scholarly journals Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Chlorpyrifos on Biological Traits and Feeding of the Aphidophagous Predator Harmonia axyridis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 491
Author(s):  
Muhammad Asim Rasheed ◽  
Muhammad Musa Khan ◽  
Muhammad Hafeez ◽  
Jing Zhao ◽  
Yasir Islam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Developmental Period ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Third Instar Larvae

Except of pest control, insecticides have shown adverse effects on natural enemies as well. Thus, risk assessment of pesticides for biological control agents is critical for effective use in integrated pest management (IPM) schemes. In the present study, the lethal and sublethal effects of chlorpyrifos, a commonly used insecticide that may negatively affect biological control agents, were evaluated on a non-target predator, the Asian ladybeetle Harmonia axyridis. Previous studies have reported on lethal concentrations, but the effects of sublethal concentrations remain unclear. Lethal and sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos were applied to third instar larvae of H. axyridis, and different growth and developmental parameters were measured. Treatment with LC10 (4.62 mg a.i. L−1) significantly shortened the developmental period of third instar larvae, whereas it significantly prolonged those of fourth instar larvae and pupa. Treatment with LC30 (9.59 mg a.i. L−1) significantly increased the larval and pupal developmental period compared with that of the control, whereas feeding potential, female fecundity, and adult longevity significantly decreased after LC10 and LC30 treatment. The pre-oviposition period significantly increased compared with that of the control. Population growth parameters, the finite (λ) and intrinsic rate of increase (r) and the net reproductive rate (R0), decreased following exposure to sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos. According to the results, the use of chlorpyrifos in IPM schemes requires further research because even sublethal concentrations of this insecticide were harmful to H. axyridis population growth.

scholarly journals Effects of sublethal concentrations and application concentration of SYP-9625 on Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval) and its natural enemy, Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingqi Ouyang ◽  
Yajing Tian ◽  
Chunxian Jiang ◽  
Qunfang Yang ◽  
Haijian Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Natural Enemy ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Predatory Mite ◽  
Neoseiulus Californicus ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Tetranychus Cinnabarinus ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations

AbstractObjectiveExploring the effects of acaricides on predatory mites is crucial for the combination of biological and chemical control of pests. In this study, sublethal effects of the new acaricide SYP-9625 on Tetranychus cinnabarinus (Boisduval), effects of application concentration of SYP-9625 on the predatory mite Neoseiulus californicus (McGregor) and functional responses of N. californicus were assessed. The aim of the present study was to evaluate and explore the application of new acaricide SYP-9625 with natural enemy N. californicus.MethodAll the experiments were under laboratory conditions [25 ± 1 °C, 16:8 (L:D) h and 75 ± 5% RH] and based on an age-stage, two-sex life table. The sublethal concentrations against T. cinnabarinus, including LC10 (0.375 μg/mL) and LC30 (0.841 μg/mL) and the application concentration (100 μg/mL) of SYP-9625, were used to evaluate effects on population parameters of N. californicus.ResultT. cinnabarinus females treated with LC30 exhibited significantly reduced net reproductive rates (R0=11.02) of offspring compared to females treated with LC10 (R0=14.96) and untreated females (>R0=32.74). However, the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and finite rate of increase (λ) of N. californicus indicated that the application concentration of SYP-9625 had no significant negative effect on treated N. californicus eggs (rm=0.277, λ=1.319) compared to the control (rm=0.292, λ=1.338). Additionally, the sublethal concentrations against T. cinnabarinus including LC10 and LC30 showed a dose-dependent mechanism on the predatory mite. SYP-9625 also stimulated the predatory capacity of N. californicus against immobile stages such as eggs and larvae.ConclusionIt is demonstrated that sublethal concentrations of SYP-9625 can inhibit population growth of T. cinnabarinus. And the sublethal concentrations and application concentration had little effect on the population growth of N. californicus. The two advantages showed great commercial potential of this new acaricide. Therefore, N. californicus can manage T. cinnabarinus populations effectively with appropriate SYP-9625 concentrations.

scholarly journals Biology and fertility life table of Eriopis connexa, Harmonia axyridis and Olla v-nigrum (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)

2015 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 969-973 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. C. F. Zazycki ◽  
R. E. S. Semedo ◽  
A. Silva ◽  
A. Z. Bisognin ◽  
O. Bernardi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Life Table ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Oviposition Period ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Biological Cycle ◽  
Eriopis Connexa ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis Pallas

Abstract The coccinellids Eriopis connexa (Germar), Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) and Olla v-nigrum (Mulsant) are important natural biological control agents. The purpose of this paper was to study the biology and create a fertility life table of these three coccinellid species. For the biology study, 50 insects/species were used and kept in groups of 10 in glass vials (2300cm3). For the three species studied, the viability of the total cycle varied from 45 to 50%. O. v-nigrum was the species which presented the longest oviposition period. However, H. axiridis demonstrated the best reproductive performance and ability of population growth in each generation. In conclusion, the use of commercially obtained pollen and A. kuenhiella eggs enables the development of coccinellids E. connexa, H. axyridis and O. v-nigrum under laboratory conditions, since the insects completed their biological cycle and originated adults with good reproductive performance.

