in northern North America and Greenland, includes the Eskimoan, Hudsonian, Aleutian and Sitkan provinces. The Western subregion, in western North America, includes the Californian dominion, with the Californian and Oregonian provinces; and the Rocky Mountain dominion, including the Montanian, Saskatchewan, Palusian, Artemisian, Coloradan, Kansan, Mohavian, Navahonian, Sonoran, Chihuahuan, Comanche, and Baja California provinces. The Alleghany subregion, in eastern North America, includes the Illinoian, Canadian, Carolinian, Texan, Austroriparian, and Tamaulipan provinces. The Mexican Transition Zone, situated in the area of overlap with the Neotropical region, includes the Sierra Madre Occidental, Sierra Madre Oriental, Transmexican Volcanic Belt, Sierra Madre del Sur and Chiapas Highlands provinces.  

Revisiting the circumscription of Chusquea anelythra (Poaceae–Bambusoideae–Bambuseae): lectotypification, redescription, geographic distribution, and conservation status

Phytotaxa ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 529 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-85
Author(s):  
KAIO VINICIUS DE A. VIDAL ◽  
CASSIANO A. DORNELES WELKER ◽  
ALAÍSMA PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
ANA PAULA SANTOS-GONÇALVES ◽  
LYNN G. CLARK ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Related Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Original Publication ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
Informal Group ◽  
Emended Description ◽  
Definition Of

With 193 described species, Chusquea is the most diverse bamboo genus in the Neotropical region. Brazil, with 48 accepted species and 44 of them endemic, is one of its major centers of diversity. Among the Brazilian species, C. anelythra was only superficially characterized in its original publication almost 200 years ago, without a clear definition of its type-material, description of culm leaves, or comments on its geographic distribution or related species. As the absence of such information has greatly complicated the taxonomic delimitation of C. anelythra, the major aim of this paper is to clarify the identity of this species based on fieldwork and herbarium investigation, providing an emended description, illustrations, and photos of this species. We also designate a lectotype for the name C. anelythra, and provide a morphological comparison with two similar members of the C. meyeriana informal group. Geographic distribution and conservation status are also updated for this species.

Review of the genus Phormidesmis (Cyanobacteria) based on environmental, morphological, and molecular data with description of a new genus Leptodesmis

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 395 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
LENKA RAABOVÁ ◽  
LUBOMIR KOVACIK ◽  
JOSEF ELSTER ◽  
OTAKAR STRUNECKÝ
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Data ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Filamentous Cyanobacteria ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Taxonomic Methods ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
Definition Of

Very thin filamentous cyanobacteria are ubiquitous in a wide range of environments. For many years they were traditionally studied according to their morphological properties only. With the introduction of additional taxonomic methods (cytomorphological analyses, molecular sequencing, exact ecological studies, better data about phytogeographical distribution), traditional genera such as Leptolyngbya and Phormidium were found to be polyphyletic. Phormidesmis belonged to a newly formed genus that was supposed to explain the variability of such very thin simple filamentous cyanobacteria. However, even after definition of Phormidesmis based on distinct cytomorphological and phylogenetic traits, the variability within this genus remained unresolved. Here we analyzed 26 Phormidesmis strains to describe the variability within this genus, classified two new species (P. arctica and P. communis) and transferred Leptolyngbya nigrescens into P. nigrescens. A tabular review of Phormidesmis species is included. The diacritical features of all these species are: width up to 1–4 µm, barrel-shaped cells, which can be shorter or slightly longer than wide, with apparent constrictions at the cross-walls. Our study shows that Phormidesmis is a morphologically and genetically well-defined genus with a global distribution. A newly described genus Leptodesmis has significant morphological similarities both with Phormidesmis and Leptolyngbya, however with intermediate phylogenetic position with significant divergence in 16S rRNA gene. Leptodesmis is cryptic both to Phormidesmis and Leptolyngbya. In the initial part of the life cycle resembles Leptolyngbya, the appearance of older trichomes change to Phormidesmis like morphology.

scholarly journals Mitochondrial Architecture Rearrangements Produce Asymmetrical Nonadaptive Mutational Pressures That Subvert the Phylogenetic Reconstruction in Isopoda

