scholarly journals The Importance of Males to Bumble Bee (Bombus Species) Nest Development and Colony Viability

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Belsky ◽  
Allison A. Camp ◽  
David M. Lehmann
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Bumble Bee ◽  
Population Stability ◽  
Population Declines ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Causative Factors ◽  
Colony Fitness ◽  
Unique Manner

Bumble bee population declines over the last decade have stimulated strong interest in determining causative factors and necessary conservation measures. Research attention has largely been directed toward bumble bee worker and queen health and their contributions to population stability, while male bees (i.e., drones) have typically been overlooked regarding their role in influencing colony fitness and longevity. In this review we assess existing literature on the diverse role of males within bumble bee nests and their importance to queen health and fitness, as well as to overall nest success. The implications of reproductive measures, including sperm transfer, mating behavior, mating plugs, and male immunity, among other topics, are examined. Overall, bumble bee males are found to drive colony function in a unique manner. Current knowledge gaps pertaining to the role of males are discussed. We highlight the importance of drones to queen success and fitness in many ways, and suggest future research exploring impacts of this often-neglected caste.

Social capital in the theory and research of LIS professionals in the light of the literature on the subject. Review of current knowledge

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Dorota Wojciechowska
Keyword(s):  
Social Capital ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Social Capital ◽  
Rural Libraries ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of the paper is to present the latest scholarly trends in the field of social capital in libraries, to review research concepts published by LIS professionals and to suggest further research possibilities in this area. Design/methodology/approach This paper presents a review and critical analysis of literature associated with research on social capital in libraries to highlight its importance for the development of LIS and its impact on the functioning of environments linked with various types of libraries. The goal of literature analysis was to determine the current condition of research on social capital in libraries. The main trends were identified and the need for further qualitative analyses, which are missing at the moment, was confirmed. Findings It was determined that, so far, LIS professionals have focussed mainly on the role of municipal libraries in developing social capital, the problem of building trust, especially in immigrant circles and the impact of libraries on promoting a civil society. Academic libraries, rural libraries, organisational capital in libraries and individual social capital of librarians were a much less frequent subject of research. The role of libraries in developing social capital in educational (primary and secondary education) and professional (non-university professionals) circles is practically non-existent in research, and it will require in-depth studies and analyses in the coming years. Originality/value This paper constitutes a synthetic review of the latest research concepts concerning social capital in libraries. It identifies the most important research trends and areas that so far have not been explored and suggests research methods to help LIS professionals design future research in this area more effectively.

Impact of perceived organizational support and green transformational leadership on sustainable organizational performance: a SEM approach

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Manita Kusi ◽  
Fuqiang Zhao ◽  
Dinesh Sukamani
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Organizational Performance ◽  
Organizational Support ◽  
Perceived Organizational Support ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Staff Level

PurposeThe study aims to scrutinize the concomitant associations between corporate social responsibility (CSR), perceived organizational support (POS), green transformational leadership (GTL) and organizational performance (OP). This paper aims to explore the role of intervening variable to measure the strength on the relationship between CSR and OP.Design/methodology/approachThis research administered a survey through self-administered questionnaire among the staff-level employees of construction companies of Nepal. Fully filled 305 responses from the participants were analyzed using a structural equation model. The study used self-structured questionnaire as research tool and face-to-face meetings as data collection technique.FindingsThe research indicates that POS showed competitive partial mediation relation between CSR and OP. Besides, a novel exploration of the moderation effect of GTL displays a supportive role in harmonizing the CSR with organizational support to achieve better OP. This study enriches empirical evidence to understand the linkage between CSR and POS in staff-level employees in the construction area. Moreover, the research shed a light on GTL 's moderating influence on the mediated model of CSR, POS and OP.Research limitations/implicationsAlthough the results of the study add to the current knowledge base, several limitations highlight avenues for future research. Future studies can explore the relationship in other study areas with added evidence on a similar result with different analysis patterns and study sample. The research model studied in the context of Nepal creating evidence as a representation for the developing countries.Originality/valueThe intervening role of POS and GTL gives new insight for the research-based organization based social behavior and performance

scholarly journals Emerging role of a novel small non-coding regulatory RNA: tRNA-derived small RNA