Acaricidal activity and sublethal effects of the microbial pesticide spinosad on Tetranychus urticae (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 1748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irena Međo ◽  
Bojan Stojnić ◽  
Dejan Marčić
Keyword(s):  
Population Growth ◽  
Tetranychus Urticae ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Intrinsic Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Instantaneous Rate ◽  
Leaf Discs ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Female Longevity ◽  
Microbial Pesticide

Laboratory bioassays were conducted to evaluate the toxicity of the microbial pesticide spinosad to different life stages of the two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch, as well as its sublethal effects on reproduction and population growth of this important mite pest. The biopesticide was applied to bean primary leaves or leaf discs carrying spider mites using a Potter spray tower (2.7 mg/cm2 aqueous deposit). The following LC50 and LC90 (mg/L) estimates for motile stages were obtained in acute toxicity bioassays: 27.52 and 116.72 (larvae), 36.55 and 136.20 (protonymphs), 82.76 and 721.28 (female deutonymphs), and 61.47 and 457.21 (adult females). Spinosad showed no significant ovicidal action: toxic effect observed after spraying eggs (LC50 = 105.78 mg/L, LC90 = 596.95 mg/L) was the result of its residual action on larvae that hatched from the treated eggs. The effects of spinosad on life history traits and population growth of adult female survivors from treatments with 240, 120 and 60 mg/L were evaluated in two successive 7-day bioassays on untreated leaf discs. In the first bioassay, females that survived treatments as 24 h old eggs and completed their juvenile development on treated leaves had significantly lower gross fecundity, net fecundity and instantaneous rate of increase (ri) but the reduction was merely 4–6%, 9–11%, and 2–3%, respectively. Female longevity was significantly reduced (approximately by half a day) only after treatment with 240 mg/L. In the second bioassay, in which females were treated during their pre-ovipositional period, the treatments with 240 and 120 mg/L significantly reduced their gross fecundity (16–17%), net fecundity (28–31%), ri values (8–9%) and female longevity (approximately by one day). Spinosad effects on the intrinsic rate of increase (rm) and other demographic parameters were evaluated in two successive bioassays in which life tables were constructed for females that survived treatment with 120 mg/L at the egg stage (first demographic bioassay) or pre-ovipositional period (second demographic bioassay). In the first bioassay, the intrinsic rate of increase was significantly higher in treated (rm = 0.278) than control mites (rm = 0.267) as a result of higher net fertility at the beginning of reproduction of treated females. In the second bioassay, treated females had significantly lower rm than control females (0.254 and 0.283, respectively). The results obtained in this study indicate that spinosad, applied against insect pests (at field relevant rates of 60–240 mg/L), could eliminate a part of T. urticae population as well, but survivors would retain a significant potential for population recovery. 

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Two Commercial Insecticides on Egg Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Scelionidae) of Green Stink Bugs (Hem: Pentatomidae)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fateme Ranjbar ◽  
Stuart Reitz ◽  
M Amin Jalali ◽  
Mahdi Ziaaddini ◽  
Hamzeh Izadi
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Integrated Pest Management ◽  
Pest Management ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Egg Parasitoids ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Pistacia Vera ◽  
Stink Bugs ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Lambda Cyhalothrin