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1797-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Hong Zou ◽  
Cong-Jie Hua ◽  
Wen-Xiang Li ◽  
Shahid Mahboob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Histories ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Long Branch Attraction ◽  
Mitochondrial Data ◽  
Gc Skew ◽  
Limited Applicability ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Almost All

Abstract The phylogeny of Isopoda, a speciose order of crustaceans, remains unresolved, with different data sets (morphological, nuclear, mitochondrial) often producing starkly incongruent phylogenetic hypotheses. We hypothesized that extreme diversity in their life histories might be causing compositional heterogeneity/heterotachy in their mitochondrial genomes, and compromising the phylogenetic reconstruction. We tested the effects of different data sets (mitochondrial, nuclear, nucleotides, amino acids, concatenated genes, individual genes, gene orders), phylogenetic algorithms (assuming data homogeneity, heterogeneity, and heterotachy), and partitioning; and found that almost all of them produced unique topologies. As we also found that mitogenomes of Asellota and two Cymothoida families (Cymothoidae and Corallanidae) possess inversed base (GC) skew patterns in comparison to other isopods, we concluded that inverted skews cause long-branch attraction phylogenetic artifacts between these taxa. These asymmetrical skews are most likely driven by multiple independent inversions of origin of replication (i.e., nonadaptive mutational pressures). Although the PhyloBayes CAT-GTR algorithm managed to attenuate some of these artifacts (and outperform partitioning), mitochondrial data have limited applicability for reconstructing the phylogeny of Isopoda. Regardless of this, our analyses allowed us to propose solutions to some unresolved phylogenetic debates, and support Asellota are the most likely candidate for the basal isopod branch. As our findings show that architectural rearrangements might produce major compositional biases even on relatively short evolutionary timescales, the implications are that proving the suitability of data via composition skew analyses should be a prerequisite for every study that aims to use mitochondrial data for phylogenetic reconstruction, even among closely related taxa.

Ammonites phylogenetic analysis: state of the art and new prospects

2004 ◽  
Vol 175 (5) ◽  
pp. 507-512 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabelle Rouget ◽  
Pascal Neigeet ◽  
Jean-Louis Dommergues
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Reconstruction ◽  
Cladistic Analysis ◽  
Relative Weight ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Quality Of Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Evolutionary Concepts ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Iterative Evolution

Abstract Two main types of data are available to resolve phylogenies using fossils data: (1) stratigraphic ordering of taxa, and (2) morphological characters. In most phylogenetic studies dealing with ammonites, authors have given priority to the stratigraphic distribution of taxa. This practice is classically justified by the fact that the ammonite fossil record is frequently outstandingly good. In practice, the level of integration of stratigraphic and morphologic information in a single analysis depends on the confidence that authors have in the quality of data. Besides, many evolutionary concepts, which could differ over time and between authors (e.g. anagenesis, cladogenesis, iterative evolution), are added to these data to help infer phylogenetic relationships. As a result, phylogenetic hypotheses are based on eclectic methods which depend on the relative weight given to stratigraphic and morphologic information as well as on evolutionary concepts used. The validity of relationships proposed by previous authors is not dealt with in this paper. Instead, our goal is to draw attention to problems that these eclectic methods may cause, that is to say: (1) ammonites systematics is poorly formalised and (2) phylogenetic hypotheses as they are classically constructed are not rigorously testable. During the last 10 years, cladistic analysis has been applied to ammonites but is still unpopular among ammonitologists. However, studies have consistently shown that cladistics is not as unsuited a tool for ammonites phylogenetic reconstruction as is widely believed. Moreover, classical works open new questions about ammonite phylogeny and in particular, help to reappraise our view on the definition of morphological characters and their phylogenetic significance.

scholarly journals Genotyping Porcine Circovirus 3 (PCV-3) Nowadays: Does It Make Sense?