ExRNA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fangfang Jin ◽  
Zhigang Guo
Keyword(s):  
Small Rna ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Regulatory Rna ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Non Coding Rna ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Abstract The discovery of small non-coding RNAs, such as miRNA and piRNA, has dramatically changed our understanding of the role RNA plays in organisms. Recent studies show that a novel small non-coding RNA generated from cleavage of tRNA or pre-tRNA, called tRNA-derived small RNA (tsRNA), serves as a new regulator of gene expression. tsRNA has been determined participate in regulating some specific physiological and pathological processes. Although knowledge regarding the biological roles of miRNA and piRNA is expanding, whether tsRNAs play similar roles remains poorly understood. Here, we review the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of action and biological functions of tsRNAs in intracellular, extracellular and intergenerational inheritance, and highlight the potential application of tsRNAs in human diseases, and present the current problems and future research directions.

scholarly journals HYPOXIA AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH: The presence and role of hypoxia in the endometrium

Reproduction ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 161 (1) ◽  
pp. F1-F17
Author(s):  
Rocío Martínez-Aguilar ◽  
Lucy E Kershaw ◽  
Jane J Reavey ◽  
Hilary O D Critchley ◽  
Jacqueline A Maybin
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Hypoxic Episode ◽  
Optimal Function ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Review Current

The endometrium is a multicellular tissue that is exquisitely responsive to the ovarian hormones. The local mechanisms of endometrial regulation to ensure optimal function are less well characterised. Transient physiological hypoxia has been proposed as a critical regulator of endometrial function. Herein, we review the literature on hypoxia in the non-pregnant endometrium. We discuss the pros and cons of animal models, human laboratory studies and novel in vivo imaging for the study of endometrial hypoxia. These research tools provide mounting evidence of a transient hypoxic episode in the menstrual endometrium and suggest that endometrial hypoxia may be present at the time of implantation. This local hypoxia may modify the inflammatory environment, influence vascular remodelling and modulate endometrial proliferation to optimise endometrial function. Finally, we review current knowledge of the impact of this hypoxia on endometrial pathologies, with a focus on abnormal uterine bleeding. Throughout the manuscript areas for future research are highlighted with the aim of concentrating research efforts to maximise future benefits for women and society.

scholarly journals Regular Physical Activity and Risk of Venous Thromboembolism

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (08) ◽  
pp. 765-779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sigrid Brækkan ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen ◽  
Line Evensen
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Objective Assessment ◽  
Operational Definition ◽  
Assessment Method ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Dependent Manner

AbstractVenous thromboembolism (VTE) is a complex multifactorial disease that represents a growing public health concern. Identification of modifiable risk factors at the population level may provide a measure to reduce the burden of VTE. In this review, we summarize current knowledge of the role of physical activity on the risk of VTE and VTE-related complications. We also discuss methodological challenges related to research on physical activity, and put forward plausible mechanisms for an association between physical activity and VTE. Up to now, published studies have reported diverging results on the relationship between physical activity and VTE, and a complex picture has emerged. However, the available evidence appears to be balanced toward a small beneficial effect of physical activity on the risk of incident VTE, but not in a dose-dependent manner. Still, the lack of an operational definition and standardized assessment method for physical activity, as well as several sources of bias, impairs the interpretation of the available literature. Additional work is necessary to understand the role and how to apply physical activity in the VTE setting. Future research should utilize objective assessment strategies of physical activity and physical fitness, account for the fluctuating nature in habitual activity levels, and explore the role of physical activity in the areas of secondary prevention and VTE-related complications.

scholarly journals Role of microRNAs in Venous Thromboembolism

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 2602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vânia M. Morelli ◽  
Sigrid K. Brækkan ◽  
John-Bjarne Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Animal Models ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Gene Expressions