Abstract Pistacia vera L. is one of the most important horticultural crops in Iran. The stink bugs Acrosternum arabicum and Brachynema germari are two of the key pests that cause significant direct and indirect damage on Pistacia vera. Egg parasitoids have been considered as potential biological control agents of pistachio green stink bugs. Among them, Trissolcus semistriatus and Psix saccharicola are the most abundant and efficient parasitoid for A. arabicum in pistachio orchards. In this study, we assessed lethal and sublethal effects of two commonly used insecticide products (fenitrothion and a binary mixture of lambda-cyhalothrin + thiamethoxam) on these two parasitoid wasps under laboratory conditions. The median lethal concentration (LC50) values for fenitrothion and thiamethoxam + lambda-cyhalothrin in P. saccharicola and T. semistriatus were estimated as 1.03, 0.48 and 0.87, 0.98 mg a.i./liter, respectively. In terms of sublethal effects, insecticide treatments altered the type of functional response from type III to type II in T. semistriatus. However, P. saccharicola exhibited a type II functional to density of A. arabicum for all treatments, although attack rates were lower for insecticide-exposed wasps while handling times increased. Our results show that sublethal effects of insecticides further reduce the efficacy of biological control agents. Effective integrated pest management programs should avoid antagonistic interactions between chemical and biological control methods. The results of this study provide useful information to develop comprehensive integrated pest management programs for stink bugs in pistachio orchards.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties in the Panonychus citri (Acari: Tetranychidae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyan Wang ◽  
Tianrong Xin ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zhiwen Zou ◽  
Ling Zhong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Enzymatic Properties ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Panonychus Citri ◽  
High Biological Activity ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

AbstractPanonychus citri, a major citrus pest. In pest management, bifenazate is a novel acaricide with high biological activity against red mites, such as Tetranychus urticae Koch. However, in the field, pests are frequently exposed to sublethal or lethal concentrations of pesticides. At present, its sublethal effects on P. citri have not been reported. Therefore, in order to investigate sublethal effect of bifenazate on biological traits and enzymatic properties of P. citri. The newly emerged females were treated with two concentrations of bifenazate: LC10 and LC30, the development and fecundity were observed. The results showed that female adult duration, fecundity, oviposition days, longevity were decrease compared with control, but pre-oviposition period was longer, net reproductive rate (R0), mean generation (T) were decreased, intrinsic rate of increase (rm), finite rate (λ) were decreased in LC30, however, doubling time was increased. Enzymatic tests showed that CAT, POD, CarE activities were higher in treatments than control. The SOD and GST activities were lower in LC30 than control and LC10, the CYP450 activity was decreased with the increasing concentrations. This study demonstrated that low lethal concentrations of bifenazate adversely affected life table parameters, enzymatic properties in P. citri. Therefore, bifenazate has the potential to control this pest.

scholarly journals Sublethal effects of some synthetic and botanical insecticides on Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae)

2014 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeideh Esmaeily ◽  
Mohammad Amin Samih ◽  
Mehdi Zarabi ◽  
Fatemeh Jafarbeigi
Keyword(s):  
Bemisia Tabaci ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Survival Rates ◽  
Reproductive Rate ◽  
Intrinsic Rate Of Increase ◽  
Botanical Insecticides ◽  
Calotropis Procera ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Net Reproductive Rate ◽  
Rate Of Increase

Abstract In addition to direct mortality caused by insecticides, some biological traits of insects may also be affected by sublethal insecticide doses. In this study, we used the age-stage, two-sex life table method to evaluate the sublethal effects of the four synthetic insecticides: abamectin, imidacloprid, diazinon, and pymetrozin as well as the botanical insecticide taken from Calotropis procera (Asclepiadaceae) extract, on eggs of the cotton whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Hem.: Aleyrodidae). The lowest and highest survival rates and oviposition periods were observed in whiteflies treated by diazinon and imidacloprid, respectively. We found significant differences in the net reproductive rate (R0), the intrinsic rate of increase (r), the finite rate of increase (?), and the gross reproductive rate (GRR) among different insecticides. Altogether, our results showed that pymetrozin and C. procera induced the most sublethal effects, thus they may be suitable candidates for use in integrated pest management programs of B. tabaci.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the sublethal effect of tetrachlorantraniliprole on Spodoptera exigua and its potential toxicity to two non-target organisms

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. e0242052
Author(s):  
Haiyuan Teng ◽  
Yongda Yuan ◽  
Tianshu Zhang ◽  
Xiaoli Chang ◽  
Dongsheng Wang
Keyword(s):  
Spodoptera Exigua ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Ryanodine Receptors ◽  
Sublethal Effect ◽  
Lepidopteran Insect ◽  
Anthranilic Diamide ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sublethal Concentrations ◽  
Target Effects