Viruses ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanni Franzo ◽  
Eric Delwart ◽  
Robert Fux ◽  
Ben Hause ◽  
Shuo Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Porcine Circovirus ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Reading Frame ◽  
Porcine Circovirus 3 ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Genomic Regions

The discovery of a globally distributed porcine circovirus (Porcine circovirus 3; PCV-3) has led to intense research activity and the production of a large amount of molecular data. Different research groups have proposed several, not always concordant, genotypes for this virus. While such categories could aid an easier interpretation of PCV-3 molecular epidemiology, any classification, to be useful in practical settings, must be univocal and of help in the understanding of underlying biological features and epidemiology. Based on these premises, the possibility of defining PCV-3 genotypes was evaluated on the broadest available dataset of PCV-3 complete genome (n = 357) and open reading frame 2 (ORF2, n = 653) sequences. Genetic distance and phylogenetic clustering were selected as the main objective criteria. Additional factors, including the number of within-cluster sequences, host and geographic clustering, concordance between different genomic regions, and analysis method were also taken in account to generate a classification that could be effectively applied in research and diagnostic settings. A maximum within-genotype genetic distance of 3% at the complete genome and 6% at the ORF2 levels, bootstrap support higher than 90%, and concordance between analysis methods allowed us to clearly define two clades which could be potentially defined as genotypes. Further subdivision was not suggested due to the absence of a meaningful association between PCV-3 and its biological/epidemiological features. Nevertheless, since one of the clades included two strains only, thus far we formally propose the definition of only one PCV-3 genotype (PCV-3a). The established criteria will allow us to automatically recognize other genotypes when more strain sequences are characterized.

Global classification and evolution of brushlegged mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera: Oligoneuriidae): phylogenetic analyses of morphological and molecular data and dated historical biogeography

2019 ◽  
Vol 187 (2) ◽  
pp. 378-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiana Criste Massariol ◽  
Daniela Maeda Takiya ◽  
Frederico Falcão Salles
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
The Family ◽  
Family Based

AbstractOligoneuriidae is a Pantropical family of Ephemeroptera, with 68 species described in 12 genera. Three subfamilies are recognized: Chromarcyinae, with a single species from East Asia; Colocrurinae, with two fossil species from Brazil; and Oligoneuriinae, with the remaining species distributed in the Neotropical, Nearctic, Afrotropical and Palaearctic regions. Phylogenetic and biogeographical analyses were performed for the family based on 2762 characters [73 morphological and 2689 molecular (COI, 16S, 18S and 28S)]. Four major groups were recovered in all analyses (parsimony, maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference), and they were assigned to tribal level, namely Oligoneuriini, Homoeoneuriini trib. nov., Oligoneuriellini trib. nov. and Elassoneuriini trib. nov. In addition, Yawari and Madeconeuria were elevated to genus level. According to Statistical Dispersal-Vicariance (S-DIVA), Dispersal Extinction Cladogenesis (DEC) and divergence time estimation analyses, Oligoneuriidae originated ~150 Mya in the Gondwanan supercontinent, but was probably restricted to the currently delimited Neotropical region. The initial divergence of Oligoneuriidae involved a range expansion to Oriental and Afrotropical areas, sometime between 150 and 118 Mya. At ~118 Mya, the family started its diversification, reaching the Nearctic through dispersal from the Neotropical region and the Palaearctic and Madagascar from the Afrotropical region.

Morphological phylogeny and review of the generic classification of Colletinae (Hymenoptera: Colletidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafael R Ferrari ◽  
Laurence Packer
Keyword(s):  
Functional Traits ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Phylogenies ◽  
Phylogenetic Hypotheses

Abstract The bee subfamily Colletinae includes 542 species, the vast majority of which (518 spp.) belong to Colletes. The generic placement of the remaining 24 species has been controversial, resulting in several classifications being proposed. Despite several recently published molecular phylogenies of Colletinae, it remains unknown (1) what morphological synapomorphies support the recognized genera, (2) in which direction some relevant functional traits (e.g. basitibial plate) have evolved and (3) whether morphology supports the available molecular data. Herein, we provide a morphological phylogeny of Colletinae, which was constructed through parsimony analyses of 186 characters. In total, 50 ingroup species were included representing all major lineages of Colletes (29 spp.), plus all but three of the non-Colletes species of Colletinae (21 spp.). Trees were estimated through equal weights and extended implied weighting. Both provide strong support for the monophyly of Colletinae and indicate that the subfamily is defined by four unique synapomorphies. Our results also confirm recent phylogenetic hypotheses showing that Colletinae can be subdivided into two major clades: one comprising the reciprocally monophyletic Mourecotelles and Xanthocotelles; the other includes Colletes plus Hemicotelles, which are also reciprocally monophyletic. We also provide a fully illustrated key to facilitate generic identification of the Colletinae.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document