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are non-coding RNAs that execute their function by targeted downregulation of gene expressions. There is growing evidence from epidemiological studies and animal models suggesting that the expression level of miRNAs is dysregulated in venous thromboembolism (VTE). In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE and provide general insight into research exploring the modulation of miRNA activity in animal models of venous thrombosis. Up to now, published studies have yielded inconsistent results on the role of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE with most of the reports focused on diagnostic research. The limited statistical power of the individual studies, due to the small sample sizes, may substantially contribute to the poor reproducibility among studies. In animal models, over-expression or inhibition of some miRNAs appear to influence venous thrombus formation and resolution. However, there is an important gap in knowledge on the potential role of miRNAs as therapeutic targets in VTE. Future research involving large cohorts should be designed to clarify the clinical usefulness of miRNAs as biomarkers for VTE, and animal model studies should be pursued to unravel the role of miRNAs in the pathogenesis of VTE and their potential as therapeutic targets.

scholarly journals The role of organisms in hyporheic processes: gaps in current knowledge, needs for future research and applications

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Marmonier ◽  
G. Archambaud ◽  
N. Belaidi ◽  
N. Bougon ◽  
P. Breil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Future Research

scholarly journals The Fascinating Paradox of Osteoporosis in Axial Spondyloarthropathy

2017 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1767-1776 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gillian E. Fitzgerald ◽  
Finbar D. O’Shea
Keyword(s):  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Advanced Disease ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Measurement Techniques ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Axial Spondyloarthropathy

Low bone mineral density (BMD) is a recognized feature of axial spondyloarthropathy (axSpA). However, the osteoproliferation inherent in axSpA can make traditional dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry assessment inaccurate, particularly in structurally advanced disease. As a result, much about osteoporosis in axSpA is unknown. There is a wide variation in prevalence figures for low BMD in the literature. There is also no consensus regarding risk factors for developing low BMD in axSpA. It is accepted that there is an excess of vertebral fractures in patients with axSpA, but the role of low BMD in contributing to this risk is virtually unknown. This article provides a comprehensive review of the current knowledge regarding low BMD in axSpA. It highlights our current BMD measurement techniques along with their potential pitfalls, and discusses the significance of BMD in vertebral fractures. It also identifies gaps in our knowledge and makes recommendations for future research.

scholarly journals A theoretical model of transformational leadership and knowledge creation: The role of open-mindedness norms and leader–member exchange

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herman HM Tse ◽  
Rebecca J Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Transformational Leadership ◽  
Theoretical Model ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Leader Member Exchange ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
Member Exchange ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

AbstractConsiderable research attention has been devoted to understanding the importance of knowledge creation in organisations over the last decade. Research suggests that leadership plays an important role in knowledge-creation processes. Nonetheless, there is an important omission in knowledge creation research; namely, what are the underlying processes that underpin the implications of leadership for knowledge creation? This article aims to develop a theoretical model of leadership and knowledge creation by drawing on two contrasting leadership perspectives; that is transformational leadership and leader–member exchange (LMX), and the research on open-mindedness norms. Specifically, we argue why transformational leadership is related to knowledge creation, and also theorise how open-mindedness norms and LMX quality serve as underlying mechanisms to underpin the effect of transformational leadership on knowledge creation. We conclude with a discussion of implications of the model for theory and practice, and also suggest potential avenues for future research.

scholarly journals Molecular Interactions between Pathogens and the Circadian Clock

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 5824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sailen Barik
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Direct Interaction ◽  
Cellular Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Large Network ◽  
Host Pathogen Interaction ◽  
Cellular Genes ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Molecular Aspects

The daily periodicity of the Earth’s rotation around the Sun, referred to as circadian (Latin “circa” = about, and “diem” = day), is also mirrored in the behavior and metabolism of living beings. The discovery that dedicated cellular genes control various aspects of this periodicity has led to studies of the molecular mechanism of the circadian response at the cellular level. It is now established that the circadian genes impact on a large network of hormonal, metabolic, and immunological pathways, affecting multiple aspects of biology. Recent studies have extended the role of the circadian system to the regulation of infection, host–pathogen interaction, and the resultant disease outcome. This critical review summarizes our current knowledge of circadian-pathogen interaction at both systemic and cellular levels, but with emphasis on the molecular aspects of the regulation. Wherever applicable, the potential of a direct interaction between circadian factors and pathogenic macromolecules is also explored. Finally, this review offers new directions and guidelines for future research in this area, which should facilitate progress.

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