Tetrachlorantraniliprole (TCAP) is a novel anthranilic diamide insecticide that specifically targets the ryanodine receptors of lepidopteran insect species with excellent insecticidal activity. Previous studies have reported the sublethal effects of multiple diamides on several lepidopteran species, whereas the sublethal and non-target effects of TCAP remain largely unknown. We assessed the sublethal effects of TCAP on Spodoptera exigua. We also investigated the effects of TCAP on non-target Harmonia axyridis and Eisenia fetida, S. exigua was more sensitive to TCAP than to chlorantraniliprole, as the LC50 (10.371 μg L-1 at 72 h) of TCAP was relatively lower. Compared with those of the control, sublethal concentrations of TCAP (LC10 and LC30) not only prolonged the duration of the larval and pupal stages as well as the mean generation time but also reduced certain population parameters. On the other hand, TCAP exposure, even at the highest concentration, did not induce toxic effects in H. axyridis ladybugs (1st instar larvae and adults) or E. fetida earthworms. Taken together, our results suggest that TCAP can be used as a novel and promising component of the integrated pest management (IPM) program against S. exigua due to its robust target effects and negligible non-target risks.

scholarly journals Compatibility between Entomopathogenic Fungi and Egg Parasitoids (Trichogrammatidae): A Laboratory Study for Their Combined Use to Control Duponchelia fovealis

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 630
Author(s):  
Emily Silva Araujo ◽  
Alex S. Poltronieri ◽  
Carolina G. Poitevin ◽  
José Manuel Mirás-Avalos ◽  
Maria Aparecida Cassilha Zawadneak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Entomopathogenic Fungi ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Adult Emergence ◽  
Biological Traits ◽  
Trichogramma Pretiosum ◽  
Biological Control Agents ◽  
Parasitism Rate ◽  
Trichogramma Species ◽  
Combined Use

The European pepper moth, Duponchelia fovealis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae), is a key pest in strawberry production. Entomopathogenic fungi (EF) and parasitoids of the Trichogrammatidae family are effective biological control agents of this pest with the potential to be used jointly for improved efficacy. This study aims to evaluate the susceptibility of Trichogramma atopovirilia and Trichogramma pretiosum to two Beauveria bassiana strains (B2 and B3) and two commercial bioinsecticides (Bovemax® and Methamax®) by applying them to D. fovealis eggs in pre- and post-parasitism periods. Pre-parasitism application of B2 and B3 did not affect the percentage of D. fovealis eggs parasitized by either Trichogramma species, except in the case of T. atopovirilia when eggs were sprayed with B3 at 1.5 × 105 conidia mL−1 (16.7% less than the control). In contrast, eggs sprayed with 1.5 × 108 conidia mL−1 of the commercial bioinsecticides were not parasitized by any Trichogramma species. Overall, the EF tested reduced the parasitism rate, adult emergence, and longevity of Trichogramma adults by less than 30% in all cases. The adverse effects of the B. bassiana strains and commercial products on the biological traits of both Trichogramma species were minimal, meaning that these agents can be used jointly in D. fovealis control strategies.

Lethal and Sublethal Effects of Long-term Cold Storage on Indoor-reared Harmonia Axyridis Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan-Xing Sun ◽  
Ya-Nan Hao ◽  
Ming-Ling Li ◽  
Chang-Zhong Liu ◽  
Sen-Shan Wang
Keyword(s):  
Biological Control ◽  
Cold Storage ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Prolonged Storage ◽  
Egg Viability ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Term Storage

Abstract Indoor-reared natural enemy with high quality after long-term cold storage is crucial for sustainable pest management. However, besides survivals, the sublethal effects were not widely been reported. In this study, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas), an important biological control agent in Asia, was reared with β-carotene-amended artificial diet (Ha-Car) before storing at 6°C. After 30, 60, 90 and 120 days of storage, a series of biological parameters were measured to evaluate the fitness of H. axyridis. We found that: (1) Survivals significantly decreased with prolonged storage, and more Ha-Car individuals survived at day 120 compared to Ha-CK (control); (2) The contents of glycogen and trehalose dramatically decreased following storage, and the weight losses gradually increased; (3) The average egg production and hatch rates within 15 days were not significantly different among treatments Ha-Car and Ha-CK following long-term storage (90 and 120 days), while the daily hatch rates gradually decreased from relatively high to zero at day 14 and 15; (4) The number of micropyles deposited on eggs also gradually decreased along with oviposition period. After re-mating with a new non-stored partner, the egg viability gradually increased again, while low egg viability was still detected in F1 generation. Moreover, reduced number of micropyles were detected on their eggs. In summary, Ha-Car can be cold stored for about 120 days with relatively high survivals and fecundity, but long-term storage produced remarkable intra- and trans-generational negative effects on fertility. Even though, the cold-stored H. axyridis had great potential being used in biological control program with inevitable promiscuity with field individuals.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document